1、Designation: C 430 96 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forFineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. 325) Sieve1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 430; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the fine-ness of hydraulic cement by means of the 45-m (No. 325)
3、sieve.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units may beapproximate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establ
4、ish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes2E 161 Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves2E 177 Practice for Us
5、e of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods23. Apparatus3.1 Sieve:3.1.1 Sieve FrameThe sieve frame shall be of metal notsubject to corrosion by water and shall be circular, either 51 66 mm (2.0 6 0.25 in.) when woven-wire cloth is mounted inthe frame or 76 6 6 mm (3.0 6 0.25 in.) in diamet
6、er when anelectroformed sheet is mounted in the frame. The depth of thesieve from the top of the frame to the cloth or sheet shall be 766 6 mm (3.0 6 0.25 in.). The frame shall have either side wallsof 89 6 6 mm (3.5 6 0.25 in.) in total height, or legs at least12 mm (0.5 in.) in length, sufficient
7、to allow air circulationbeneath the sieve cloth or electroformed sheet.3.1.2 Sieve Cloth or Electroformed SheetThe sieve frameshall be fitted with either a 45-m (No. 325) stainless steel AISIType 304 woven-wire sieve cloth, conforming to the require-ments of Specification E 11 or a 45-m electroforme
8、d rein-forced nickel sieve sheet conforming to the requirements ofSpecification E 161 with the exception that the number ofopenings shall be 71 6 2 per linear centimetre (180 6 5 perlinear inch).3.1.3 Cloth or Sheet Mounting:3.1.3.1 Woven-Wire Cloth MountingType 304 stainlesssteel woven-type cloth s
9、hall be mounted in the frame withoutdistortion, looseness, or wrinkling. For a sieve fabricated bysoldering the cloth to the frame, the joint shall be made smoothto prevent the cement from catching in the joints between thesieve cloth and the frame. Two-piece sieves shall clamp tightlyon the cloth t
10、o prevent the cement from catching in the jointsbetween the sieve cloth and the frame.3.1.3.2 Electroformed Sieve Sheet MountingElectroformed reinforced nickel sieve sheet shall be mountedin the frame without distortion, looseness, or wrinkling. Thejoint between the sieve cloth and the frame shall b
11、e madesmooth with a material impervious to water.3.2 Spray NozzleThe spray nozzle (Fig. 1) shall beconstructed of metal not subject to corrosion by water and shallbe 17.5 mm (0.69 in.) in inside diameter with a central holedrilled in line with the longitudinal axis, an intermediate row ofeight holes
12、 drilled 6 mm (0.23 in.) center-to-center at an angleof 5 from the longitudinal axis, and an outer row of eight holesdrilled 11 mm (0.44 in.) center-to-center at an angle of 10from the longitudinal axis. All holes shall be 0.5 mm (0.02 in.)in diameter. The spray nozzle shall have been checked within
13、six months prior to testing a cement sample to ensure that theflow rate is between 1500 and 3000 g/min at 69 6 3 kPa (106 0.4 psi).3.3 Pressure GageThe pressure gage shall be 76 mm (3.0in.) minimum diameter, and shall be graduated in 7-kPa (1-psi)increments, and shall have a maximum capacity of 207
14、kPa (30psi). The accuracy at 69 kPa (10 psi) shall be 62 kPa (60.25psi).4. Calibration of 45-m (No. 325) Sieve4.1 Place 1.000 g of the current lot of National Institute ofStandards and Technology standard sample No. 114 on theclean, dry, 45-m (No. 325) sieve and proceed as in Section 5.The sieve cor
15、rection factor is the difference between the testresidue obtained and the assigned residue value indicated by1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.25 on Fineness.Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Publishe
16、d August 2003. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as C 430 96.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the electroformed sheet sieve fineness specified
17、for the stan-dard sample, expressed as a percentage of the test residue.NOTE 1It should be observed that the sieve correction as specified isa factor to be multiplied by the residue obtained and that the amount to beadded to or subtracted from the residue in any given test is thereforeproportional t
18、o the amount of residue.Example of Determination of Sieve Correction Factor:Residue on 45-m (No. 325) Sieve, sample No. 114 12.2 %Residue for a 1-g sample 0.122 gResidue on sieve being calibrated 0.093 gDifference = + 0.029 gCorrection factor = + 0.029/0.093 3 100 = + 31.18 = + 31.2 %5. Procedure5.1
