1、Designation: C534/C534M 11Standard Specification forPreformed Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Thermal Insulationin Sheet and Tubular Form1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C534/C534M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This spe
3、cification covers preformed flexible elastomericcellular thermal insulation in sheet and tubular form. Grade 1covers materials to be used on commercial or industrialsystems with operating temperatures from -183 to 104C -297to 220F, Grade 2 covers material used on industrial systemswith operating tem
4、peratures from -183 to 175C -297 to350F, and Grade 3 covers material used on industrial systemswith operating temperatures from -183 to 120C -297 to250F where halogens are not permitted.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values
5、stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
6、use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Stead
7、y-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC209 Test Methods for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating BoardC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-ties of Pipe
8、InsulationC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Tempera-ture of Thermal InsulationsC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC534 Specification fo
9、r Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cel-lular Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular FormC585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of ThermalInsulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and TubingC692 Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of ThermalInsulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Ten-de
10、ncy of Austenitic Stainless SteelC795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-tact with Austenitic Stainless SteelC871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of ThermalInsulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride,Silicate, and Sodium IonsC1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transm
11、ission Prop-erties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluatingand Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal InsulationC1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC1304 Test Method for Assessing the Odo
12、r Emission ofThermal Insulation MaterialsC1427 Specification for Extruded Preformed Flexible Cel-lular Polyolefin Thermal Insulation in Sheet and TubularFormD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid CellularPlasticsD1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular
13、MaterialsPoly(Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterials1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibil
14、ity of Subcommittee C16.22 onOrganic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C534 - 08. DOI:10.1520/C0534_C0534M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit th
15、e ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
16、United States.E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE2231 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofPipe and Du
17、ct Insulation Materials to Assess SurfaceBurning Characteristics2.2 Other Standards:3CAN/ULC-S10207 Standard Method of Test for SurfaceBurning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assem-blies3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this specification are definedin Terminology C168 and in Term
18、inology D883.3.2 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cellular elastomeric foama closed-cell foam madeof natural or synthetic rubber, or a mixture of the two, andcontaining other polymers, other chemicals, or both, which ispermitted to be modified by organic or inorganic additives.Thes
19、e foams have properties similar to those of vulcanizedrubber, namely, (1) the ability to be converted from a thermo-plastic to a thermosetting state by cross-linking (vulcanization)and (2) the ability to recover substantially its original shapewhen strained or elongated.3.2.2 flexible cellulara flex
20、ible cellular organic polymericmaterial shall not rupture within 60 s when a specimen 200 by25 by 25 mm 8 by 1 by 1 in. is bent around a 25-mm 1-in.diameter mandrel at a uniform rate of one lap in5sintheformof a helix at a temperature between 18 and 29C 65 and 85F.NOTE 1The flexibility of these mate
21、rials may decrease at lowertemperatures.4. Classification4.1 The types are designated below:4.1.1 Type ITubular.Grade 1 Use temperature -183 to 104C -297 to 220F.Grade 2 Use temperature -183 to 175C -297 to 350F.Grade 3 Use temperature -183 to 120C -297 to 250F.4.1.2 Type IISheet.Grade 1 Use tempera
22、ture -183 to 104C -297 to 220F.Grade 2 Use temperature -183 to 175C -297 to 350F.Grade 3 Use temperature -183 to 104C -297 to 220F.4.2 Grade 1 is flexible elastomeric material for use ontypical commercial systems.4.3 Grade 2 is a high temperature flexible elastomericmaterial.4.4 Grade 3 is an elasto
23、meric material that does not containany leachable chlorides, fluorides or polyvinyl chloride.NOTE 2Continuous long-term exposure at or above the upper usetemperature may cause degradation in the form of loss of flexibility5. Materials5.1 These products shall be made of a homogeneous blendof natural
24、or synthetic rubber that is permitted to be modifiedwith various thermoplastic or thermosetting resins, plasticizers,modifiers, antioxidants, curatives, blowing agents and otheradditives. These products are thermoset and are not thermo-plastic in nature.5.2 These products are expanded with chemical
25、blowingagents that decompose with the application of heat. The gasesproduced by these blowing agents are similar to those found inthe atmosphere and thus the diffusion rate is not significant.These gases do not change over time and the thermal conduc-tivity of the insulation is stable over time.5.3
26、Flexible, elastomeric, cellular thermal insulations shallbe of uniform core density and have closed cells. Even thoughthese insulation materials are permitted to have a smooth skinsurface on one or both sides, they are to be consideredhomogeneous for the purposes of determining thermal perfor-mance.
