ASTM C33 C33M-2018 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates《混凝土骨料标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: C33/C33M 18Standard Specification forConcrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C33/C33M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses

2、indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification defines the requirements for gradingand quality of fine and coarse aggregate (other than lightweightor heavyweight aggregate) for use in

3、concrete.21.2 This specification is for use by a contractor, concretesupplier, or other purchaser as part of the purchase documentdescribing the material to be furnished.NOTE 1This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfac-tory materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for c

4、ertain work orin certain regions, it may be either more or less restrictive than needed. Forexample, where aesthetics are important, more restrictive limits may beconsidered regarding impurities that would stain the concrete surface. Thespecifier should ascertain that aggregates specified are or can

5、 be madeavailable in the area of the work, with regard to grading, physical, orchemical properties, or combination thereof.1.3 This specification is also for use in project specificationsto define the quality of aggregate, the nominal maximum sizeof the aggregate, and other specific grading requirem

6、ents.Those responsible for selecting the proportions for the concretemixture shall have the responsibility of determining the pro-portions of fine and coarse aggregate and the addition ofblending aggregate sizes if required or approved.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare

7、to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and

8、footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization establishe

9、d in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)and Voids in Ag

10、gregateC40/C40M Test Method for Organic Impurities in FineAggregates for ConcreteC87/C87M Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities inFine Aggregate on Strength of MortarC88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use ofSodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateC117 Test Method for Materials Finer th

11、an 75-m (No. 200)Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by WashingC123/C123M Test Method for Lightweight Particles in Ag-gregateC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC131/C131M Test Method for Resistance to Degradation ofSmall-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact inthe Los Angel

12、es MachineC136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine andCoarse AggregatesC142/C142M Test Method for Clay Lumps and FriableParticles in AggregatesC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesC295/C295M Guide for Petrographic Examination of Ag-gregates for ConcreteC330/

13、C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates forStructural ConcreteC331/C331M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates forConcrete Masonry UnitsC332 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulat-ing Concrete1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and C

14、oncrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.20 on Aggregates.Current edition approved March 15, 2018. Published April 2018. Originallyapproved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C33/C33M 161.DOI: 10.1520/C0033_C0033M-18.2For lightweight aggregates, see Spec

15、ifications C330/C330M, C331/C331M,and C332; for heavyweight aggregates see Specification C637 and DescriptiveNomenclature C638.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information

16、, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance

17、with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1C535 Test Method for Resistance to Deg

18、radation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the LosAngeles MachineC637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-ShieldingConcreteC638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre-gates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRa

19、pid Freezing and ThawingC1778 Guide for Reducing the Risk of Deleterious Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in ConcreteD75/D75M Practice for Sampling AggregatesD422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils (With-drawn 2016)4D2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils andFine AggregateD3665 Pr

20、actice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-terialsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves2.2 Other Standards:AASHTO T 330 Method of Test for the Qualitative Detec-tion of Harmful Clays of the Smectite Group in Aggre-gates Using Methylene Blue53. Terminology3.1 For definit

21、ions of terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aggregate, recycled, ngranular material that hasbeen diverted, separated, or removed from the solid wastestream, and processed for use in the form of raw materials orproducts.4. Ord

22、ering and Specifying Information4.1 The direct purchaser of aggregates shall include theinformation in 4.2 in the purchase order as applicable.Aprojectspecifier shall include in the project documents information todescribe the aggregate to be used in the project from theapplicable items in 4.3.4.2 I

23、nclude in the purchase order for aggregates the follow-ing information, as applicable:4.2.1 Reference to this specification, as C33_,4.2.2 Whether the order is for fine aggregate or for coarseaggregate,4.2.3 Quantity, in metric tons or tons,4.2.4 When the order is for fine aggregate:4.2.4.1 Requirem

24、ents for alkali-aggregate reactivity (see7.3),4.2.4.2 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see 8.1)which salt is to be used. If none is stated, either sodium sulfateor magnesium sulfate shall be used,4.2.4.3 The appropriate limit for material finer than 75-m(No. 200) sieve (see Table 1). If no

25、t stated, the 3.0 % limit shallapply,4.2.4.4 The appropriate limit for coal and lignite (see Table2). If not stated, the 1.0 % limit shall apply,4.2.5 When the order is for coarse aggregate:4.2.5.1 The grading (size number) (see 10.1 and Table 3), oralternate grading as agreed between the purchaser

26、and aggre-gate supplier.4.2.5.2 The class designation (see 11.1 and Table 4),4.2.5.3 Requirements for alkali-aggregate reactivity (see11.2),4.2.5.4 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see Table4), which salt is to be used. If none is stated, either sodiumsulfate or magnesium sulfate shall be

27、used, and4.2.6 Any exceptions or additions to this specification (seeNote 1).4.3 Include in project specifications for aggregates thefollowing information, as applicable:4.3.1 Reference to this specification, as C33_.4.3.2 When the aggregate being described is fine aggregate:4.3.2.1 Requirements for

28、 alkali-aggregate reactivity (see7.3),4.3.2.2 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see 8.1)which salt is to be used. If none is stated, either sodium sulfateor magnesium sulfate shall be used.4.3.2.3 The appropriate limit for material finer than the75-m (No. 200) sieve (see Table 1). If not st

29、ated, the 3.0 %limit shall apply, and4.3.2.4 The limit that applies with regard to coal and lignite(Table 2). If not stated, the 1.0 % limit shall apply.4.3.3 When the aggregate being described is coarseaggregate, include:4.3.3.1 The nominal maximum size or sizes permitted,based on thickness of sect

