1、Designation: C217/C217M 15aStandard Test Method forWeather Resistance of Slate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C217/C217M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers two procedures for weatherresistance of slate in all outdoor installations by determiningthe depth of softening by shear/s
3、cratch tester or by handscraping.NOTE 1The test is based on the fact that slates containing pyrite,calcite, and carbon undergo a chemical weathering which results in theconversion of the calcite particles to gypsum. The swelling action thatresults causes disintegration of the slate. The extent of th
4、is action onvarious slates in the test has been found to correlate with the durability ofthe materials in actual weathering.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;theref
5、ore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standa
6、rd to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneC1799 Guide to Dimension Stone Test Specimen Samplingand Preparation3. Terminology3.
7、1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Ter-minology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences inweather resistance between various slates. This test methodalso provides one element in the comparison of slates.5. Apparatus5.1 Either one of t
8、he following shall be used:5.1.1 Shear/Scratch Tester, (see Fig. 1) with the shearhardness tool, Model S-203, or its equivalent. The apparatusincludes a removable scale beam that is mounted on a pivotalshaft projecting from an adjustable gage block that can beraised or lowered, corresponding with th
9、e thickness of a testspecimen up to 0.5 in. 12.7 mm. The scale beam is set at anangle of 70 referencing the shaft it pivots on. A calibratedweight and sliding weight are mounted on the scale beam toachieve the desired load. Operated by an on/off switch, themotorized turntable rotates counter clockwi
10、se at a constantspeed of 0.6 r/min.5.1.2 Hand Scraping ToolThe scraping tool shall be madeby grinding down the blade of a putty knife to a length of 3 in.75 mm and a width of34 in. 20 mm. The end of the bladeshall be ground to a plane surface perpendicular to the lengthof the tool to form a sharp ed
11、ge with either side of the blade.These sharp edges will be referred to as the “cutting edges.”6. Sampling6.1 The samples shall be selected by the purchaser or hisauthorized representative so as to be truly representative of theconsignment under consideration. Six shingles of roofing fromeach carload
12、 or fraction thereof or similar quantities from otherkinds of slate shall constitute a sample.NOTE 2Six shingles 10 in. 250 mm or more in length and of anystandard width are sufficient for this test.NOTE 3Refer to Guide C1799 for additional information on selecting,preparing, and conditioning test s
13、pecimens.7. Test Specimens7.1 Prepare at least three specimens, each 2 by 4 in. 50 by100 mm measured along the cleavage faces, for determining1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on TestMethods.Cur
14、rent edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C217/C217M15.DOI: 10.1520/C0217_C0217M-15A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For
15、Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply known to the committee at this time is TaberIndustries, North Tonawanda, NY. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM I
16、nternational Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1the depth of softening in a 1 % solut
17、ion of sulfuric acid. The 2by 4 in. 50 by 100 mm faces shall be ground smooth andfinished with No. 80 abrasive. Specimens cut from sheared orpunched slate shall have no saw cut nearer than 1 in. 25 mmfrom the edges or nail holes.NOTE 4While the minimum of three specimens is acceptable,evaluating six
18、 specimens per sample will provide greater confidence inyour test results.8. Procedure with Shear/Scratch Tester8.1 In this procedure determine the depth of softening inacid with the shear/scratch tester (described in 5.1.1). The testinvolves measuring the depth of a groove made by the shearingtool
19、in fresh specimens and also in the same specimens aftersoaking 7 days in 1 % sulfuric acid.8.2 Draw with a pencil compass, on at least three of the 2 by4 in. 50 by 100 mm specimens, an arc of a circle of the sameradius as that made by the shearing tool. Mark the arc at fourpoints to identify the pos
20、ition for taking thicknessmeasurements, as indicated in Fig. 2. Measure the thickness ateach point to the nearest 0.0001 in. 0.002 mm.NOTE 5All measurements are to be taken normal to the surface of thespecimen. In lieu of measuring specimen thickness before and afterscraping, groove depth may be mea
21、sured directly using surface metrologyequipment.FIG. 1 Shear/Scratch TesterFIG. 2 Diagram of Slate Specimen Prepared for Test with Shear/Scratch TesterC217/C217M 15a28.3 With a 2.2 lbf 10 N load on the shearing tool, grooveeach specimen along the penciled arc by rotating the turntablein a counter cl
22、ockwise direction.8.4 Repeat the thickness measurements at the same fourpoints to determine the depth of groove made by the shearingtool.8.5 Place the specimens in a glass vessel and completelycover with 1 % sulfuric acid solution. Space the specimens inthe container so that the acid has free access
23、 to the 2 by 4 in.50 by 100 mm faces. Pour off the acid solution each day andreplace with fresh solution. At the end of 7 days remove thespecimens from the acid, thoroughly wash with water, and dryfor 24 h at 221 6 4F 105 6 2C.NOTE 6 ExampleAconvenient means of determining the amount ofH2SO4required
24、 for the test is as follows: Suppose one has 96 % H2SO4(sp gr 1.84) and the volume of diluted acid necessary for the test is 2000mL. Let X equal the weight of 96 % H2SO4required. Then:0.96X/X12000! 5 0.01 (1)From this equation, X is determined as 21.05 g. The volume of thisweight of 96 % H2SO4is 21.
