ASTM C226-2012 Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement《制造加气水凝水泥用加气剂的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: C226 12Standard Specification forAir-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re

2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specificati

3、on covers the requirements and methodsfor establishing the suitability of a material for use as anair-entraining addition to be interground with the clinker in themanufacture of air-entraining hydraulic cement conforming toSpecifications C150, C595, and C1157.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to

4、 be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations

5、prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete S

6、pecimensC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by theTurbidimeterC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield,

7、and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of HydraulicCementC175 Specification for Air-Entraining Portlant Cement4C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Ce

8、mentMortarC187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required forNormal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement PasteC191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of HydraulicCement by Vicat NeedleC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic

9、 Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC293 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam With Center-Point Loading)C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage o

10、f Mortar Contain-ing Hydraulic CementC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement2.2 ACI Standards:5ACI 211.1-77 Recommended Practice for Selecting Propor-tions for Normal and Heavyweight Concrete3. Materials3.1 Ce

11、ments:3.1.1 In cases where it is desired that the proposed air-entraining addition be accepted for general use in portlandcement, tests shall be made on six lots of cement ground atcement plants, using commercial grinding equipment. Fromeach of three different samples of clinkers, two lots of cement

12、shall be ground, representing respectively: a Type I portlandcement containing not less than 9 % tricalcium aluminate1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Commitee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.Current edition approved July 15, 2012.

13、 Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C226 07. DOI:10.1520/C0226-12.2See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTMStandards, Vol 04.01.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AS

14、TM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.5Available from the American Concrete Institute,

15、 P.O. Box 19150, Detroit, MI48219.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(C3A), calculated as specified in Table 1 of Specification C150and a Type II and a Ty

16、pe III portland cement all conforming toSpecification C150. One lot, the “control” shall be groundwithout the proposed air-entraining addition; the proposedaddition shall be interground with the other lot, using theaddition in such amounts as to produce the air/entrainmentrequired in Specification C

17、150. Not more than two of the threeclinkers shall be produced by or ground at the same mill.3.1.2 In cases where it is desired that the proposed air-entraining addition be limited in use to specific types of cementin specific cement manufacturing plants, either or both less innumber than required in

18、 3.1.1, the tests and test procedure shallbe as specified in 3.1.1, except that the number of cements tobe tested shall be limited to those under specific consideration.3.1.3 The two companion cements made from any oneclinker shall be ground to the same fineness (within 5 m2/kgwhen tested in accorda

19、nce with Test Method C115) as mea-sured by the turbidimeter test (7.1.3) or (within 10 m2/kg whentested in accordance with Test Method C204) as measured bythe air permeability apparatus, and the sulfur trioxide (SO3)content expressed as a percentage of the cement weight andreported to the nearest 0.

20、01 %, shall differ by no more than 0.3for all types of cement. Each “control” cement shall complywith all of the requirements in the specification applicable tothat type of cement, and shall not contain the proposed additionwhen tested by the method furnished by the producer or sellerof the addition

21、.3.1.4 Determine percentage of each of the following con-stituents for each lot of cement tested: silicon dioxide (SiO2),aluminum oxide (Al2O3), iron oxide (Fe2O3), calcium oxide(CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulfur trioxide (SO3), igni-tion loss, insoluble residue, sodium oxide (Na2O), and potas-siu

22、m oxide (K2O). Calculate the potential percentages of thefollowing phases: tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate(C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A), and tetracalcium alumino-ferrite (C4AF). Determine the percentage of addition on thecements containing the addition using the method proposed byt

23、he maker or seller of the addition.3.2 Aggregates:3.2.1 The fine and coarse aggregates used in the tests shallconform to the requirements of Specification C33, except thatthe grading of the aggregates shall conform to the requirementsgiven in Table 1.3.2.2 The coarse aggregate shall be carefully sep

24、arated onthe 25.0-mm (1-in.), 19.0-mm (34-in.), 12.5-mm (12-in.),9.5-mm (38-in.), and 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieves, and then recom-bined, using equal quantities by weight of each of the resultingfour sizes.3.2.3 The fine and coarse aggregates used in the tests of anytwo companion cements (that is, a cemen

25、t containing theaddition and the corresponding “control” cement) shall eachcome from a single lot of such aggregate.3.3 Reference Addition:3.3.1 The reference addition used in the concrete mixturespecified in Section 8, from which specimens will be made fortests for resistance to freezing and thawin

26、g as specified in10.2.3, shall be any one of the four materials (Vinsol resin,Darex, N-TAIR, orAiralon) that have been declared acceptableby ASTM under the former Specifications C175 48T.3.3.2 The reference addition to be used will be designatedby the person or agency for whom the testing will beper

27、formed. If no reference addition is designated, the materialknown commercially as “Vinsol resin” shall be used. TheVinsol resin used shall be neutralized with 15 percent by massof sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The air contents of the concretecontaining the reference addition and the concrete containingth

28、e proposed addition shall agree within 0.5 percentage points.3.3.3 The reference addition, used as an admixture, isintended for use with control cements only in concrete forfreezing-and-thawing tests to establish the durability factor bymeans of which the concretes containing the addition under test

29、may be evaluated.3.3.4 Preparation of Standard Reference Solutions:3.3.4.1 Place 50 g (total solids in the case of solution orpastes) of the designated reference addition in 500 mL offreshly distilled water in a 1000-mL flask and mix thoroughlyuntil the solids are completely dissolved or the paste o

