1、Designation: C 505 05aStandard Specification forNonreinforced Concrete Irrigation Pipe with Rubber GasketJoints1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipewith rubber gasket joints to be used for the conveyance ofirriga
3、tion water with working pressures, including hydraulictransients, as shown in Table 1.1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 505has been developedC 505M; therefore, no SI equivalents arepresented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is for manufacturing and purchase only anddoe
4、s not include requirements for bedding, backfill, installation, or fieldrepairs. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate field conditions withthe characteristics of the pipe specified and provide inspection duringinstallation.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Con
5、crete AggregatesC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or TileC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pip
6、e and RelatedProductsC 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcreteD 395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompressionSetD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber andThermoplasticElastomersTensio
7、nD 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 1149 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceOzone Cracking in a ChamberD 1415 Test Method for Rubber PropertyInternationalHardnessD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnes
8、s3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured in accordance with this specificationshall be known as “Standard Nonreinforced Concrete IrrigationPipe with Rubber Gasket Joints.”5. Basis of Acceptance5.1
9、The acceptability of the pipe, joint design, and gasketsshall be determined by the results of the tests prescribed in thisspecification, if and when required, and by inspection todetermine whether the pipe and gaskets conform to thespecification as to design and freedom from defects.1This specificat
10、ion is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onReinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain, and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published January 2006. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approve
11、d in 2005 as C 505 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.TABLE 1 Standard Dimensions, Working Pr
12、essures, and TestRequirementsInternalDesignatedDiameter,in.WallThickness,Ain.WorkingPressure,BftRequiredHydrostaticTestPressure,CpsiMinimumThree-Edge-BearingLoad,lbf/linear ft634 30 40 13008 1 30 40 135010 114 30 40 140012 112 30 40 150015 178 30 40 165018 214 30 40 180021 258 30 40 190024 3 30 40 2
13、000AThinner walls are not prohibited on pipe units not over 4 ft in length, but thethickness of such walls shall not be less than the internal diameter divided by 10.BWith the exception of 21 and 24-in. pipe, higher working pressures are notprohibited to be used up to a maximum of 50 ft for 6 throug
14、h 12-in. diameters, and40 ft for 15 through 18-in. diameters. In these cases the strength of the pipe shallbe increased to give minimum internal hydrostatic test pressures of at least threetimes the design working pressure when tested as specified in 10.4.CFor hydrostatic test requirements, refer to
15、 10.4.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitiousmaterials.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor port
16、land cement of Specification C 150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement, or slag modified portland cement, orportland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C 595, except that the pozzolan constituent in theType IP portlandpozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly A
17、shFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C 618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C 989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementiti
18、ous materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of
19、portland cement and groundgranulated blast-furnace slag, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not toexceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and groundgranulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Spe
20、cificationC33, except that the requirements for gradation shall notapply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and blends shallonly be used with the approval of the owner.6.5 Gaskets:6.5.1 CompositionThe rubber compound used in themanufacture of the gasket shall be compounded from naturalrubber, synth
21、etic rubber, or a mixture of the two fabricated asprescribed in 6.5.2 to 6.5.6, inclusive.6.5.2 FabricationGaskets shall be extruded or moldedand cured in such a manner that they will be dense andhomogeneous at any cross section, and have uniform dimen-sions. They shall be free from porosity, bliste
22、rs, pitting, andother defects, which will affect their serviceability.6.5.3 TolerancesCommercial tolerances A3-F3, T.032 formolded gaskets and A3-F3 for extruded gaskets in accordancewith the Rubber Handbook3shall be permitted. The tolerancesin gasket and joint dimensions shall be such as not to exc
23、eedpermissible deformations prescribed in Section 8.6.5.4 Physical Properties of GasketsThe rubber fromwhich the gaskets are fabricated shall have the followingphysical properties:Ultimate elongation at break, min, % 350Ultimate elongation at break after aging,min, % of elongation before aging80Hard
24、ness, International Rubber HardnessDegrees or DurometerA40 to 60Compression set, max, % 25Water absorption, % 10Ozone resistance no cracks in accordancewith Test Method D 1149AAllowable variation 65 from manufacturers specified hardness.6.5.4.1 Testing shall be in accordance with Section 9.6.5.5 Str
25、ength of SpliceIf a splice is used in the manufac-ture of the gasket, the strength shall be such that the gasketshall withstand 100 % elongation over the part of the gasketthat includes the splice with no visible separation of the splice.While in the stretched position, the gasket shall be rotated i
26、nthe spliced area a minimum of 180 in each direction in orderto inspect for separation. Any portion of the splice shall becapable of passing a bend test without visible separation. Thebend test for circular gaskets is defined as wrapping the portionof the unstretched gasket containing the splice a m
27、inimum of180 and a maximum of 270 around a rod of a diameter equalto the cross section diameter of the gasket.6.5.6 StorageThe gaskets shall be stored in a cool, clean,and shaded place, preferably at 70F or less and in no case shallthe gaskets be exposed to the direct rays of the sun for morethan 72
28、 h.6.6 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropy-lene fibers are not prohibited in concrete pipe as a nonstructuralmanufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers de-signed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete andconforming to the requirements of Specification C 1116
