ASTM C232 C232M-2013b Standard Test Method for Bleeding of Concrete《混凝土泌水现象的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: C232/C232M 13aC232/C232M 13bStandard Test Method forBleeding of Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C232/C232M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb

2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative

3、 quantity of mixing water that will bleed from a sample of freshlymixed concrete.1.2 When various concretes are to be compared, if the batches are of similar unit weight, the sample masses shall not differ bymore than 1 kg 2 lb.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be r

4、egarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound e

5、quivalentsare not used in practice.NOTE 1Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. the alternative designation given in parentheses is for informationonly and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footno

6、tes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the u

7、ser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin andtissue upon prolonged exposure).22. Referenced Documents2

8、.1 ASTM Standards:3C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in AggregateC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC172C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly M

9、ixed ConcreteC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Fo

10、r definitions of terms used in this test method refer to Terminology C125.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides procedures to be used for determining the effect of variables of composition, treatment,environment, or other factors in the bleeding of concrete. It is also permitted to be

11、 used to determine the conformance of a productor treatment with a requirement relating to its effect on bleeding of concrete.1 ThisThese test method ismethods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee C09.60

12、on Testing Fresh Concrete.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2013. Published August 2013October 2013. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2013 asC232/C232M 13.C232/C232M 13a. DOI: 10.1520/C0232_C0232M-13a.10.1520/C0232_C0232M-13b.2 Section on Safety Precautions,

13、Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag

14、e on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that u

15、sers consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons

16、hohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 A specimen consolidated by rodding and tested without further disturbance simulates conditions in which the concrete isnot subjected to intermittent vibration after placement.5. Apparatus5.1 ContainerA cylindrical container of approximately 14-L 12-ft3 capa

17、city, having an inside diameter of 255 6 5 mm 106 14 in. and an inside height of 280 6 5 mm 11 6 14 in. The container shall conform to the requirements for a measure inTest Method C29/C29M. The inside shall be free of corrosion, coatings, or lubricants.5.2 Scale, of sufficient capacity to determine

18、the mass of the load required with an accuracy of 0.5 %. Balances or scales shallbe calibrated at least annually or whenever there is reason to question the accuracy of the equipment. Equipment not in operatingcondition or out of tolerance shall be marked as such and taken out of service until corre

19、cted.5.3 Pipet, or similar instrument, for drawing off free water from the surface of the test specimen.5.4 Glass Graduate, 100-mL capacity for collecting and measuring the quantity of water withdrawn.5.5 Tamping RodA round, straight steel rod, 16 mm 58 in. in diameter and approximately 610 mm 24 in

20、. in length, havingthe tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip, the diameter of which is 16 mm 58 in.5.6 The apparatus listed in 4.75.7, 4.85.8, and 4.95.9 are required if the procedure of measuring the amount of bleed waterrecovered is one involving weighing, evaporation, and reweighing.5.7 Meta

21、l Beaker (Optional)A 1000-mL metal beaker for collecting the decanted supernatant water and sludge.5.8 Balance (Optional)A balance sensitive to 1 g for determining the mass of the decanted water and sludge.5.9 Hot Plate (Optional)A small electric hot plate or other source of heat for evaporating dec

22、anted water.6. Test Specimen6.1 For concrete made in the laboratory, prepare as described in Practice C192/C192M. For concrete made in the field, samplethe concrete as described in Practice C172C172/C172M. The apparatus described in this test method is permitted to be used withsamples of concrete co

23、ntaining any size of aggregate graded up to and including a nominal maximum size of 50 mm 2 in.Concrete containing aggregate larger than 50 mm 2 in. in nominal maximum size shall be wet sieved over a 37.5 mm1(112-in.-in.) sieve and the test performed on a portion of the sample that passes through th

24、e sieve.6.2 Fill the container with the concrete in accordance with Test Method C138/C138M except that the container shall be filledto a height of 254 6 3 mm 10 6 18 in. Level the top surface of the concrete to a reasonably smooth surface by a minimumamount of troweling.7. Procedure7.1 During the te

25、st, maintain the ambient temperature between 18 and 24 C 65 and 75 F. Immediately after troweling thesurface of the specimen, record the time and determine the mass of the container and its contents. Place the specimen and containeron a level platform or floor free of noticeable vibration and cover

