ASTM C217 C217M-2009 Standard Test Method for Weather Resistance of Slate《天然石板耐风化性的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: C 217/C 217M 09Standard Test Method forWeather Resistance of Slate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 217/C 217M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i

2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers two procedures for weatherresistance o

3、f slate in all outdoor installations by determiningthe depth of softening by an abraser or by hand scraping.NOTE 1The test is based on the fact that slates containing pyrite,calcite, and carbon undergo a chemical weathering which results in theconversion of the calcite particles to gypsum. The swell

4、ing action thatresults causes disintegration of the slate. The extent of this action onvarious slates in the test has been found to correlate with the durability ofthe materials in actual weathering.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as st

5、andard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,

6、associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone3. Termin

7、ology3.1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Ter-minology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences inweather resistance between various slates. This test methodalso provides one element in the comparison of slates.5. Apparatus5.1 Either o

8、ne of the following shall be used:5.1.1 Shear/Scratch Tester, Taber Model 203 or 502,3withthe shear hardness tool, Model S-20, or its equivalent.5.1.2 Hand Scraping ToolThe scraping tool shall be madeby grinding down the blade of a putty knife to a length of 3 in.75 mm and a width of34 in. 20 mm. Th

9、e end of the bladeshall be ground to a plane surface perpendicular to the lengthof the tool to form a sharp edge with either side of the blade.These sharp edges will be referred to as the “cutting edges.”6. Sampling6.1 The samples shall be selected by the purchaser or hisauthorized representative so

10、 as to be truly representative of theconsignment under consideration. Six shingles of roofing fromeach carload or fraction thereof or similar quantities from otherkinds of slate shall constitute a sample.NOTE 2Six shingles 10 in. 250 mm or more in length and of anystandard width are sufficient for t

11、his test and also for modulus of ruptureand absorption tests.7. Test Specimens7.1 Prepare at least three specimens, each 2 by 4 in. 50 by100 mm measured along the cleavage faces, for determiningthe depth of softening in a 1 % solution of sulfuric acid. The 2by 4 in. 50 by 100 mm faces shall be groun

12、d smooth andfinished with No. 80 abrasive. Specimens cut from sheared orpunched slate shall have no saw cut nearer than 1 in. 25 mmfrom the edges or nail holes.8. Procedure with Shear/Scratch Tester8.1 In this procedure determine the depth of softening inacid with the shear/scratch tester (described

13、 in 5.1.1). The testinvolves measuring the depth of a groove made by the shearingtool in fresh specimens and also in the same specimens aftersoaking 7 days in 1 % sulfuric acid.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Sub

14、committee C18.01 on TestMethods.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 21794(2004).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.

15、For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus (as described in the 1962 Bulletin62203502) known to the committee at this time is Taber Instrument Co., NorthTonawanda, NY. If you are awa

16、re of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke

17、n, PA 19428-2959, United States.8.2 Draw with a pencil compass, on at least three of the 2 by4 in. 50 by 100 mm specimens, an arc of a circle of the sameradius as that made by the shearing tool. Mark each arc at fourpoints for thickness measurements, as indicated in Fig. 1.Measure the thickness at e

18、ach point to the nearest 0.0001 in.0.002 mm. With a 2.2 lbf 10 N load on the shearing tool,groove each specimen along the penciled arc by rotating theturntable slowly and steadily by hand in a counter clockwisedirection. Then repeat the thickness measurements at the samefour points to determine the

19、depth of groove made by theshearing tool in fresh specimens.8.3 Then put the specimens in a glass vessel and completelycover with 1 % sulfuric acid solution. Space the specimens inthe container so that the acid has free access to the 2 by 4 in.50 by 100 mm faces. Pour off the acid solution each day

20、andreplace with fresh solution. At the end of 7 days remove thespecimens from the acid, thoroughly wash with water, and dryfor 24 h at 221 6 4F 105 6 2C.NOTE 3 ExampleAconvenient means of determining the amount ofH2SO4required for the test is as follows: Suppose one has 96 % H2SO4(sp gr 1.84) and th

