ASTM C39 C39M-2014a Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens《圆柱形混凝土试样抗压强度的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: C39/C39M 14C39/C39M 14aStandard Test Method forCompressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C39/C39M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye

2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers d

3、etermination of compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens such as molded cylindersand drilled cores. It is limited to concrete having a density in excess of 800 kg/m3 50 lb/ft3.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The in

4、ch-pound units areshown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all

5、of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningMeans should be provided to contain concrete fragments dur

6、ing sudden rupture of specimens.Tendency for sudden rupture increases with increasing concrete strength and it is more likely when the testing machine is relativelyflexible. The safety precautions given in the Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing are recommended.)WarningMeansshould be provided t

7、o contain concrete fragments during sudden rupture of specimens. Tendency for sudden rupture increases withincreasing concrete strength and it is more likely when the testing machine is relatively flexible. The safety precautions given inthe Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing are recommended.)

8、1.4 The text of this standard references notes which provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered asrequirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC42/C42M Test Method for Obtain

9、ing and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryC617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC87

10、3 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders Cast in Place in Cylindrical MoldsC1077 Practice forAgencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for TestingAgencyEvaluationC1231/C1231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps in Determination of Compres

11、sive Strength of Hardened Concrete CylindersE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing MachinesManual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method co

12、nsists of applying a compressive axial load to molded cylinders or cores at a rate which is within aprescribed range until failure occurs. The compressive strength of the specimen is calculated by dividing the maximum loadattained during the test by the cross-sectional area of the specimen.1 This te

13、st method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.61 onTesting for Strength.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014June 1, 2014. Published February 2014June 2014. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous

14、 edition approved in 20122014 asC39/C39M12a. DOI: 10.1520/C0039_C0039M-14. 14. DOI: 10.1520/C0039_C0039M-14A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the stan

15、dards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurate

16、ly, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri

17、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Significance and Use4.1 Care must be exercised in the interpretation of the significance of compressive strength determinations by this test methodsince strength is not a fundamental or intrinsic property of concrete made from given

18、 materials. Values obtained will depend onthe size and shape of the specimen, batching, mixing procedures, the methods of sampling, molding, and fabrication and the age,temperature, and moisture conditions during curing.4.2 This test method is used to determine compressive strength of cylindrical sp

19、ecimens prepared and cured in accordance withPractices C31/C31M, C192/C192M, C617, and C1231/C1231M and Test Methods C42/C42M and C873.4.3 The results of this test method are used as a basis for quality control of concrete proportioning, mixing, and placingoperations; determination of compliance wit

20、h specifications; control for evaluating effectiveness of admixtures; and similar uses.4.4 The individual who tests concrete cylinders for acceptance testing shall meet the concrete laboratory technicianrequirements of Practice C1077, including an examination requiring performance demonstration that

21、 is evaluated by anindependent examiner.NOTE 1Certification equivalent to the minimum guidelines for ACI Concrete Laboratory Technician, Level I or ACI Concrete Strength TestingTechnician will satisfy this requirement.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing MachineThe testing machine shall be of a type having suffi

22、cient capacity and capable of providing the rates ofloading prescribed in 7.5.5.1.1 Verify calibration the accuracy of the testing machinesmachine in accordance with Practices E4, except that the verifiedloading range shall be as required in 5.3. Verification is required:5.1.1.1 Within 13 months of

23、the last calibration,5.1.1.2 On original installation or immediately after relocation,5.1.1.3 Immediately after making repairs or adjustments that affect the operation of the force applying system or the valuesdisplayed on the load indicating system, except for zero adjustments that compensate for t

24、he mass of bearing blocks or specimen,or both, or5.1.1.4 Whenever there is reason to suspect the accuracy of the indicated loads.5.1.2 DesignThe design of the machine must include the following features:5.1.2.1 The machine must be power operated and must apply the load continuously rather than inter

25、mittently, and without shock.If it has only one loading rate (meeting the requirements of 7.5), it must be provided with a supplemental means for loading ata rate suitable for verification. This supplemental means of loading may be power or hand operated.5.1.2.2 The space provided for test specimens

26、 shall be large enough to accommodate, in a readable position, an elasticcalibration device which is of sufficient capacity to cover the potential loading range of the testing machine and which complieswith the requirements of Practice E74.NOTE 2The types of elastic calibration devices most generall

27、y available and most commonly used for this purpose are the circular proving ring orload cell.5.1.3 AccuracyThe accuracy of the testing machine shall be in accordance with the following provisions:5.1.3.1 The percentage of error for the loads within the proposed range of use of the testing machine s

28、hall not exceed 61.0 %of the indicated load.5.1.3.2 The accuracy of the testing machine shall be verified by applying five test loads in four approximately equal incrementsin ascending order. The difference between any two successive test loads shall not exceed one third of the difference between th

29、emaximum and minimum test loads.5.1.3.3 The test load as indicated by the testing machine and the applied load computed from the readings of the verificationdevice shall be recorded at each test point. Calculate the error, E, and the percentage of error, Ep, for each point from these dataas follows:

30、E 5A 2B (1)Ep 5100A 2B!/Bwhere:A = load, kN lbf indicated by the machine being verified, andB = applied load, kN lbf as determined by the calibrating device.5.1.3.4 The report on the verification of a testing machine shall state within what loading range it was found to conform tospecification requi

