ASTM C556-2016 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Overglaze Decorations to Attack by Detergents《釉上彩耐洗涤剂的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: C556 16Standard Test Method forResistance of Overglaze Decorations to Attack byDetergents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C556; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis

2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2covers the determination and evalua-tion of the resistance of overglaze decorations on ceramicwhitewares to att

3、ack by normal household soaps and liquiddetergents under normal household conditions.1.2 This test method applies primarily to overglaze decora-tions applied to dinnerware for domestic use wherein house-hold soaps and detergents are used for cleaning the soiled wareby either hand or machine operatio

4、ns.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety problems associated with its u

5、se. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.2. Significance and Use2.1 This test method provides an indication of service lifeunder detergent exposure.3. Apparatus3.1

6、 Stainless Steel Beaker, 4 L (4.2 qt) capacity, fitted with astainless steel lid.3.2 Stainless Steel Supports to hold specimens off thebottom of the beaker.3.3 Steam Bath or other heating device capable of maintain-ing bath temperature at 95 6 1.1C (203 6 2F).4. Reagents and Materials4.1 Sodium Carb

7、onate Solution made by dissolving anhy-drous sodium carbonate in distilled water in the ratio of5gofsodium carbonate per litre (1.14 qt) of water.4.2 Clean Muslin Cloth.5. Sampling5.1 Whole pieces or segments of ware are selected so as tobe representative of the decoration to be tested.6. Test Speci

8、mens6.1 The size of the specimens shall be such that the ratio ofthe total surface area of three specimens to volume of testsolution shall be not greater than 100 cm2(15.5 in.2) of surfaceto 3 L (3.2 qt) solution. Four identical specimens (identical asto decoration, not necessarily as to size or sha

9、pe) are requiredfor each test.7. Procedure7.1 Place the stainless steel specimen support in the bottomof the 4-L (4.2-qt) stainless steel beaker, and pour 3 L (3.2 qt)of sodium carbonate standard test solution into the beaker.Cover the beaker and let it remain covered throughout the testexcept for b

10、rief intervals when temperature measurements aremade or when specimens are inserted or withdrawn. Place thebeaker on the steam bath or other heat source, and heat the testsolution to 95 6 1.1C (203 6 2F) throughout the test.NOTE 1The mean temperature at which this test must be conducted isjust below

11、 (approximately 1C (or 2F) the boiling point of water. If thetest is conducted at altitudes above sea level, appropriate adjustmentshould be made where steam baths are not used.7.2 Degrease the specimens just prior to testing by washingin warm distilled water, rinsing with acetone until the surfacef

12、ilms uniformly with distilled water, rinsing finally with freshacetone, and then air drying. When the test solution hasreached temperature, insert three of the specimens in thebeaker in such a manner that they are completely covered withsolution and do not overlap each other.7.3 After 2 h, remove on

13、e specimen from the beaker and rubthe decorated area vigorously with a bit of muslin cloth, fourplies thick, which has been dampened with test solution. Rinse1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of

14、 SubcommitteeC21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approvedin 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1988 as C556 88 which was withdrawnin July 1994 and reinstated in July 2016. DOI: 10.1520/C0552-16.2This

15、test method has been adapted from the FB2C test method developed by theUnited States Potters Association.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1the rubbed specimen in distilled water at not less than 82C(180F) and then air dr

16、y. Retain the muslin cloth for the record.7.4 Leave the other two test specimens in the beaker attemperature for an additional 2 h after which remove a secondspecimen from the beaker and rub with fresh muslin inaccordance with 6.1. Leave the third test specimen in thebeaker at temperature for anothe

17、r 2-h period; then remove itand rub with fresh muslin in accordance with 7.3.7.5 Examine the three exposed specimens visually forerosion of the decoration; use the unexposed specimen as astandard for comparison. Examine the muslin cloths used forrubbing for evidence of eroded decoration. Estimate th

18、e degreeof attack of the decoration according to the scale of values inTable 1.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Identification of decoration to be tested; if the deco-ration contains two or more colors, each color shall beidentified, and8.1.2 Table listing numerical rating and deg

19、ree of attack oneach color in the decoration after 2, 4, and6hofexposure.9. Precision and Bias9.1 This is a subjective method whose precision depends onthe skill and experience of the operator. Repeated tests by thesame operator should provide identical numerical ratings.Interlaboratory testing prod

20、uced ratings as great as 61 unit onidentical pieces.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rig

21、hts, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for

22、 revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing

23、 you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may

24、 be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers,

25、 MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1 Evaluation of Degree of Anack to Overglaze DecorationNumericalRatingDegree ofAttackVisual Evidence of Erosion0 none no material removed by rubbing, no fading, no loss of lustre1 slight traces of material on cloth; slight fading, or dulling; first recognizable

26、 evidence of alteration2 moderate appreciable material on cloth; obvious fading or dulling3 severe extensive material on cloth, extensive removal of material from decoration4 complete essentially complete removal of material from decoration (as evidenced by lack of ability to discern original color of decoration)C556 162