27、6. Physical Requirements6.1 Qualification RequirementsThermal conductivity, wa-ter vapor permeability and dimensional stability physicalproperties listed in Table 1, are defined as qualification3Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,WA 98607-8542, http:/.TABLE 1 Ph
28、ysical Requirements for Type I (Tubular) and Type II (Sheet)AProperty Unit Grade 1 Grade 2(higher temperature)Grade 3(non-chloride/non-fluoride containing)Apparent thermal conductivity, max.,at a mean temperature of:W/mK Btuin./hft2F-150C-238F 0.0230.16 0.023 0.16 0.023 0.16-100C -148F 0.028 0.18 0.
29、028 0.18 0.028 0.18-29C -20F 0.036 0.25 0.036 0.25 0.036 0.25-18C 0F 0.038 0.26 0.038 0.26 0.038 0.2624C 75F 0.040 0.28 0.043 0.30 0.040 0.2850C 120F 0.043 0.30 0.047 0.32 0.043 0.3086C 150F 0.045 0.31 0.049 0.34 0.045 0.31150C 300F NA 0.061 0.42 NAWater absorption, max. % by volume 0.20 0.20 0.20Wa
30、ter-vapor permeability, max. g/Pasm perm-in. 1.44 3 10-100.10 1.44 3 10-100.10 1.44 3 10-100.10Linear shrinkage,max after soak at maximumuse temperature% linear change 7.0 % 7.0 % 7.0 %ATable 1 describes two types of flexible elastomeric cellular thermal insulation. The values stated in Table 1 may
31、not always be appropriate as design values. For specificdesign recommendations using a particular product and for supporting documentation, consult the manufacturer.C534/C534M 112requirements (refer to Practice C390, Section 5, Classificationof Requirements and Section 6, Acceptance for Qualificatio
32、nRequirements).6.2 Inspection Requirements:6.2.1 The requirements for water absorption listed in Table1 is defined as an inspection requirement (refer to PracticeC390, Section 5, Classification of Requirements, and Section 7,Acceptance for Inspection Requirements).6.2.2 All dimensional requirements
33、shall be as described inSection 6 and Table 2.6.2.3 All workmanship, finish and appearance requirementsshall be as described in Section 9.6.2.4 Compliance with inspection requirements shall be inaccordance with Practice C390.6.3 Both Type I and Type II insulations shall conform to thephysical proper
34、ty requirements listed in Table 1.6.4 The material shall be free of objectionable odors at alltemperatures within the recommended use range when testedaccording to Test Method C1304.6.5 Surface Burning CharacteristicsThe material shall betested to assess its surface burning characteristics, at theth
35、ickness supplied, in accordance with Test Method E84 withmounting according to Practice E2231. The results shall bereported. In Canada, use Test Method CAN/ULC-S102-07 andreport the results.6.5.1 This test method does not always define the hazardpotentially presented by preformed flexible elastomeri
36、c cellularthermal insulation under actual fire conditions. It is retained forreference in this standard as test data are required by somecodes.6.5.2 Preformed flexible cellular elastomeric thermal insu-lation is an organic material and is combustible. Do notexposed it to flames or other ignition sou
37、rces. In someapplications, the fire test response characteristics of the mate-rial are addressed through requirements established by theappropriate governing documents.6.6 Leachable Chloride/Fluoride ContentGrade 3 shallbe below the detectable limit of the test procedure used forleachable chlorides
38、or fluorides when tested according to TestMethod C871.7. Standard Shapes, Sizes and Dimensions7.1 Type ITubular materials are manufactured in 1.83 m 72 in. standard lengths, as well as in continuous lengths.Insulation is manufactured for diameters up to 200 mm 8 in.nominal pipe size (NPS) with wall
