1、Designation: C557 03 (Reapproved 2009)1Standard Specification forAdhesives for Fastening Gypsum Wallboard to WoodFraming1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEEditorial changes were made througho
3、ut in November 2009.1. Scope*1.1 This specification includes properties and covers mini-mum performance standards for adhesives intended to bond theback surface paper of gypsum wallboard to wood framingmembers.1.2 This specification also covers test requirements and testmethods for the adhesive used
4、 for the application of allthicknesses of gypsum wallboard.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not
5、 purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards
6、:2C1396/C1396M Specification for Gypsum BoardD905 Test Method for Strength Properties of AdhesiveBonds in Shear by Compression LoadingD907 Terminology of AdhesivesE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Termin
7、ology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this specification are de-fined in Terminology D907.4. Significance and Use4.1 The specification applies to adhesives for bonding theback surface paper of gypsum wallboard of any thickness towood-framing members.4.2 This specification provides a basis for ensuring t
8、hequality of the adhesives.4.3 Although the bonds rendered by these adhesives shallhave enough strength by themselves to maintain the bondbetween adherends, they are not intended as a substitute for thecommon practice of using mechanical fasteners to maximizeintegrity of drywall-wood-framing structu
9、res.4.4 The tests are suitable for products performance certifi-cation and quality control programs and can be useful to thegeneral public, adhesive manufacturers, distributors, specifiers,architects, contractors, testing laboratories and other businessesand professionals4.5 The results do not inclu
10、de all possible conditions, whichmay occur during final assembly, but indicate a set of perfor-mance characteristics for laboratory controlled bonding vari-ables.5. Adhesive Physical Property Requirements5.1 AdhesivesThe adhesives shall be uniform, homoge-neous mixtures of elastomeric polymers or vi
11、scoelastic resins,or both, free of lumps or foreign matter.5.1.1 WorkabilityWhen applied to the framing memberwith a caulking gun or notched trowel, or both, in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions, the adhesive shall exhibita consistency capable of ensuring non-sagging properties.5.1.2 Ope
12、n TimeThe adhesive shall have an open assem-bly time of between 10 to 20 min to give the user sufficienttime to apply and, if necessary, reposition the gypsum wall-board at ambient temperatures, ranging from 40 to 100F (4 to38C).5.1.3 Storage LifeThe adhesive shall remain serviceableand meet all the
13、 requirements of this specification for not lessthan six months after delivery, when stored in original un-opened containers at temperatures ranging from 40 to 85F (4to 30C).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt
14、ee D14.70 on ConstructionAdhesives.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C557 031. DOI:10.1520/C0557-03R09E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer
15、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
16、19428-2959, United States.6. Adhesive Performance Property Requirements6.1 The adhesives shall conform to the requirements sum-marized in Table 1.7. Sampling7.1 The test adhesive sample size of 1 qt (approximately 1L) is a minimum amount to complete one full series of testing.The sample is to be han
17、dled and stored according to themanufacturers recommendations. For qualification testing, thesample is to be representative of the final product for whichrecognition is sought.8. Materials and Apparatus for Conducting Tests8.1 Gypsum Wallboard12-in. (12.7-mm) thick, complyingwith Specification C1396
18、/C1396M; the dimensions are speci-fied in each test.8.2 Plywood58-in. (15.9-mm) or1932-in (15.1-mm) U.S.Product Standard PS-1-95 grade marked stamped commercialplywood, Group 1 Species, exterior glue, or sanded exteriorgrade plywood, underlayment type, with A grade face ply forthe adhesion surface.8
19、.3 Douglas-fir Dimension LumberNominal 2 by 4, 112by 112 by 312-in. (38.0 by 38.0 by 89.0 mm); No. 1,straight-grained, and knot-free; the dimensions are specified ineach test.8.4 Polyvinyl Acetate AdhesiveAny commercially avail-able product.8.5 SpacersNo. 20 gauge (American Standard or B 10 psi(69 k
20、Pa) shear strength, minSuitability as a laminating adhesive for vinyl-covered wallboard10.8.1 compatibility 24 h at 38C (100F) no blistering, vinyl-film discoloration,or bond failure10.8.2 staining 1 h at Std. Cond. no swelling or discoloration Corrected editorially.C557 03 (2009)12a commercially av
21、ailable PVA adhesive. The plywood rein-forces the gypsum wallboard to prevent fracture before theultimate shear load can be achieved. The grain of the gypsumwallboard back surface paper is parallel with the 312-in.(89-mm) direction.10.1.2 Preparation of Shear Strength Test SpecimensPrepare the numbe
22、r of test specimens indicated in 10.1.4-10.1.7 by bondinga4by312 in. (102 by 89-mm) pieceplywood to the previously prepared wallboard-plywood lami-nate as follows:FIG. 1 Shear Strength Test Specimen in Text FixtureFIG. 2 Tensile Strength Specimen in Text FixtureC557 03 (2009)1310.1.2.1 Spread the te
