1、Designation: C 430 08Standard Test Method forFineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. 325) Sieve1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 430; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the fine-ness of hydraulic cement by means of the 45-m (No. 325)sieve.1.2 The valu
3、es stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units may beapproximate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate s
4、afety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesE 161 Specification for Precision Electroformed SievesE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Preci
5、sion and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Apparatus3.1 Sieve:3.1.1 Sieve FrameThe sieve frame shall be of metal notsubject to corrosion by water and shall be circular, either 51 66 mm (2.0 6 0.25 in.) when woven-wire cloth is mounted inthe frame or 76 6 6 mm (3.0 6 0.25 in.) in diameter when anelectroform
6、ed sheet is mounted in the frame. The depth of thesieve from the top of the frame to the cloth or sheet shall be 766 6 mm (3.0 6 0.25 in.). The frame shall have either side wallsof 89 6 6 mm (3.5 6 0.25 in.) in total height, or legs at least12 mm (0.5 in.) in length, sufficient to allow air circulat
7、ionbeneath the sieve cloth or electroformed sheet.3.1.2 Sieve Cloth or Electroformed SheetThe sieve frameshall be fitted with either a 45-m (No. 325) stainless steelAISIType 304 woven-wire sieve cloth, conforming to the require-ments of Specification E11 or a 45-m electroformed rein-forced nickel si
8、eve sheet conforming to the requirements ofSpecification E 161 with the exception that the number ofopenings shall be 71 6 2 per linear centimetre (180 6 5 perlinear inch).3.1.3 Cloth or Sheet Mounting:3.1.3.1 Woven-Wire Cloth MountingType 304 stainlesssteel woven-type cloth shall be mounted in the
9、frame withoutdistortion, looseness, or wrinkling. For a sieve fabricated bysoldering the cloth to the frame, the joint shall be made smoothto prevent the cement from catching in the joints between thesieve cloth and the frame. Two-piece sieves shall clamp tightlyon the cloth to prevent the cement fr
10、om catching in the jointsbetween the sieve cloth and the frame.3.1.3.2 Electroformed Sieve Sheet MountingElectroformed reinforced nickel sieve sheet shall be mountedin the frame without distortion, looseness, or wrinkling. Thejoint between the sieve cloth and the frame shall be madesmooth with a mat
11、erial impervious to water.3.2 Spray NozzleThe spray nozzle (Fig. 1) shall beconstructed of metal not subject to corrosion by water and shallbe 17.5 mm (0.69 in.) in inside diameter with a central holedrilled in line with the longitudinal axis, an intermediate row ofeight holes drilled 6 mm (0.23 in.
12、) center-to-center at an angleof 5 from the longitudinal axis, and an outer row of eight holesdrilled 11 mm (0.44 in.) center-to-center at an angle of 10from the longitudinal axis. All holes shall be 0.5 mm (0.02 in.)in diameter. The spray nozzle shall have been checked withinsix months prior to tes
13、ting a cement sample to ensure that theflow rate is between 1500 and 3000 g/min at 69 6 3 kPa (106 0.4 psi).3.3 Pressure GageThe pressure gage shall be 76 mm (3.0in.) minimum diameter, and shall be graduated in 7-kPa (1-psi)increments, and shall have a maximum capacity of 207 kPa (30psi). The accura
14、cy at 69 kPa (10 psi) shall be 62 kPa (60.25psi).4. Calibration of 45-m (No. 325) Sieve4.1 Place 1.000 g of the current lot of National Institute ofStandards and Technology standard sample No. 114 or No. 46hon the clean, dry, 45-m (No. 325) sieve and proceed as inSection 5. The sieve correction fact
15、or is the difference between1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.25 on Fineness.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2003
16、 as C 430 96(2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at
17、the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the test residue obtained and the assigned residue valueindicated by the electroformed sheet sieve fineness specifiedfor the standard sample, expressed as a perc
18、entage of the testresidue.NOTE 1It should be observed that the sieve correction as specified isa factor to be multiplied by the residue obtained and that the amount to beadded to or subtracted from the residue in any given test is thereforeproportional to the amount of residue.Example of Determinati
19、on of Sieve Correction Factor:Residue on 45-m (No. 325) Sieve, sample No. 114or No. 46h12.2 %Residue for a 1-g sample 0.122 gResidue on sieve being calibrated 0.093 gDifference = + 0.029 gCorrection factor = + 0.029/0.093 3 100 = + 31.18 = + 31.2 %5. Procedure5.1 Place a 1.000 g sample of the cement