31、rements rather than reporting a blanket acceptance or rejection. In no case shall the loading range be stated asincluding loads below the value which is 100 times the smallest change of load estimable on the load-indicating mechanism ofthe testing machine or loads within that portion of the range be

32、low 10 % of the maximum range capacity.C39/C39M 14a25.1.3.5 In no case shall the loading range be stated as including loads outside the range of loads applied during the verificationtest.5.1.3.6 The indicated load of a testing machine shall not be corrected either by calculation or by the use of a c

33、alibration diagramto obtain values within the required permissible variation.5.2 The testing machine shall be equipped with two steel bearing blocks with hardened faces (Note 3), one of which is aspherically seated block that will bear on the upper surface of the specimen, and the other a solid bloc

34、k on which the specimenshall rest. Bearing faces of the blocks shall have a minimum dimension at least 3 % greater than the diameter of the specimen tobe tested. Except for the concentric circles described below, the bearing faces shall not depart from a plane by more than 0.02 mm0.001 in. in any 15

35、0 mm 6 in. of blocks 150 mm 6 in. in diameter or larger, or by more than 0.02 mm 0.001 in. in thediameter of any smaller block; and new blocks shall be manufactured within one half of this tolerance. When the diameter of thebearing face of the spherically seated block exceeds the diameter of the spe

36、cimen by more than 13 mm 0.5 in., concentric circlesnot more than 0.8 mm 0.03 in. deep and not more than 1 mm 0.04 in. wide shall be inscribed to facilitate proper centering.NOTE 3It is desirable that the bearing faces of blocks used for compression testing of concrete have a Rockwell hardness of no

37、t less than 55 HRC.5.2.1 Bottom bearing blocks shall conform to the following requirements:5.2.1.1 The bottom bearing block is specified for the purpose of providing a readily machinable surface for maintenance of thespecified surface conditions (Note 4). The top and bottom surfaces shall be paralle

38、l to each other. If the testing machine is sodesigned that the platen itself is readily maintained in the specified surface condition, a bottom block is not required. Its leasthorizontal dimension shall be at least 3 % greater than the diameter of the specimen to be tested. Concentric circles as des

39、cribedin 5.2 are optional on the bottom block.NOTE 4The block may be fastened to the platen of the testing machine.5.2.1.2 Final centering must be made with reference to the upper spherical block. When the lower bearing block is used to assistin centering the specimen, the center of the concentric r

40、ings, when provided, or the center of the block itself must be directly belowthe center of the spherical head. Provision shall be made on the platen of the machine to assure such a position.5.2.1.3 The bottom bearing block shall be at least 25 mm 1 in. thick when new, and at least 22.5 mm 0.9 in. th

41、ick after anyresurfacing operations.5.2.2 The spherically seated bearing block shall conform to the following requirements:5.2.2.1 The maximum diameter of the bearing face of the suspended spherically seated block shall not exceed the values givenbelow:Diameter of Maximum DiameterTest Specimens, of

42、Bearing Face,mm in. mm in.50 2 105 475 3 130 5100 4 165 6.5150 6 255 10200 8 280 11NOTE 5Square bearing faces are permissible, provided the diameter of the largest possible inscribed circle does not exceed the above diameter.5.2.2.2 The center of the sphere shall coincide with the surface of the bea

43、ring face within a tolerance of 65 % of the radius ofthe sphere. The diameter of the sphere shall be at least 75 % of the diameter of the specimen to be tested.5.2.2.3 The ball and the socket shall be designed so that the steel in the contact area does not permanently deform when loadedto the capaci

44、ty of the testing machine.NOTE 6The preferred contact area is in the form of a ring (described as “preferred bearing area”) as shown on Fig. 1.5.2.2.4 At least every six months, or as specified by the manufacturer of the testing machine, clean and lubricate the curvedsurfaces of the socket and of th

45、e spherical portion of the machine. The lubricant shall be a petroleum-type oil such as conventionalmotor oil or as specified by the manufacturer of the testing machine.NOTE 7To ensure uniform seating, the spherically seated head is designed to tilt freely as it comes into contact with the top of th

46、e specimen. Aftercontact, further rotation is undesirable. Friction between the socket and the spherical portion of the head provides restraint against further rotation duringloading. Petroleum-type oil such as conventional motor oil has been shown to permit the necessary friction to develop. Pressu

47、re-type greases can reducethe desired friction and permit undesired rotation of the spherical head and should not be used unless recommended by the manufacturer of the testingmachine.5.2.2.5 If the radius of the sphere is smaller than the radius of the largest specimen to be tested, the portion of t

48、he bearing faceextending beyond the sphere shall have a thickness not less than the difference between the radius of the sphere and radius of thespecimen. The least dimension of the bearing face shall be at least as great as the diameter of the sphere (see Fig. 1).5.2.2.6 The movable portion of the

49、bearing block shall be held closely in the spherical seat, but the design shall be such thatthe bearing face can be rotated freely and tilted at least 4 in any direction.C39/C39M 14a35.2.2.7 If the ball portion of the upper bearing block is a two-piece design composed of a spherical portion and a bearing plate,a mechanical means shall be provided to ensure that the spherical portion is fixed and centered on the bearing plate.5.3 Load Indication:5.3.1 If the load of a compression machine used in concrete testing is re