23、st adhesive onto the plywood bondingsurface with a trowel having316-in. (4.8-mm) deep V-notchesso that the adhesive ridges are parallel to the grain of wood.During application hold the trowel at an approximate 90 angleto the receiving surface.10.1.2.2 Insert six wire spacers No. 20 gauge at least 2-
24、in.(51.0-mm) long in the joint 1-in. 6116-in. (25.4 6 1.6-mm).Position the spacers so that one is on the centerline of thebonded area (perpendicular to the ridges), and the others are1-in. (25.4-mm) away from the center spacers and parallel to it.10.1.2.3 Allow an open time of 30 s 6 5 s upon comple
25、tionof spreading.10.1.2.4 Squarely position the gypsum wallboard-plywoodlaminate back surface paper onto the adhesive coated plywoodwith the overlapping 212 6116-in. (63.5 6 1.6-mm), thusforming the 10-in.2(64.5-cm2) bonded area. See Fig. 3.10.1.2.5 Immediately following assembly, compress eachtest
26、specimen under a uniformly distributed load of 15 lb (67N) for a period of 3 to 3-12 min.10.1.2.6 After the 3 to 3-12 min period, remove the load,withdraw the spacers, wipe the excess adhesive from thebonded edges with a square-edged spatula taking care not todisturb the alignment of the bonded piec
27、es.10.1.3 Shear Strength DeterminationAfter completing theappropriate conditioning, test the specimen in shear using acompression-shear test fixture as shown in Fig. 1. The bottomedge of the wallboard-plywood laminate rests on self-aligningseat as the test loading is simultaneously applied to the to
28、pedge of the single plywood. The stress applied is parallel anduniformly distributed to the bond line shear plane and requirescareful orientation using shims and self-aligning apparatus asnecessary. Determine the shear strength at a crosshead speed of0.50-in/min (12.7-mm/min). Observations are made
29、duringstress application to ensure the test assembly maintains properalignment and the fixture operates without binding or frictionthroughout the test. Record the maximum shear strength andthe average shear strength for the 24 h, 14day, cycle exposure,and static load test conditions.10.1.4 Shear Str
30、ength After 24 h:10.1.4.1 Prepare five test assemblies using the procedure in10.1.1 and 10.1.2.10.1.4.2 After aging the assemblies 24 h 6 1 h at standardcondition (9.1), determine the shear strength in accordancewith 10.1.3.10.1.5 Shear Strength After 14 Days:10.1.5.1 Prepare five test assembliess u
31、sing the procedure in10.1.1 to 10.1.2.10.1.5.2 After aging the assemblies 14 days at standardcondition (9.1), determine the shear strength in accordancewith 10.1.3.10.1.6 Shear Strength After Cyclic Exposure:10.1.6.1 Prepare five test assemblies using the procedure in10.1.1 and 10.1.2.10.1.6.2 After
32、 aging the assemblies 14 days at standardcondition (9.1), process the assemblies through four completecycles (see Table 2). Store the assemblies at standard condi-tions (9.1) for 24 h after each cycle.10.1.6.3 At the end of the cycling, condition the testspecimens for 2 days in standard conditions a
33、nd determine theshear strength in accordance with 10.1.3.10.1.7 Shear Strength for Static Load:10.1.7.1 Prepare ten assemblies using the procedure in10.1.1 and 10.1.2.FIG. 3 Shear Strength Test Specimen AssemblyC557 03 (2009)1410.1.7.2 Condition the shear test specimens 14 days atstandard conditions
34、.10.1.7.3 Subject five shear test specimens to a static load of40 lbf (178 N) at 73 6 2F (23 6 1C) and five shear testspecimens to 20 lbf (89 N) at 100.2 6 2.0F (38 6 1C) for aperiod of 24 h. When testing, the wallboard/plywood laminateshould be fixed to a rigid frame. The full test load is applied
35、tothe unsupported single plywood side of the adhesive bondline.10.1.7.4 At the end of the 24 h period, examine the testspecimen bondline for indication of separation. Such separa-tion is regarded as a failure.10.2 Tensile Strength (Rate of Tensile Strength Develop-ment):10.2.1 Preparation of Tensile
36、 Test SpecimensPrepare eachtensile test specimen as follows:10.2.1.1 Prepare the number of test specimens indicated in10.2.3 and 10.2.4. Each tensile test specimen consists ofa4by4by12 in. (101.6 by 101.6 by 12.7 mm) thick gypsumwallboard, and 112 by 112 by 312 in. (38 by 38 by 89 mm)Douglas-fir lum
37、ber block. See Fig. 4. If necessary reinforce thegypsum wallboard by constructing a gypsum wallboard-plywood laminate for testing with the method described in10.1.1. Drill a pilot hole for the wood screw with eyelet at theapproximate center into the Douglas-fir block end face. Thepilot hole is drill
38、ed straight and parallel with the blocks length.The wood screw with eyelet will be used for connecting the testspecimen to the test machine. Install the wood screw into thepilot hole with sufficient thread engagement to withstand thetensile force application.10.2.1.2 Bond the wallboard back surface
39、paper to theDouglas-fir block by applying full coverage with sufficientadhesive to cause uniform squeeze-out of excess adhesive onall sides when the bond area is compressed to a line thicknessof approximately132 in. (0.8 mm).10.2.1.3 Insert and position two wire spacers, No. 20 gauge,at least 3 in.