25、05/1.84 = 11.4 mL. (The error due to as-suming the weight of 1 mL of water as1gisnotappreciable.)8.6 When the specimens have cooled, repeat the sameprocedure as outlined in 8.2 8.4 on the faces opposite to thosescored before the treatment.NOTE 7Thickness measurements are required before scraping in
26、theacid soak condition because in some cases, there is swelling of thespecimen that could result in an erroneous depth of softening.8.7 Record the depth of softening for the specimen as theaverage depth of groove for each specimen after the acidtreatment minus that for the specimen before the treatm
27、ent.9. Procedure by Hand Scraping9.1 In this procedure the depth of softening in acid isdetermined by hand scraping. The test involves measuring thedepth of a scrape made by the cutting edges of a hand scrapingtool in specimens of original condition and also on the samespecimens after soaking 7 days
28、 ina1%sulfuric acid.9.2 Before each specimen is scraped, sharpen the cuttingedges of the hand scraping tool. See 5.1.2.9.3 On at least three specimens, locate the center by drawingthe diagonals of the rectangle. Measure the thickness beforescraping to the nearest 0.0001 in. 0.002 mm.9.4 Hold the bla
29、de on the top surface of the specimen at anangle of approximately 30. Apply approximately a 3 lbf 15N pressure on the “cutting edge” (Note 8) and move thecutting edge forward about 112 in. 40 mm for each stroke.NOTE 8In this test the pressure on the blade is estimated but notdefinitely controlled. T
30、he following guide in applying the proper pressureis suggested: Grasp the handle of the tool in the same way as in scrapinga specimen. Press a “cutting edge” on the weighing table of a smallplatform scale when the weighing beam is loaded for 3 lbf 15 N. Thepressure on the tool and also the amount of
31、 bending of the blade requiredto raise the beam are used as criteria in judging the pressure to apply in thetest. This seemingly crude test gives reasonably concordant results for thereason that the softened layer of slate is easily scraped off but the soundslate underneath is removed very slowly. S
32、ince the specified number ofstrokes is considerably more than necessary to remove the softened layer,it is more important to apply a constant pressure than one of a definiteamount.9.5 Following the same path, make eight strokes with onecutting edge and eight with the other.9.6 Measure the thickness
33、at the same point to determine thedepth of the scrape made by the hand scraping tool.9.7 After soaking the specimens for 7 days in acid (asdescribed in 8.5), measure the thickness (Note 5 and Note 7).9.8 When the specimens have cooled, repeat the sameprocedure as outlined in 9.2-9.6 on the faces opp
34、osite to thosescraped before the treatment.9.9 The depth of softening is the depth of scraping after theacid treatment minus the depth of scraping before the acidtreatment. Record the average of all specimens of each sampleas the depth of softening of the sample.10. Report10.1 The report shall inclu
35、de the following:10.1.1 The procedure used,10.1.2 The average depth of softening of all individualspecimens of each sample reported as the depth of softening ofthat sample, in inches mm.10.1.3 Identification of each sample, such as name andlocation of the quarry, name and position of the ledge, date
36、when sample was taken, and trade name or grade of the slate,10.1.4 Size and shape of the test specimens if different than7.1, and10.1.5 Description of the way in which the specimens wereprepared.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result indeviation from accepte
37、d values. A precision section will beadded when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.12. Keywords12.1 dimension stone; durability; slate; stone; test; weatherresistanceC217/C217M 15a3APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. HISTORICAL INFOR
38、MATIONX1.1 This test method was originally approved in 1948 andutilized a manually operated version of the Taber Shear/ScratchTester, Shear Hardness Attachment E-3720, which was anaccessory for Taber Rotary Abraser Model E-4010.X1.2 Previous instruments referenced in this test methodinclude Model 20
39、3 (see Fig. X1.1) which was a stand-alone,manually operated instrument and Model 502 (Fig. X1.2)which was motorized as described in 1962 Bulletin 62203-502.FIG. X1.1 Taber Shear/Scratch Tester Model 203FIG. X1.2 Taber Shear/Scratch Tester Model 502C217/C217M 15a4ASTM International takes no position
40、respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.Th
41、is standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Int
42、ernational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown
43、 below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 15a5
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