30、ion or spacing of reinforcing bars orother criteria. In lieu of stating the nominal maximum size, thespecifier shall designate an appropriate size number or numbers(see 10.1 and Table 3). Designation of a size number to indicatea nominal size shall not restrict the person responsible forselecting pr

31、oportions from combining two or more gradings ofaggregate to obtain a desired grading, provided that the4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5AASHTO Standard Specifications, Part 2B: Tests.Available from AmericanAssociation of State Highway and Transpor

32、tation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N.Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001, http:/www.transportation.org.TABLE 1 Grading Requirements for Fine AggregateSieve (Specification E11) Percent Passing9.5-mm (38-in.) 1004.75-mm (No. 4) 95 to 1002.36-mm (No. 8) 80 to 1001.18-mm (No. 16) 50 to 85600-m

33、(No. 30) 25 to 60300-m (No. 50) 5 to 30150-m (No. 100) 0 to 1075-m (No. 200) 0 to 3.0A,BAFor concrete not subject to abrasion, the limit for material finer than the 75-m(No. 200) sieve shall be 5.0 % maximum.BFor manufactured fine or other recycled aggregate, if the material finer than the75-m (No.

34、200) sieve consists of the dust of fracture, essentially free of clay orshale, this limit shall be 5.0% for concrete subject to abrasion, and 7% maximumfor concrete not subject to abrasion.C33/C33M 182gradings are not otherwise restricted by the project specifierand the nominal maximum size indicate

35、d by the size number isnot exceeded,4.3.3.2 The class designation (see 11.1 and Table 4),4.3.3.3 Requirements for alkali-aggregate reactivity (see11.2),4.3.3.4 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see Table4), which salt is to be used. If none is stated, either sodiumsulfate or magnesium sulfa

36、te shall be used, and4.3.4 The person responsible for selecting the concreteproportions if other than the concrete producer.4.3.5 Any exceptions or additions to this specification (seeNote 1).FINE AGGREGATE5. General Characteristics5.1 Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, manufac-tured sand

37、, or other recycled aggregate, or a combinationthereof.NOTE 2This standard only addresses properties of aggregates consid-ered necessary for use in concrete and the associated test methodscontained within this standard. Certain recycled aggregate sources maycontain materials and properties not addre

38、ssed as part of the documentspecifications, limits, or test methods. Recycled aggregates may requireevaluation for environmental considerations (air quality, water quality,storage) using the appropriate local, state, and federal test methods ineffect at the time of use.6. Grading6.1 Sieve AnalysisFi

39、ne aggregate, except as provided in6.2 and 6.3 shall be graded within the limits in Table 1.NOTE 3Concrete with fine aggregate gradings near the minimums forpercent passing the 300 m (No.50) and 150 m (No.100) sometimes havedifficulties with workability, pumping or excessive bleeding. The additionof

40、 entrained air, additional cement, or the addition of an approved mineraladmixture to supply the deficient fines, are methods used to alleviate suchdifficulties.6.2 The fine aggregate shall have not more than 45 %passing any sieve and retained on the next consecutive sieve ofthose shown in 6.1, and

41、its fineness modulus shall be not lessthan 2.3 nor more than 3.1.6.3 Fine aggregate failing to meet these grading require-ments shall meet the requirements of this section provided thatthe supplier can demonstrate to the purchaser or specifier thatconcrete of the class specified, made with fine aggr

42、egate underconsideration, will have relevant properties (see Note 6)atleast equal to those of concrete made with the sameingredients, with the exception that the reference fine aggregateshall be selected from a source having an acceptable perfor-mance record in similar concrete construction.NOTE 4Ma

43、nufactured fine aggregate having elevated proportions ofmaterial passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve may need further evaluation toensure that material passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve is essentiallycomposed of dust of fracture derived from the parent rock in the crushingoperation, and does not contain

44、 an appreciable level of clay minerals orother deleterious constituents as described in Descriptive NomenclatureC294. Because some of the dust of fracture may occur in the clay sizerange, defined here as material finer than 2 m, care must be taken toproperly differentiate these clay-sized materials

45、from clay minerals.Natural fine aggregate with elevated proportions of material passing the75-m (No. 200) sieve may have higher potential for clay mineral content.Various means are available for characterizing these fines, such aspetrographic analysis (Guide C295/C295M), sand equivalent determina-ti

46、on (Test Method D2419), hydrometer analysis (Test Method D422),methylene blue adsorption determination (AASHTO T 330) and X-raydiffraction analysis. While these techniques are useful for investigativepurposes, no specific limits have been established for prediction ofperformance of these materials i

47、n concrete under various intended serviceconditions. Methylene blue adsorption and hydrometer analyses arebelieved to be two relatively quick and reliable tests for characterizationof material passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve to determine suitability foruse in concrete. Research (1,2) has indicated

48、that manufactured fineaggregate with less than 4 % by mass finer than 2 m, and with methyleneblue adsorption values less than 5 mg/g generally is suitable for use inconcrete. Fine aggregate that exceeds these values also may be suitable foruse provided that fresh and hardened concrete properties are

49、 shown to beacceptable.NOTE 5Fine aggregate that conforms to the grading requirements ofa specification, prepared by another organization such as a state transpor-tation agency, which is in general use in the area, should be considered ashaving a satisfactory service record with regard to those concreteproperties affected by grading.NOTE 6Relevant properties are those properties of the concrete thatare important to the particular application being considered. STP 169D6provides a discussion of important concrete properties.6.4 For continuing shipment