29、shallbe accepted.7. Design7.1 Design TablesThe standard dimensions shall be asgiven in Table 1. Wall thicknesses furnished shall be not lessthan those given in Table 1, except as affected by the tolerancespecified in Section 12.7.2 Modified DesignManufacturers shall submit to theowner for approval p
30、rior to manufacture, wall thicknessesother than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall meet all ofthe test and performance requirements specified by the ownerin accordance with 5.1.8. Joints8.1 Pipe units shall be manufactured with male- and female-type joints of such design that the rubber gasket
31、applied theretoshall be the sole element depended upon to make the jointsflexible and watertight.8.2 The slope on the conic surfaces of the gasket seat on theinside of the female portion and on the outside of the maleportion shall be not more than 3.5 measured from a longitu-dinal trace on the insid
32、e surface of the pipe. The female or themale portions, or both, shall form a proper gasket positioningarea or “seat.” The joint design shall be such that, when thejoint has been fully closed and is off center sufficiently to causethe outer concrete surface of the male portion and the innerconcrete s
33、urface of the female portion to come into contact atsome place in the joint periphery, the deformation of the gasketadjacent to that point shall not exceed 50 % of the stretcheddiameter for O-ring gaskets, or 75 % of the uncompressed3Available from the Rubber Manufacturers Assn., Inc., 1400 K St., N
34、W, suite900, Washington DC, 20005.C 505 05a2radial thickness for all other types. At the diametricallyopposite side, the gasket deformation shall be not less than15 % of the stretched diameter for O-ring gaskets, or 25 % ofthe uncompressed radial thickness for all other types. O-ringgaskets are defi
35、ned as solid gaskets of circular cross section.Stretched gasket diameters shall be calculated as being=1/1 1 x! times the original gasket diameter where x equalsthe percent of gasket stretch divided by 100.8.3 The joint design shall provide for the deflection of eachpipe unit by opening one side of
36、the outside perimeter of thejoint, wider than the fully closed position, a distance no lessthan12 in. or 25 % of the wall thickness, whichever is less,without reducing its watertightness.8.4 The joint shall be of such design that it will withstand,without cracking or fracturing, the forces caused by
37、 thecompression of the gasket, and the required hydrostatic testpressure.8.5 All surfaces of the joint upon or against which thegasket bear shall be smooth, free of spall, cracks, or fractures,and imperfections that would adversely affect performance.8.6 Alternative Joint DesignsManufacturers shall
38、submitto the owner, detailed designs for joints and gaskets other thanthose described in 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, and 8.5. Design submissionsshall include joint geometry tolerances, gasket characteristics,proposed plant tests, gasket splice bend tests, and such otherinformation as required by the owner to eva
39、luate the jointdesign for field performance. Joints and gaskets of alternativejoint designs shall meet all test requirements of this specifica-tion unless waived by the owner.Alternative joint designs shallbe acceptable provided the designs are approved by the ownerprior to manufacture and provided
40、the test pipe comply withthe specified test.9. Concrete Mixture9.1 The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, andthoroughly mixed with such proportions of cementitious ma-terials and water as will produce a homogeneous concretemixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the testa
41、nd design requirements of this specification. Cementitiousmaterials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to themix in a proportion not less than 470 lb/yd, unless mix designswith a lower cementitious materials content demonstrate thatthe quality and performance of the pipe meet the requir
42、ementsof this specification.10. Physical Requirements Physical Requirements10.1 Test Specimens:10.1.1 Specimens for test shall be full-size pipe units andgaskets that conform in every respect to the inspection require-ments of this specification, shall be selected at random by theowner at the place
43、of manufacture of the pipe, and shall betested in advance of shipment to the site of installation.10.1.2 Test specimens of pipe shall be selected from datedlots and the manufacturer shall furnish manufacturing data forthe lot tested if so required by the owner.10.2 Number and Type of Tests RequiredT
44、he manufac-turer shall furnish specimens for the test without charge up to1 % of the number of pipe units of each dated lot, except thatin no case shall fewer pipe units be furnished than necessary toperform the tests herein specified. Specimens shall be propor-tioned equally to the test to which th
45、ey are to be subjectedexcept that the owner can specify different proportions prior topurchase. The manufacturer shall bear all the expense of testingsuch pipe. Should a larger number of specimens be tested upondemand of the owner or manufacturer, then the cost of suchadditional test specimens and t
46、he expense of testing shall beborne by the party making such demand.10.3 External Load Test RequirementThe minimumthree-edge-bearing strength shall be as given in Table 1 andshall be made in accordance with Test Methods C 497.Ifmutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and theowner, other types
47、of bearings such as hard rubber blocks orsand-filled, high-pressure hose are acceptable.10.3.1 It is not prohibited to fill depressions of exteriorsurface irregularities with plaster of paris to equalize thebearing surfaces. The user of this specification is advised thatsand or other loose fine mate
48、rial may be spread along thelength of the crown of the pipe to equalize the upper bearing.10.3.2 The load shall be applied continuously until thestrength specified in Table 1 is reached. The pipe shall not beallowed to stand under load longer than is required to apply theload and to observe and reco
49、rd it. The pipe shall be surface drywhen tested. Tests shall not be made on frozen pipe.10.4 Hydrostatic Test RequirementsMaximum hydrostatictest pressures shall be as given in Table 1, and shall be made inaccordance with 10.7. There shall be no leakage of pipe orjoints at one third of this pressure when pipes are in straightalignment or in maximum deflected position. Moisture appear-ing on the surface of the pipe in the form of patches, or beads,adhering to the surface, will not be considered as leakage. Inevent the pipe is tested dry, sl
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