1、Designation: C 233 07Standard Test Method forAir-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 233; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the testing of materials pro-posed for
3、use as air-entraining admixtures in the field.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationpurposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespo
4、nsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The text of this test method references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding
5、those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete
6、(UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard-ened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concre
7、teC 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 231 Test Meth
8、od for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 232 Test Methods for Bleeding of ConcreteC 260 Specification forAir-EntrainingAdmixtures for Con-creteC 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC 666/C 666M Test Method for Resistance
9、of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass Electrode2.2 ACI Standards:
10、ACI 211.1 Recommended Practice for Selecting Propor-tions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete33. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is used to develop data for comparisonwith the requirements of Specification C 260. These tests arebased on arbitrary stipulations permitting highly standa
11、rdizedtesting in the laboratory, and are not intended to simulate actualjob conditions.4. Materials4.1 CementThe cement used in any series of tests shall beeither the cement proposed for specific work in accordancewith 4.4, a Type I or Type II cement conforming to Specifica-tion C 150, or a blend of
12、 two or more cements, in equal parts.Each cement of the blend shall conform to the requirements ofeither Type I or Type II, Specification C 150. If a blend ofcements is used, it shall be a combination which produces an1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and C
13、oncrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.Current edition approved July 15, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 233 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.a
14、stm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3American Concrete Institute Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 1, pp. 211-1 to211-38 (1993).1*A Summary of Changes section
15、 appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.air content of less than 10 % when tested in accordance withTest Method C 185 (Note 4).4.2 AggregatesExcept when tests are made in accordancewith 4.4
16、, using the aggregates proposed for specific work, thefine and coarse aggregates used in any series of tests shall comefrom single lots of well-graded, sound materials that conformto the requirements of Specification C33, except that thegrading of the aggregates shall conform to the followingrequire
17、ments:4.2.1 Fine Aggregate GradingThe fine aggregate shallmeet the requirements for the fine aggregate in SpecificationC33.4.2.2 Coarse Aggregate GradingThe coarse aggregategrading shall meet the Size 57 grading requirements ofSpecification C33.NOTE 1Take care in loading and delivery to avoid segreg
18、ation.4.2.3 The coarse aggregate used for the reference concreteand test concretes shall be essentially the same. Providesufficient coarse aggregate for the reference concrete, the testconcrete, and for the grading analysis. Concrete consists of onereference concrete and as many test admixture-conta
19、iningconcretes as are intended to be compared.4.2.3.1 Prepare required quantities of coarse aggregate asfollows: Fill tared containers, one for sieve analysis, one for abatch of reference concrete, and one for a batch of testconcrete, to the required mass from the aggregate stockpile(See Note 2). Ac
20、complish this by placing equal quantities intoeach container, successively, and repeat the procedure until allthe containers have their required mass (See Note 2).NOTE 2See the Appendix of Practice D75, Sampling from Stock-piles, and the section on SamplingAggregates in the Manual ofAggregateand Con
21、crete Testing4for guidance on procedures for sampling fromstockpiles.4.2.4 Perform sieve analysis on the coarse aggregate sampleprepared in 4.2.3.1 by Test Method C 136. Discard any set forwhich the sample does not comply with Size 57. Average testresults for samples that comply with Size 57 for eac
22、h sievesize. Discard any set for which the sample deviates from thisaverage by more than the amount shown in column 3. Continuethe process of preparation, testing and averaging until sufficientsets of aggregate within tolerance are obtained.SieveSpecification C33, No. 57Percent PassingMaximum variat
23、ion fromaverage/passing37.5-mm 100 0025.0-mm 95 to 100 1.012.5-mm 25 to 60 4.04.75-mm 0 to 10 4.02.36-mm 0 to 5 1.0NOTE 3All of the results required for demonstrating complianceunder this specification are dependent on the uniformity of the aggregatesamples prepared and used. Careful, skilled and we
24、ll-supervised work isessential.4.3 Reference AdmixtureFor this test method, unless oth-erwise requested by the purchaser, the reference admixtureused in the concrete mixture specified in Section 4 shall be“neutralized Vinsol resin.”54.4 Materials for Tests for Specific UsesWhen it is desiredto test
25、an air-entraining admixture for use in specific work, thecement and aggregates used shall be representative of thoseproposed for use in the work, and the concrete mixtures shallbe designed to have the cement content specified for use in thework (Note 4). If the maximum size of coarse aggregate isgre
26、ater than 25.0 mm (1 in.), the freshly mixed concrete shallbe screened over a 25.0-mm (1-in.) sieve prior to fabricatingthe test specimens in accordance with the wet sieving proce-dure described in Practice C 172.4.5 Preparation and WeighingAll materials shall be pre-pared and all weighings shall be
27、 made as prescribed in PracticeC 192/C 192M.NOTE 4It is recommended that whenever practicable, tests be made inaccordance with 4.4 using the cement and pozzolanic or chemicaladmixtures, if any, proposed for specific work.5. Concrete Mixtures5.1 ProportionsUsing ACI 211.1, all concrete shall bepropor
28、tioned to conform to the following requirements:5.1.1 The cement content shall be 307 6 3 kg/m3(517 6 5lb/yd3) except when tests are being made for specific uses (see4.4).5.1.2 The first trial mixture shall contain the amount ofcoarse aggregate shown in Table 6.3.6 of ACI 211.1 for themaximum size o