26、the container to prevent evaporation of the bleed water. Keepthe cover in place throughout the test, except when drawing off the water. Draw off (with pipet or similar instrument) the waterthat has accumulated on the surface at 10-min intervals during the first 40 min and at 30-min intervals thereaf

27、ter until cessationof bleeding, recording the time of last observation. To facilitate the collection of bleed water, tilt the specimen carefully by placinga block approximately 50 mm 2 in. thick under one side of the container 2 min prior to each time the water is withdrawn. Afterthe water is remove

28、d, return the container to a level position without jarring.After each withdrawal, transfer the water to a 100-mLgraduated cylinder. Record the accumulated quantity of water after each transfer. When only the total volume of bleeding is desiredto be determined, the periodic removal procedure shall b

29、e omitted and the entire amount removed in a single operation. If it isdesired to determine the mass of the bleed water and to exclude the material present other than the water, carefully decant thecontents of the cylinder into a metal beaker. Determine the mass and record the mass of the beaker and

30、 its contents. Dry the beakerand its contents to constant mass and record the final mass. The difference between the two masses, D, is equal to the mass of thebleed water. The mass of the sludge shall also be obtained, if desired, by initially determining the tare mass of the beaker.8. Calculation8.

31、1 Calculate the volume of bleed water per unit area of surface, V, as follows:V 5V1/A (1)where:V 1 = volume of bleed water measured during the selected time interval, mL, andA = area of exposed concrete, cm2.The comparative rate of bleeding shall be determined as the test progresses by comparing the

32、 volume of bleed water for eachequal time interval.C232/C232M 13b28.2 Calculate the accumulated bleed water, expressed as a percentage of the net mixing water contained within the testspecimen, as follows:C 5w/W! 3S (2)Bleeding,%5D/C! 3100where:C = mass of the water in the test specimen, g,C = mass

33、of net mixing water in the test specimen, g,W = total mass of the batch, kg,w = mass of net mixing water in the batch (the total amount of water minus the water absorbed by the aggregates), kg,S = mass of the sample, g, andS = mass of the specimen, g, andD = mass of the bleed water, g, or total volu

34、me withdrawn from the test specimen in cubic centimeters multiplied by 1 g/cm3.D = accumulated mass of the bleed water, g, (total volume withdrawn from the test specimen in mL multiplied by 1 g/mL).9. Report9.1 Concrete mixture proportions,9.2 Source and identification of each material used,9.3 The

35、volume of bleed water per unit area of surface, and the accumulated bleed water, expressed as a percentage of the netmixing water contained within the test specimen, and9.4 Elapsed time required for cessation of bleeding.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision:10.1.1 Data are available to evaluate the

36、precision of the test method for concrete consolidated by vibration. There is reason tobelieve that the precision of tests for concrete consolidated by rodding is at least as good as that for concrete consolidated byvibration. The values given shall be used as maximum precision limits for concrete c

37、onsolidated by rodding.10.1.2 The single operator-day-multibatch standard deviation (1s) has been found to be 0.71 % for a bleeding range from 0 to10 %, 1.06 % for a bleeding range from 10 to 20 %, and 1.77 % for more than 20 %. Therefore, results of two properly conductedtests by the same operator

38、on the same day on different batches of the same mixture are not expected to differ by more than 2.0 %(d2s) for a bleeding range from 0 to 10 %, 3.0 % for a range from 10 to 20 %, and 5.0 % for more than 20 %. (See Note 12.)NOTE 2These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits as de

39、scribed in Practice C670.10.2 BiasThe test method has no bias because the values determined can be defined only in terms of the test method.11. Keywords11.1 bleeding; concrete, bleeding ofSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the

40、last issue,C232/C232M 13a, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved October 1, 2013.)(1) Revised sections 1.3, 2.1, 5.2, 6.1, and 8.2.(2) Added Section 3, Terminology.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the last

41、issue,C232/C232M 13, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved August 1, 2013.)(1) Revised 4.1 to remove the description of smooth.C232/C232M 13b3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this sta

42、ndard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be revi

43、ewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsibl

44、e technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con

45、shohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C232/C232M 13b4