ASTM C192 C192M-2015 Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory《实验室中混凝土试样的制备和养护标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: C192/C192M 15Standard Practice forMaking and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in theLaboratory1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C192/C192M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l

2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers procedures

3、for making and curingtest specimens of concrete in the laboratory under accuratecontrol of materials and test conditions using concrete that canbe consolidated by rodding or vibration as described herein.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as sta

4、ndard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, as

5、sociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to exposed s

6、kin and tissue upon prolongedexposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C70 Test Method for Surface Moisture in Fine AggregateC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC127 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC128 Test M

7、ethod for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)and Absorption of Fine AggregateC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-creteC173/C173M

8、 Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Volumetric MethodC231/C231M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates forStructural ConcreteC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures b

9、y Penetration ResistanceC470/C470M Specification for Molds for Forming ConcreteTest Cylinders VerticallyC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and Con

10、cretesC566 Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Content ofAggregate by DryingC617/C617M Practice for Capping Cylindrical ConcreteSpecimensC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use

11、 in Construction and Criteria forTesting Agency Evaluation2.2 American Concrete Institute Publications:4211.3 Practice for Selecting Proportions for No-Slump Con-crete309R Guide for Consolidation of Concrete3. Significance and Use3.1 This practice provides standardized requirements forpreparation of

12、 materials, mixing concrete, and making andcuring concrete test specimens under laboratory conditions.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concreteand ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.61 onTesting for Strength.Current edition approv

13、ed May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C192/C192M 14.DOI: 10.1520/C0192_C0192M-15.2See section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards,

14、visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9

15、094, http:/www.aci-int.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 If specimen preparation is controlled as stipulatedherein, the specimens may be used to de

16、velop information forthe following purposes:3.2.1 Mixture proportioning for project concrete,3.2.2 Evaluation of different mixtures and materials,3.2.3 Correlation with nondestructive tests, and3.2.4 Providing specimens for research purposes.NOTE 1The concrete test results for concrete specimens mad

17、e andcured using this practice are widely used. They may be the basis foracceptance testing for project concrete, research evaluations, and otherstudies. Careful and knowledgeable handling of materials, mixingconcrete, molding test specimens, and curing test specimens is necessary.Many laboratories

18、performing this important work are independentlyinspected or accredited. Practice C1077 identifies and defines the duties,responsibilities, and minimum technical qualification requirements oflaboratory personnel and the minimum requirements for equipment usedin testing concrete and concrete aggregat

19、es.4. Apparatus4.1 Molds, GeneralMolds for specimens or fasteningsthereto in contact with the concrete shall be made of steel, castiron, or other nonabsorbent material, nonreactive with concretecontaining portland or other hydraulic cements. Molds shallconform to the dimensions and tolerances specif

20、ied in themethod for which the specimens are required. Molds shall holdtheir dimensions and shape under all conditions of use.Watertightness of molds during use shall be judged by theirability to hold water poured into them. Test procedures forwatertightness are given in the section on Test Methods

21、forElongation, Absorption, and Watertightness of SpecificationC470/C470M. A suitable sealant, such as heavy grease, mod-eling clay, or microcrystalline wax, shall be used wherenecessary to prevent leakage through the joints. Positive meansshall be provided to hold base plates firmly to the molds.Reu

22、sable molds shall be lightly coated with mineral oil or asuitable nonreactive release material before use.4.2 Cylinder Molds:4.2.1 Molds for Casting Specimens Vertically shall conformto the requirements of 4.1 and Specification C470/C470M.4.2.2 Horizontal Molds for Creep Test Cylinders shallconform

23、to the requirements of 4.1 and to the requirements forsymmetry and dimensional tolerance in the section on GeneralRequirements except for verticality requirements of Specifica-tion C470/C470M. The use of horizontal molds is intendedonly for creep specimens that contain axially embedded straingages.

24、Molds for creep cylinders to be filled while supported ina horizontal position shall have a filling slot parallel to the axisof the mold which extends the full length to receive theconcrete. The width of the slot shall be one half the diameter ofthe specimen. If necessary the edges of the slot shall

25、 bereinforced to maintain dimensional stability. Unless specimensare to be capped or ground to produce plane ends, the moldsshall be provided with two machined metal end plates at least25 mm 1 in. thick and the working surfaces shall comply withthe requirements for planeness and surface roughness gi

26、ven inthe section on Capping Plates of Practice C617/C617M.Provision shall be made for fixing both end plates firmly to themold. The inside surface of each end plate shall be providedwith at least three lugs or studs approximately 25 mm 1 in.long, firmly fastened to the plate for embedment in thecon

27、crete. One base plate shall be drilled from the inside at anangle to permit the lead wire from the strain gage to exit thespecimen through the edge of the plate. Provision shall bemade for accurately positioning the strain gage. All necessaryholes shall be as small as possible to minimize disturbanc

28、e tosubsequent strain measurements and shall be sealed to preventleakage.4.3 Beam and Prism Molds shall be rectangular in shape(unless otherwise specified) and of the dimensions required toproduce the desired specimen size. The inside surfaces of themolds shall be smooth and free from indentations.