39、thickness up to 50 mm 2in.7.2 Type IISheet material is manufactured in thicknessesup to 50 mm 2 in. Sheets are manufactured in sizes up to1.22 m 48 in. in width and in continuous lengths. Other sizesare available upon request. Individual dimensions shall con-form to those specified by the manufactur
40、er.7.3 Actual dimensions shall be agreed upon between themanufacturer and the purchaser. The procedure section and thepipe and tubing diameter information of Practice C585 isbeneficial in determining these actual dimensions.7.4 The insulation tolerances shall conform to Table 2.8. Surface8.1 Type IA
41、ll surfaces (except ends and slits that aremechanically cut) shall have natural skins.8.2 Type IISheet material is manufactured either with skinon one side or with skin on two sides. The surface shall be atthe manufacturers option, unless otherwise specified.9. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance9.1
42、The insulation shall be free of visual defects that willadversely affect the service quality. For example, blisters, blowholes and tears when occurring to an excessive degree shall bejudged to adversely affect the service quality of the material.10. Sampling10.1 The insulation shall be sampled in ac
43、cordance withPractice C390. Details shall be agreed upon between the buyerand seller.10.2 When possible, the insulation shall be tested in theform supplied. However, when Type I does not lend itself totesting or to making of test specimens because of its shape,standard test sheets shall be prepared
44、from tubular materialhaving equivalent physical characteristics to Type I (see 10.1and 11.1.2).11. Test Methods11.1 Test Conditions:11.1.1 The physical requirements enumerated in this speci-fication shall be determined in accordance with the followingtest methods:11.1.2 When standard test sheets are
45、 required for tubularmaterial, they shall be prepared by longitudinally slitting thetubular specimens along one wall thickness, opening andlaying the sample flat.11.1.3 These products are produced with either skin on oneside or skin on both sides. Testing shall be done in the final enduse form.11.2
46、Apparent Thermal Conductivity:11.2.1 Type IChoose from Test Methods C177, C518,C1114 or C335 in conjunction with Practice C1045. Usestandard test sheet for C177, C518 or C1114.NOTE 3Test Method C335 may be used for below ambient conditions.TABLE 2 Dimensional Tolerances, mm in.TolerancesType ITubula
47、r MaterialInside diameter, mm in.:Up to 10 38, incl. +2.5 332, -013 12to2278, incl. +3 18, -0251to38112, incl. +5 316, -041 1-58to602-38, incl. +6 14, -0Over 60 2-38 +10 38, -0Wall thicknesses, mm in.:Up to 19 34, incl. +3 18, -019 and over 34+5316, -0Length, mm in. +75 3, -25 1Type IISheet Material
48、Thickness, mm in.:Up to 13 12, incl. 6 26116Over 13 12 6 36332Length and width, mm in.:Up to 150 6, incl. 6 6614Over 150 6 to 300 12, incl. 6 10 638Over 300 12 6 3%C534/C534M 113The authors of this reference state, “the regression curves for sheet andpipe insulation agree with 1.5% and 2.5% at mean
49、temperatures of 25 and10C, respectively. The measured apparent thermal conductivites of bothtypes of materials are well below the maxima allowed by C534.411.2.2 Type IIChoose from Test Methods C177, C518 orC1114 in conjunction with Practice C1045.11.2.3 Tests shall be conducted with a temperature differ-ential of
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