30、r solutionis uniformly diluted. After surface foam has been dissipated,dilute to 1000 mL and mix thoroughly.3.3.4.2 In the case of Vinsol resin, the neutralized solutionshall be made as follows: Dissolve 7.50 g of cp NaOH in 100mL of distilled water. Add a few drops of this solution to 300to 350 mLo

31、f distilled water contained in a 600-mLbeaker.Add50.00 g of dry, unneutralized Vinsol resin in pulverized form tothe beaker and stir until all of the resin is wetted and welldispersed. Then add all of the NaOH solution to this suspensionand stir until all of the resin is in solution. Transfer to ame

32、asuring flask, dilute to 1000 mL and mix thoroughly. Fromthis stock standard solution prepare a dilute standard solutionby diluting 100 mL of the stock solution to 1000 mL.4. General Requirements4.1 Air-entraining additions shall conform to the respectiverequirements prescribed in this specification

33、.4.2 The trade name, source, and character of the material,and means for the quantitative identification of the proposedaddition in the finished cement, shall be furnished by the makeror seller of the addition, and that information shall form a partof the record of tests of the addition.4.3 Air-entr

34、aining additions shall be evaluated by testingcements ground with and without the additions. The cementsground without the additions shall be referred to in thisspecification as “control” cements.TABLE 1 Grading Requirements of AggregatesSieve Percentage PassingFine Aggregate4.75-mm (No. 4) 1001.18-

35、mm (No.16) 65 to 75300-m (No. 50) 15 to 20150-m (No. 100) 2 to 5Coarse Aggregate25.0-mm (1-in.) 10019.0-mm (34-in.) 7512.5-mm (12-in.) 509.5-mm (38-in.) 254.75-mm (No.4) 0C226 1224.4 An air-entraining addition under this specification, wheninterground with hydraulic cement, shall produce a cement th

36、atcomplies with the appropriate Specifications C150, C595,orC1157 and when evaluated by the results of tests madeaccording to the procedures herein described, shall also complywith the following requirements as to the effect of the additionon the properties of the cement:4.4.1 The time of setting of

37、 cement containing the additionshall not vary from the time of setting of the respective“control” cement by more than 50 %.4.4.2 The percentage autoclave expansion for cement con-taining the addition shall not exceed the percentage autoclaveexpansion for the corresponding“ control” cement by moretha

38、n 0.1.4.4.3 The compressive strength of standard mortar cubesmade with cement containing the addition shall be not less than80 % of the compressive strength of similar cubes made withthe corresponding “control” cement.4.4.4 The percentage length change of air-stored mortar barsmade with cement conta

39、ining the addition, based on an initialmeasurement at the age of 7 days, and expressed as apercentage change in length, shall be not more than 0.01greater than that of similar mortar bars made with the corre-sponding “control” cement and similarly tested.4.4.5 The percentage of air entrained in the

40、concrete madewith cement containing the addition shall exceed by at least 2.5the percentage air in similar concrete prepared with thecorresponding “control” cement. (See 3.1.1 for the limitationof air-entraining properties of the “control” cement.)4.4.6 The compressive strength of the concrete made

41、withcement containing the addition shall be not less than 80 % ofthe compressive strength of similar concrete made with thecorresponding “control” cement.4.4.7 The flexural strength of concrete made with cementcontaining the addition shall be not less than 85 % of theflexural strength of correspondi

42、ng concrete made with the“control” cement.4.4.8 In the freezing and thawing test, the durability factorof the concrete made with the cement containing the proposedaddition shall be not less than 80 % of the durability factor ofsimilar concrete made with the corresponding “control” cementand containi

43、ng the reference addition as specified in 3.3. (See11.1.3 for the method of calculating the durability factor.)5. Sampling Cement5.1 Samples of the plant-ground cements shall be obtainedduring grinding. Prior to the commencement of the sampling ofa given lot of cement, the mill shall have run for ap

44、proximately4 h to establish equilibrium. Notes shall be kept as to the rateand continuity of the feed of the addition, the form in which theaddition is used, strength of the solution, and the mill tempera-ture. Fineness of the grinding should be checked during thegrinding.5.2 The quantity of sample

45、shall be not less than 272 kg(600 lb) for the cement containing the proposed addition andfor the corresponding control cement.5.3 As the cement samples are secured, they shall be placedin metal drums provided with gasket-fitted lids. The drumsshall be tightly closed at the end of the sampling period

46、. Priorto use, the samples of a given lot of cement shall be wellblended to form a uniform, representative composite.6. Test Methods6.1 Determine the properties enumerated in this specifica-tion in accordance with the methods prescribed in Sections7-11.7. Tests on Cement7.1 Test the cement samples i

47、n accordance with the follow-ing methods:7.1.1 Chemical Analysis of CementTest Methods C114.7.1.2 Determination of Addition in the Finished CementDetermine the percentage of the addition in the finished cementby the method furnished by the manufacturer or seller of theproposed addition. The method s

48、hall be adequate for thequalitative and quantitative determination of the addition in thefinished cement, and shall be fully described in the report of thetests on the addition.7.1.3 Fineness of CementTest Method C115 or C204.7.1.4 Normal ConsistencyTest Method C187.7.1.5 Time of SettingDetermine th

49、e time of setting withthe Vicat needle, in accordance with Test Method C191.7.1.6 Autoclave ExpansionTest Method C151.7.1.7 Air Content of MortarTest Method C185.7.1.8 Compressive Strength of MortarTest Method C109/C109M.7.1.9 Length Change of MortarFor each lot of cement,determine the length change of mortar bars according to TestMethod C596 except, after demolding, cure the specimens insaturated lime water for 6 days (7 days total age) and measurethe length of each specimen at 7 days of age. Then, place thespecimens in air storage for the remainder of the test