29、f aggregate and for the fineness modulus of thesand being used.4Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTMStandards , Vol 04.02.5The sole source of supply of Vinsol resin known to the committee at this timeis Hercules Inc., Wilmington, DE. If you are aware of alternative suppliers
30、, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend. Neutralization may be accomplished by treating 100 parts ofthe Vinsol resin with 9 to 15 parts of NaOH by we
31、ight. In an aqueous solution, theratio of reagent water (See Specification D 1193) to the resinate shall not exceed12:1 by weight.C233072NOTE 5The volumes of coarse aggregate recommended in ACI 211.1are intended to ensure workable mixtures with the least favorablecombinations of aggregate likely to
32、be used. It is suggested, therefore, thatfor a closer approximation of the proportions required for this test, therecommended values in ACI 211.1 be multiplied by 1.07 for the first trialmixture.5.1.3 The air content used in the computation of proportionsfor all concrete shall be 5.5 % except where
33、the admixtureunder test is for use in specific work (see 4.4). In this case theair content used in selecting proportions shall be the median ofthe range to be permitted in the work. If lightweight aggregatesare to be used in specific work, the unit weight of concrete usedin selecting proportions sha
34、ll be the median of the rangepermitted in the work.5.1.4 The water content and sand content shall be adjustedto obtain a slump of 90 6 15 mm (312 612 in.). Theworkability of the concrete mixture shall be suitable forconsolidation by hand rodding and the concrete mixture shallhave the minimum water c
35、ontent possible. These conditionsshall be achieved by final adjustments in the proportion of fineaggregate to total aggregate, in the amount of total aggregate,or both, while maintaining the yield and slump in the requiredranges.5.2 ConditionsConcrete mixtures shall be prepared bothwith the air-entr
36、aining admixture under test and with thereference admixture. The admixtures shall be added in theamounts necessary to produce the air content selected inaccordance with 5.1.3 within a tolerance of 60.5 % of thevolume of concrete.6. Mixing6.1 Machine mix the concrete as prescribed in PracticeC 192/C
37、192M.7. Tests and Properties of Freshly Mixed Concrete7.1 Test samples of freshly mixed concrete from at leastthree separate batches for each condition of concrete inaccordance with the following methods and the minimumnumber of tests shall be as prescribed in Table 1.7.1.1 SlumpTest Method C 143/C
38、143M.7.1.2 Air ContentTest Method C 231. When lightweightaggregates, air-cooled blast furnace slag, or aggregates of highporosity, for which the aggregate correction factor defined inTest Method C 231 exceeds 0.5 %, are used under the provi-sions of 4.4, use Test Method C 173/C 173M.7.1.3 BleedingTe
39、st Methods C 232.7.1.4 Time of SettingTest Method C 403/C 403M, exceptthat the temperature of each of the ingredients of the concretemixtures, just prior to mixing, and the temperature at which thetime of setting specimens are stored during the test period shallbe 23.06 2C(736 3 F).8. Preparation of
40、 Test Specimens8.1 Specimens for test of hardened concrete, representingeach test and age of test and each condition of concrete beingcompared, shall be made from at least three separate batches,and the minimum number of specimens shall be as prescribedin Table 1. On a given day at least one specime
41、n shall be madefor each test and age of test from each condition of concreteexcept that at least two specimens for the freezing and thawingtest shall be made from each condition of concrete. Thepreparation of all specimens shall be completed in three days ofmixing.8.2 Manifestly Faulty SpecimensEach
42、 group of specimensrepresenting a given test or a given age of test, including testsof freshly mixed concrete, shall be examined visually before orduring the test, or both, whichever is appropriate. Discard anyspecimen found to be manifestly faulty by such examinationwithout testing. Visually examin
43、e all specimens representing agiven test at a given age after testing, and should any specimenbe found to be manifestly faulty, the test results thereof shall bedisregarded. Should more than one specimen representing agiven test at a given age be found manifestly faulty, eitherbefore or after testin
44、g, the entire test shall be disregarded andrepeated. The test result reported shall be the average of theindividual test results of the specimens tested or, in the eventthat one specimen or one result has been discarded, it shall bethe average of the test results of the remaining specimens.9. Test S
45、pecimens of Hardened Concrete9.1 Number of SpecimensMake six or more test speci-mens for the freezing and thawing test and three or more testspecimens for each other type of test and age of test specifiedin Table 1 for each condition of concrete to be compared.TABLE 1 Types and Minimum Number of Spe
46、cimens and TestsTestNumber ofTypes ofSpecimensANumber ofTest AgesNumber ofConditions ofConcreteBMinimumNumber ofSpecimensSlump 1 1 2CAir content 1 1 2CBleeding 1 1 2 6Time of setting 1D26Compressive strength 1 3 2 18Flexural strengthE13218Freezing and thawing 1 1 2 12FLength changeE112 6ASee Section
47、 7 and 9.2.BSee 4.2.CDetermined on each batch of concrete mixed.DSee 7.1.4.EOptional tests, see 10.1.5.FSpecimens for duplicate tests from each batch.C2330739.2 Types of SpecimensPrepare specimens made fromconcrete with and without the air-entraining admixture undertest in accordance with the follow
48、ing:9.2.1 Compressive StrengthMake and cure test specimensin accordance with Practice C 192/C 192M.9.2.2 Flexural StrengthMake and cure test specimens inaccordance with Practice C 192/C 192M.9.2.3 Resistance to Freezing and ThawingTest specimensshall consist of prisms made and cured in accordance wi
49、th theapplicable requirement of Practice C 192/C 192M. Test speci-men dimensions shall be as required by Test Method C 666/C 666M. Make one set of specimens from the concrete mixturecontaining the air-entraining admixture under test and from thereference concrete mixture, the air content of each mixturebeing as specified in 5.2.9.2.4 Length ChangeMake and cure test specimens inaccordance with Test Method C 157/C 157M. The moist-curing period, including the period in the molds, shall be 14days.10. Tests on Hardened Concrete10.1 Test specimens of hardened c
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