21、e volume of diluted acid necessary for the test is 2000mL. Let X equal the weight of 96 % H2SO4required. Then:0.96X/X 1 2000! 5 0.01 (1)From this equation, X is determined as 21.05 g. The volume of this weightof 96 % H2SO4is 21.05/1.84 = 11.4 mL. (The error due to assuming theweight of 1 mL of water

22、 as1gisnotappreciable.)8.4 When the specimens have cooled, repeat the sameprocedure as outlined in 8.2 on the faces opposite to thosescored before the treatment.8.5 Record the depth of softening for the specimen as theaverage depth of groove for each specimen after the acidtreatment minus that for t

23、he specimen before the treatment.9. Procedure by Hand Scraping9.1 In this procedure the depth of softening in acid isdetermined by hand scraping. The scraping shall be done withthe “cutting edges” of the tool.9.2 Apply approximately a 3 lbf 15 N pressure on the“cutting edge” (Note 4). Hold the blade

24、 on the top surface of thespecimen at an angle of approximately 30. Move the cuttingedge forward about 112 in. 40 mm for each stroke, and leteach stroke follow the same path. Make eight strokes with onecutting edge and eight with the other. Before each specimen isscraped, sharpen the cutting edge.NO

25、TE 4In this test the pressure on the blade is estimated but notdefinitely controlled. The following guide in applying the proper pressureis suggested: Grasp the handle of the tool in the same way as in scrapinga specimen. Press a “cutting edge” on the weighing table of a smallplatform scale when the

26、 weighing beam is loaded for 3 lbf 15 N. Thepressure on the tool and also the amount of bending of the blade requiredto raise the beam are used as criteria in judging the pressure to apply in thetest. This seemingly crude test gives reasonably concordant results for thereason that the softened layer

27、 of slate is easily scraped off but the soundslate underneath is removed very slowly. Since the specified number ofstrokes is considerably more than necessary to remove the softened layer,it is more important to apply a constant pressure than one of a definiteamount.9.3 Scrape three or more specimen

28、s of each sample (asdescribed in Section 6) in the original condition at the center ofone 2 by 4 in. 50 by 100 mm face. Locate the center bydrawing the diagonals of the rectangle, and do the thicknessmeasurements before and after scraping to the nearest 0.0001in. 0.002 mm. After soaking the specimen

29、s for 7 days in acid(as described in 8.3), measure the thickness before scraping,then scrape the other faces of the specimens to determine thedepth of softening. Reduce the second depth of scraping by theFIG. 1 Diagram of Slate Specimen Prepared for Test with Taber Shear/Scratch TesterC 217/C 217M 0

30、92depth scraped off before the acid treatment. Record the averageof all specimens of each sample as the depth of softening of thesample.9.4 The depth of softening is the depth of scraping after theacid treatment minus the depth of scraping before the acidtreatment. Record the average of all specimen

31、s of each sampleas the depth of softening of the sample.NOTE 5Thickness measurements are required before scraping in theacid soak condition because in some cases, there is swelling of thespecimen that could result in an erroneous depth of softening.10. Report10.1 The report shall include the followi

32、ng:10.1.1 The procedure used,10.1.2 The average depth of softening of all individualspecimens of each sample reported as the depth of softening ofthat sample, in in. mm.10.1.3 Identification of each sample, including name andlocation of the quarry, name and position of the ledge, datewhen sample was

33、 taken, and trade name or grade of the slate,10.1.4 Size and shape of the test specimens, and10.1.5 Description of the way in which the specimens wereprepared.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result indeviation from accepted values. A precision section will b

34、eadded when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.12. Keywords12.1 dimension stone; durability; slate; stone; test; weatherresistanceASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection

35、with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible te

36、chnical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider

37、ation at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr

38、Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 217/C 217M 093