40、(76 mm) long into the bonded area with thespacers positioned14 in. (6.3 mm) from each edge of the woodblock.10.2.1.4 Compress the bonded area of each tensile testspecimen immediately under a load of 5 lb 6 0.1 lb (22 N) for3 min.10.2.1.5 Remove the weight and next the spacers. Scrape allexcess adhes
41、ive away from edges using a square-tippedspatula, taking care to avoid disturbing the alignment. See Fig.4.10.2.2 Tensile-Strength DeterminationDetermine the ten-sile strength of the adhesive on a testing machine capable ofproviding loading at a rate of 60 lbf (267 N)/min. Position thetensile test s
42、pecimen with the Douglas-fir wood block centeredbetween the angles. Refer to Fig. 2. The tensile test fixture ismounted to a permanent base and includes self-alignmentfeatures to ensure the stress application is perpendicular to thejoint until failure. Connect the tensile test specimen to the testma
43、chine by connecting the tension rod with clevis to the woodscrew with the eyelet. Ensure the test assembly maintainsTABLE 2 Cyclic-Exposure Conditioning for Shear-TestAssemblies (See 10.1.6)Time, h Temperature C (F) Relative Humidity, %4 38.0 (100) 85 6 24 4.5 (40) uncontrolled16 50 (122) uncontroll
44、edNOTE 1Four complete aging cycles to be used.NOTE 2Room temperature storage required over weekends.FIG. 4 Tensile Strength Test SpecimenC557 03 (2009)15proper alignment throughout the test. Record the maximumtensile strength of each specimen and the average tensilestrength for the 24 h and 14 day t
45、ests.10.2.3 Tensile Strength After 24 h:10.2.3.1 Prepare five tensile test specimens using the pro-cedure outlined in 10.2.1.10.2.3.2 After conditioning the tensile test specimens 24 hat standard conditions, determine the tensile strength in accor-dance with 10.2.2.10.2.4 Tensile Strength After 14 D
46、ays:10.2.4.1 Prepare five tensile test specimens using the pro-cedure outlined in 10.2.1.10.2.4.2 After conditioning the tensile test specimens 14days at standard conditions, determine the tensile strength inaccordance with 10.2.2.10.3 Adhesive Open-Time Determination:10.3.1 Prepare five open-time s
47、pecimens as follows:10.3.1.1 Using a suitable template (Fig. 5), spread a uniformbead of adhesive38 by38 by 2 in. (9.5 by 9.5 by 51 mm) longon the back paper surface ofa2by4in.(51by102mm)pieceof gypsum wallboard that has been conditioned for 24 h atstandard conditions.10.3.1.2 After conditioning the
48、 assembly for 30 min 6 1min at standard conditions, positiona2by4in.(51by102mm) piece of gypsum wallboard centrally over the bead andbefore compressing the adhesive, rotate the top piece 90degrees thus creating an X-figure overlay. Immediately place a5lb6 0.1 lb (22 N) weight on the assembly. Remove
49、 theweight after 30 min.10.3.1.3 After a period of 24 h under standard conditions,pull the assembly apart.10.3.1.4 Examine the test specimen bonded area for percentof transfer and paper failure. Report the average for the five testspecimens.10.4 Substrate Wet-Out by Adhesive:10.4.1 PlywoodPrepare five plywood wet-out test speci-mens as follows:10.4.1.1 Using a spatula, apply and press a small amount ofadhesive to the plywood surface that has been conditioned atstandard conditions. By reversing the spatula pressure
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