1、Designation: C 520 04Standard Test Methods forDensity of Granular Loose Fill Insulations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 520; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods are applicable to granular loose fillins
3、ulation materials such as vermiculite and perlite. They areused for other insulation materials with similar flow andsettling properties.1.2 Method A shall be used to determine bulk density.1.3 Method B shall be used to determine design densityand, with MethodA, is used to calculate percent loss of v
4、olumedue to settling.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior t
5、o use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of PreformedThermal Insulation Lots3. Terminology3.1 The definitions of terms used in this method shall be inaccordance with Terminology C 168.3.2 Definitions o
6、f Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bulk densitythe density of the granular material isdetermined in accordance with Method A. No conditioning isrequired unless specified. The density is determined for thematerial as received. The voids incorporated during the place-ment procedure are included.3
7、.2.2 design densitythe density of the conditioned granu-lar material, determined in accordance with Method B. Thenormal voids incorporated during the placement and subse-quent procedures are included.3.2.3 percent volume lossthe loss in volume between theas received bulk density and the design densi
8、ty determined byinduced settling procedures or specified conditioning, or both,expressed as a percent.4. Significance and Use4.1 Method A will be used primarily as a manufacturingquality control and field test method without the need forconditioning. For more accurate research purposes, condition-in
9、g shall be specified.4.2 Method B will be used, when specified, to determine thedensity at which insulation properties such as thermal resis-tance and placement coverage are to be determined.5. Apparatus5.1 Bulk Density ContainerA lightweight rigid box withinterior length, width, and depth of 12.0 6
10、 0.1 in. (3.05 6 3mm). Scales or balances with an accuracy of at least1%ofthespecimen weight shall be used.5.2 Design Density Sample ContainerThe specimen con-tainer shall be made of nominal12 in. thick construction gradeplywood and two 48-in. (1220 mm) long sections of, nominal2 by 8-in. lumber. Th
11、e 2 by 8 sections of wood and plywoodshall be used to provide inside container dimensions of 14. 5 6 0.1 in. (368 6 3 mm) by 48 6 0.1 in. (1.22 m 6 0.003 m)by 7.5 6 0.1 in. (191 mm 6 3 mm). The inside dimensions ofthe specimen container shall be used to calculate the volume ofthe container.5.3 Scree
12、dA suitable piece of wood, metal, or plastic atleast 20 in. (508 mm) long with a thin straight edge suitable forleveling the loose, granular material.5.4 Tapping Hammer and FrameThis shall include astandard 712-lb (3.4 kg) sledge hammer. The total length of thehandle shall be approximately 34 in. (8
13、64 mm). A14-in.(6-mm) hole is drilled through the handle to provide a pivotpoint 3218 618 in. (816 mm 6 3 mm) from the center line of1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.32 onMechanical Propert
14、ies.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C 520 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vo
15、lume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the head of the hammer. The tapping hammer shall be mountedin a moveable frame as shown in Fig. 1.5.5 B
16、lowing Machine, OptionalA blowing machine, ifused, shall be typical of the type of blowing machine recom-mended by the insulation manufacturer and shall be equippedwith 100 ft. (30 m) of the type and diameter of blower hoserecommended by the insulation manufacturer for field instal-lation.6. Samplin
17、g6.1 For the purposes of standard tests, sampling shall be inaccordance with Criteria C390.7. Conditioning7.1 When specified as a requirement of testing, conditionspecimens for at least 24 h at 50 6 2 % relative humidity and73 6 2F (23 6 1.1C), and test under the specified conditions.8. Procedure8.1
18、 Method A:8.1.1 Remove approximately one cubic foot of insulation tobe tested from the shipping container in such a way to providea representative distribution of particle size and weight.8.1.2 Fill the bulk density specimen container described in5.1 to overflowing with a shovel or scoop, dischargin
19、g theinsulation from a height not to exceed 2 in. (51 mm) above thetop of the container. Take care to prevent, so far as possible,segregation of the particle sizes of which the specimen iscomposed. Level off the surface of the insulation in such a waythat any slight projections of the larger pieces
20、of the coarseinsulation shall approximately balance the larger voids in thesurface below the top of the container. Take care not tocompact the specimen.8.1.3 Determine the net weight of the insulation by subtract-ing the weight of the empty container from the weight of thefull container.8.1.4 Using
21、fresh material, repeat the test for a total of threetimes.8.1.5 CalculationCalculate bulk density as follows:Bulk density B!5WV(1)where:W = net weight, lb (kg), andV = volume of container, ft3(m3).8.2 Method B:8.2.1 Weigh test bags of insulation.8.2.2 Place the specimen container on a flat surface.
22、Pourthe material into the container from a height of not less than 6in. (152 mm) nor more than 24 in. (610 mm) above the top ofthe container in a natural motion and speed normal to that usedin the field. Use the screed to level off the material to the topof the container, being careful not to compre
23、ss or compact theinsulation.8.2.3 Place the specimen frame and tapping hammer againstthe side of the specimen container, and draw the face of thehammer back 12 612 in. from the side of the container. Allowthe hammer to pivot freely into the side of the specimen onetime from each side (repositioning
24、the frame each time).FIG. 1 Tapping Hammer and FrameC5200428.2.4 Refill the specimen container by adding additionalinsulation and leveling with the top of the container.8.2.5 Determine the net weight of the insulation by subtract-ing the weight of the empty container from the weight of thefull conta
25、iner.8.2.6 Using fresh material, repeat the test for a minimum ofthree measurements.8.2.7 Calculations:8.2.7.1 Calculate the design density as follows:Design density D!5WM(2)where:W = final net weight, lb (kg), andV = volume of container, ft3(m3).8.2.7.2 Calculate the volume loss as follows:Volume l
26、oss %!5D 2 BB3 100 (3)9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Report the density in pounds per cubic foot (kilogramsper cubic meter) for each test and the average of the three ormore tests for each method.9.1.2 If required, report the percent volume loss on place-ment for each specimen a
27、nd the average of the three or moretests.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Granular loose fill insulations, as a class, generallyrequire care in handling during testing due to friability, varyingparticle size, and a tendency to pack, settle, or segregate as aresult of rough handling or vibration.10.2 The p
28、recision of Test Method A with regard to a singleunit of product, can be stated only in terms of a single operator,single measurement, and single specimen. At the 95 % confi-dence limit, the standard deviation is 60.25 lb/ft3, for vermicu-lite and 60.30 lb/ft3for perlite.10.3 The precision of Test M
29、ethod B is expressed as theprecision of a single operator, multiple specimens , and a singlemeasurement of design density. At the 95 % confidence limit,the standard deviation is 60.12 lb/ft3for vermiculite and60.20 lb/ft3for perlite.10.4 Biasno information is presented on the bias of theprocedures i
30、n Test Method C 520 for measuring density ofgranular loose fill insulations because no material having anaccepted reference value is available.11. Keywords11.1 bulk density; density; design density; granular loosefill; insulation; perlite; thermal insulation; vermiculite; volumelossASTM Internationa
31、l takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their o
32、wn responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be a
33、ddressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,
34、at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C520043
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