29、The sides,bottom, and ends shall be at right angles to each other and shallbe straight and true and free of warpage. Maximum variationfrom the nominal cross section shall not exceed 3 mm 18 in.for molds with depth or breadth of 150 mm 6 in. or more, or2mm116 in. for molds of smaller depth or breadth

30、. Exceptfor flexure specimens, molds shall not vary from the nominallength by more than 2 mm 116 in. Flexure molds shall not beshorter than 2 mm 116 in. of the required length, but mayexceed it by more than that amount.4.4 Tamping RodA round, smooth, straight, steel rod witha diameter conforming to

31、the requirements in Table 2. Thelength of the tamping rod shall be at least 100 mm 4 in.greater than the depth of the mold in which rodding is beingperformed, but not greater than 600 mm 24 in. in overalllength (see Note 2). The rod shall have the tamping end or bothends rounded to a hemispherical t

32、ip of the same diameter as therod.NOTE 2A rod length of 400 mm 16 in. to 600 mm 24 in. meets therequirements of the following: Practice C31/C31M, Test Method C138/C138M, Test Method C143/C143M, Test Method C173/C173M, and TestMethod C231/C231M.4.5 MalletsAmallet with a rubber or rawhide head weigh-i

33、ng 0.6 6 0.2 kg 1.25 6 0.50 lb shall be used.4.6 Vibrators:4.6.1 Internal VibratorsThe vibrator frequency shall be atleast 9000 vibrations per minute 150 Hz while the vibrator isoperating in the concrete. The diameter of a round vibratorshall be no more than one fourth the diameter of the cylindermo

34、ld or one fourth the width of the beam or prism mold. Othershaped vibrators shall have a perimeter equivalent to theTABLE 1 Number of Layers Required for SpecimensSpecimen Type and Size Mode ofConsolidationNumbers of Layersof ApproximateEqual DepthCylinders:Diameter, mm in.75 to 100 3 or 4 rodding 2

35、150 6 rodding 3225 9 rodding 4up to 225 9 vibration 2Prisms and horizontal creep Cylinders:Depth, mm in.up to 200 8 rodding 2over 200 8 rodding 3 or moreup to 200 8 vibration 1over 200 8 vibration 2 or moreC192/C192M 152circumference of an appropriate round vibrator. The combinedlength of the vibrat

36、or shaft and vibrating element shall exceedthe depth of the section being vibrated by at least 75 mm 3in. The vibrator frequency shall be checked with a vibrating-reed tachometer or other suitable device at an interval not toexceed two years. If the vibrator manufacturer recommends ashorter verifica

37、tion interval or a verification procedure, themanufacturers recommendation shall be followed.NOTE 3For information on size and frequency of various vibratorsand method to check vibrator frequency, see ACI 309R.4.6.2 External VibratorsThe two types of external vibra-tors permitted are either table or

38、 plank. The external vibratorfrequency shall be 3600 vibrations per minute (60 Hz) orhigher.4.6.3 Provisions shall be made for clamping the moldsecurely to the apparatus for both types of vibrators.NOTE 4Vibratory impulses are frequently imparted to a table or plankvibrator through electromagnetic m

39、eans, or by use of an eccentric weighton the shaft of an electric motor or on a separate shaft driven by a motor.4.7 Small ToolsTools and items such as shovels, pails,trowels, wood float, blunted trowels, straightedge, feeler gage,scoops, rulers, rubber gloves, and metal mixing bowls shall beprovide

40、d.4.8 Slump ApparatusThe apparatus for measurement ofslump shall conform to the requirements of Test MethodC143/C143M.4.9 Sampling and Mixing PanThe pan shall be flat-bottomand of heavy-gage metal, watertight, of convenient depth, andof sufficient capacity to allow easy mixing by shovel or trowelof

41、the entire batch; or, if mixing is by machine, to receive theentire batch on discharge of the mixer and allow remixing inthe pan by trowel or shovel.4.10 Wet-Sieving EquipmentIf wet-sieving is required, theequipment shall conform to the requirements of PracticeC172/C172M.4.11 Air Content ApparatusTh

42、e apparatus for measuringair content shall conform to the requirements of either TestMethods C231/C231M or C173/C173M.4.12 ScalesScales for determining the mass of batches ofmaterials and concrete shall be accurate within 0.3 % of the testload at any point within the range of use.NOTE 5In general th

43、e mass of small quantities should not bedetermined on large capacity scales. In many applications the smallestmass determined on a scale should be greater than about 10 % of themaximum capacity of the scale; however, this will vary with theperformance characteristics of the scale and the required ac

44、curacy of thedetermination. Acceptable scales used for determining the mass forconcrete materials preferably should determine mass accurately to about0.1 % of total capacity and the foregoing precaution is applicable.However, certain analytical and precision balances are exceptions to thisrule and s

45、hould weigh accurately to 0.001 %. Particular care must beexercised in measuring small quantities of material by determining thedifference between two much larger masses.4.13 Temperature Measuring DeviceThe temperaturemeasuring device shall conform to the requirements of TestMethod C1064/C1064M.4.14

46、 Concrete MixerA power-driven concrete mixer shallbe a revolving drum, tilting mixer, or suitable revolving pan orrevolving-paddle mixer capable of thoroughly mixing batchesof the prescribed sizes at the required slump.NOTE 6Apan mixer is usually more suitable for mixing concrete withless than 25 mm

47、 1 in. slump than a revolving drum mixer. The rate ofrotation, degree of tilt, and rated capacity of tilting mixers are not alwayssuitable for laboratory mixed concrete. It may be found desirable to reducethe rate of rotation, decrease the angle of tilt from the horizontal, and usethe mixer at somew

48、hat less than the manufacturers rated capacity.5. Specimens5.1 Cylindrical SpecimensCylinder dimensions shall be asstipulated in the specification, test method or practice for thelaboratory studies being performed and shall meet the require-ments of 5.4. If dimensions are not stipulated in a specifi

49、cation,test method, or practice, the specimen selected shall have alength that is twice the diameter and meet the requirements of5.4.NOTE 7The same cylinder size should be used for the reference(control) concrete mixture and test concrete mixtures when conductingcomparative studies such as those required in Specification C494/C494M.For mixture proportioning of project concrete, it is preferable for thecylinder size in the laboratory to be the same as that specified foracceptance testing.NOTE 8When mold