20、 on the clean, dry45-m (No. 325) sieve. Wet the sample thoroughly with agentle stream of water. Remove the sieve from under thenozzle and adjust the pressure on the spray nozzle to 69 6 4kPa (10 6 0.5 psi). Return the sieve to its position under thenozzle and wash for 1 min, moving the sieve with a
21、circularmotion in a horizontal plane at the rate of one motion persecond in the spray. The bottom of the spray nozzle shouldextend below the top of the sieve frame about 12 mm (0.5 in.).Immediately upon removing the sieve from the spray, rinseonce with about 50 cm3of distilled or deionized water, us
22、ingcaution not to lose any of the residue, and then blot the lowersurface gently upon a damp cloth. Dry the sieve and residue inan oven or over a hot plate (see Note 2), supporting the sievein such a manner that air may pass freely beneath it. Cool thesieve; then brush the residue from the sieve and
23、 weigh on ananalytical balance capable of reproducing results within 0.0005g.NOTE 2Care should be taken not to heat the sieve hot enough tosoften the solder.6. Cleaning of 45-m (No. 325) Sieves6.1 Frequency of Cleaning and CalibrationSieves fittedwith woven wire sieve cloth shall be cleaned after no
24、 more thanfive determinations. Sieves fitted with an electroformed rein-forced sieve sheet having 71 openings per linear centimetreshall be cleaned after no more than three determinations. Bothtypes of sieves shall be recalibrated after no more than 100determinations.6.2 Acceptable Cleaning Procedur
25、esOne option forcleaning is to place the sieve in a low-power (150 W maximumpower input) ultrasonic bath containing an appropriate labora-tory cleaning solution. The bath is to be operated for sufficienttime (approximately 10 to 15 min at room temperature) toremove particles lodged in the openings.
26、Be apprised thatelectroformed sieve sheets containing more than 71 openingsper linear centimetre may well be damaged by ultrasoniccleaning. An option for cleaning which does not require anultrasonic bath can also be employed. Immerse the sieve in abath of appropriate laboratory cleaning solution hea
27、ted to justbelow boiling point. Cover with a watch glass to reduceevaporation. Continue this soaking for a time sufficient toloosen lodged particles with a rinse following the bath.Overnight soaking in similar but unheated cleaning solutions isalso acceptable, provided a rinse following the bath is
28、able towash away lodged particles. Cleaning or rinsing with dilutehydrochloric or acetic acid solutions is to be avoided. Appro-priate cleaning solutions are restricted to soap or detergent-typesolutions.7. Calculation7.1 Calculate the fineness of the cement to the nearest 0.1 %as follows:Rc5 Rs3 10
29、0 1 C! (1)F 5 100 Rc(2)where:F = fineness of the cement expressed as the correctedpercentage passing the 45-m (No. 325) sieve,Rc= corrected residue, %,Rs= residue from the sample retained on the 45-m (No.325) sieve, g, andC = sieve correction factor (determined as prescribed inSection 4) which may b
30、e either plus or minus.Example:Sieve correction factor, C = +31.2 %Residue from sample being tested, Rs= 0.088 gCorrected residue, Rc=0.088 3 (100 + 31.2)11.5 %Corrected amount passing, F = 10011.5%=88.5%8. Precision and Bias8.1 Normal Fineness ProductThe multilaboratory preci-sion has been found to
31、 be 60.75 % (IS) as defined in PracticeE 177, therefore, results of properly conducted tests from twodifferent laboratories on identical samples of cement shouldagree 95 % of the time within 62.1 %.FIG. 1 Spray Nozzle with Seventeen 0.02-in. (0.51-mm) HolesC4300828.2 High Fineness ProductThe multila
32、boratory precisionhas been found to be 60.50 % (IS) as defined in PracticeE 177; therefore, results of properly conducted tests from twodifferent laboratories on identical samples of cement shouldagree 95 % of the time within 61.4 %.NOTE 3The use of outside threads instead of inside threads as shown
33、in this figure is permissible.8.3 Since there is no accepted reference material suitable fordetermining the bias for the procedure in this test method, nostatement on bias is being made.9. Keywords9.1 fineness of hydraulic cementSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C01 has identified the location of selected
34、 changes to this test method since the last issue,C 430 96(2003), that may impact the use of this test method. (Approved December 1, 2008)(1) Revised 4.1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.
35、Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed ev
36、ery five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible tech
37、nical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C430083
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