19、 Place a 1.000 g sample of the cement on the clean, dry45-m (No. 325) sieve. Wet the sample thoroughly with agentle stream of water. Remove the sieve from under thenozzle and adjust the pressure on the spray nozzle to 69 6 4kPa (10 6 0.5 psi). Return the sieve to its position under thenozzle and was
20、h for 1 min, moving the sieve with a circularmotion in a horizontal plane at the rate of one motion persecond in the spray. The bottom of the spray nozzle shouldextend below the top of the sieve frame about 12 mm (0.5 in.).Immediately upon removing the sieve from the spray, rinseonce with about 50 c
21、m3of distilled or deionized water, usingcaution not to lose any of the residue, and then blot the lowersurface gently upon a damp cloth. Dry the sieve and residue inan oven or over a hot plate (see Note 2), supporting the sievein such a manner that air may pass freely beneath it. Cool thesieve; then
22、 brush the residue from the sieve and weigh on ananalytical balance capable of reproducing results within 0.0005g.NOTE 2Care should be taken not to heat the sieve hot enough tosoften the solder.6. Cleaning of 45-m (No. 325) Sieves6.1 Frequency of Cleaning and CalibrationSieves fittedwith woven wire
23、sieve cloth shall be cleaned after no more thanfive determinations. Sieves fitted with an electroformed rein-forced sieve sheet having 71 openings per linear centimetreshall be cleaned after no more than three determinations. Bothtypes of sieves shall be recalibrated after no more than 100determinat
24、ions.6.2 Acceptable Cleaning ProceduresOne option forcleaning is to place the sieve in a low-power (150 W maximumpower input) ultrasonic bath containing an appropriate labora-tory cleaning solution. The bath is to be operated for sufficienttime (approximately 10 to 15 min at room temperature) toremo
25、ve particles lodged in the openings. Be apprised thatelectroformed sieve sheets containing more than 71 openingsper linear centimetre may well be damaged by ultrasoniccleaning. An option for cleaning which does not require anultrasonic bath can also be employed. Immerse the sieve in abath of appropr
26、iate laboratory cleaning solution heated to justbelow boiling point. Cover with a watch glass to reduceevaporation. Continue this soaking for a time sufficient toloosen lodged particles with a rinse following the bath.Overnight soaking in similar but unheated cleaning solutions isalso acceptable, pr
27、ovided a rinse following the bath is able towash away lodged particles. Cleaning or rinsing with dilutehydrochloric or acetic acid solutions is to be avoided. Appro-priate cleaning solutions are restricted to soap or detergent-typesolutions.7. Calculation7.1 Calculate the fineness of the cement to t
28、he nearest 0.1 %as follows:Rc5 Rs3 100 1 C! (1)F 5 100 Rc(2)where:F = fineness of the cement expressed as the correctedpercentage passing the 45-m (No. 325) sieve,Rc= corrected residue, %,Rs= residue from the sample retained on the 45-m (No.325) sieve, g, andC = sieve correction factor (determined a
29、s prescribed inSection 4) which may be either plus or minus.Example:Sieve correction factor, C = +31.2 %Residue from sample being tested, Rs= 0.088 gCorrected residue, Rc=0.088 3 (100 + 31.2)11.5 %Corrected amount passing, F = 100 11.5 % = 88.5 %8. Precision and Bias8.1 Normal Fineness ProductThe mu
30、ltilaboratory preci-sion has been found to be 60.75 % (IS) as defined in PracticeE 177, therefore, results of properly conducted tests from twodifferent laboratories on identical samples of cement shouldagree 95 % of the time within 62.1 %.8.2 High Fineness ProductThe multilaboratory precisionhas be
31、en found to be 60.50 % (IS) as defined in PracticeE 177; therefore, results of properly conducted tests from twoFIG. 1 Spray Nozzle with Seventeen 0.02-in. (0.51-mm) HolesC 430 96 (2003)2different laboratories on identical samples of cement shouldagree 95 % of the time within 61.4 %.NOTE 3The use of
32、 outside threads instead of inside threads as shownin this figure is permissible.8.3 Since there is no accepted reference material suitable fordetermining the bias for the procedure in this test method, nostatement on bias is being made.9. Keywords9.1 fineness of hydraulic cementASTM International t
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34、responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addr
35、essed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at
36、the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 430 96 (2003)3
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