1、Designation: C 557 03e1Standard Specification forAdhesives for Fastening Gypsum Wallboard to WoodFraming1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in May 200
3、6.1. Scope*1.1 This specification includes properties and covers mini-mum performance standards for adhesives intended to bond theback surface paper of gypsum wallboard to wood framingmembers.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI units given in parenthes
4、es are forinformation only.1.3 This specification also covers test requirements and testmethods for the adhesive used for the application of allthicknesses of gypsum wallboard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsib
5、ility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 1396/C 1396M Specification for Gypsum BoardD 905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesi
6、veBonds in Shear by Compression LoadingD 907 Terminology of AdhesivesE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this specification are de-fined in Terminology D 907.4. Sig
7、nificance and Use4.1 The specification applies to adhesives for bonding theback surface paper of gypsum wallboard of any thickness towood-framing members.4.2 This specification provides a basis for ensuring thequality of the adhesives.4.3 Although the bonds rendered by these adhesives shallhave enou
8、gh strength by themselves to maintain the bondbetween adherends, they are not intended as a substitute for thecommon practice of using mechanical fasteners to maximizeintegrity of drywall-wood-framing structures.4.4 The tests are suitable for products performance certifi-cation and quality control p
9、rograms and can be useful to thegeneral public, adhesive manufacturers, distributors, specifiers,architects, contractors, testing laboratories and other businessesand professionals4.5 The results do not include all possible conditions, whichmay occur during final assembly, but indicate a set of perf
10、or-mance characteristics for laboratory controlled bonding vari-ables.5. Adhesive Physical Property Requirements5.1 AdhesivesThe adhesives shall be uniform, homoge-neous mixtures of elastomeric polymers or viscoelastic resins,or both, free of lumps or foreign matter.5.1.1 WorkabilityWhen applied to
11、the framing memberwith a caulking gun or notched trowel, or both, in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions, the adhesive shall exhibita consistency capable of ensuring non-sagging properties.5.1.2 Open TimeThe adhesive shall have an open assem-bly time of between 10 to 20 min to give the use
12、r sufficient1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on ConstructionAdhesives.Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in
13、 1999 as C 557 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at t
14、he end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.time to apply and, if necessary, reposition the gypsum wall-board at ambient temperatures, ranging from 40 to 100F (4 to38C).5.1.3 Storage LifeThe adhesive shall
15、remain serviceableand meet all the requirements of this specification for not lessthan six months after delivery, when stored in original un-opened containers at temperatures ranging from 40 to 85F (4to 30C).6. Adhesive Performance Property Requirements6.1 The adhesives shall conform to the requirem
16、ents sum-marized in Table 1.7. Sampling7.1 The test adhesive sample size of 1 qt (approximately 1L) is a minimum amount to complete one full series of testing.The sample is to be handled and stored according to themanufacturers recommendations. For qualification testing, thesample is to be represent
17、ative of the final product for whichrecognition is sought.8. Materials and Apparatus for Conducting Tests8.1 Gypsum Wallboard12-in. (12.7 mm) thick, complyingwith Specification C 1396/C 1396M; the dimensions are speci-fied in each test.8.2 Plywood58-in. (15.9 mm) or1932-in (15.1 mm) U.S.Product Stan
18、dard PS-1-95 grade marked stamped commercialplywood, Group 1 Species, exterior glue, or sanded exteriorgrade plywood, underlayment type, with A grade face ply forthe adhesion surface.8.3 Douglas-fir Dimension LumberNominal 2 by 4, 112by 112 by 312-in. (38.0 by 38.0 by 89.0 mm); No. 1,straight-graine
19、d, and knot-free; the dimensions are specified ineach test.8.4 Polyvinyl Acetate AdhesiveAny commercially avail-able product.8.5 SpacersNo. 20 gauge (American Standard or B 10 psi(69 kPa) shear strength, minSuitability as a laminating adhesive for vinyl-covered wallboard10.8.1 compatibility 24 h at
20、38C (100F) no blistering, vinyl-film discoloration,or bond failure10.8.2 staining 1 h at Std. Cond. no swelling or discoloration Corrected editorially.C55703e129.2 Subject all test adhesives and test specimens to standardconditioning for time period indicated at 73 6 2F (23 6 1C)and 50 6 5 % relativ
21、e humidity unless specified otherwise.10. Test Methods10.1 Shear Strength (Rate-of-Shear Strength Development):FIG. 1 Shear Strength Test Specimen in Text FixtureFIG. 2 Tensile Strength Specimen in Text FixtureC55703e1310.1.1 Preparation of Gypsum Wallboard-PlywoodLaminatesEach laminate is construct
22、ed by bonding a pieceof4by312 by12 in. thick (102 by 89 by 12.7 mm) gypsumwallboard front paper surface paper to a58-in. (15.9 mm) or1932-in. (15.1 mm), plywood shim of the same dimensions witha commercially available PVA adhesive. The plywood rein-forces the gypsum wallboard to prevent fracture bef
23、ore theultimate shear load can be achieved. The grain of the gypsumwallboard back surface paper is parallel with the 312-in. (89mm) direction.10.1.2 Preparation of Shear Strength Test SpecimensPrepare the number of test specimens indicated in10.1.4-10.1.7by bondinga4by312 in. (102 by 89 mm) piece pl
24、ywood to thepreviously prepared wallboard-plywood laminate as follows:10.1.2.1 Spread the test adhesive onto the plywood bondingsurface with a trowel having316-in. (4.8-mm) deep V-notchesso that the adhesive ridges are parallel to the grain of wood.During application hold he trowel at an approximate
25、 90 angleto the receiving surface.10.1.2.2 Allow an open time of 30 s 6 5 s upon completionof spreading.10.1.2.3 Squarely position the gypsum wallboard-plywoodlaminate back surface paper onto the adhesive coated plywoodwith the overlapping 212 6116-in. (63.5 6 1.6 mm), thusforming the 10 in.2(64.5 c
26、m2) bonded area. See Fig. 3.10.1.2.4 Insert six wire spacers No. 20 gauge at least 2-in.(51.0-mm) long in the joint 1-in. 6116-in. (25.4 6 1.6 mm).Position the spacers so that one is on the centerline of thebonded area (perpendicular to the ridges), and the others are 1in. (25.4 mm) away from the ce
27、nter spacers and parallel to it.10.1.2.5 Immediately following assembly, compress eachtest specimen under a uniformly distributed load of 15 lb (67N) for a period of 3 to 312 min.10.1.2.6 After the 3 to 3-12 min period, remove the load,wipe the excess adhesive from the bonded edges with asquare-edge
28、d spatula, and withdraw the spacers, taking carenot to disturb the alignment of the bonded pieces.10.1.3 Shear Strength DeterminationAfter completing theappropriate conditioning, test the specimen in shear using acompression-shear test fixture as shown in Fig. 1. The bottomedge of the wallboard-plyw
29、ood laminate rests on self-aligningseat as the test loading is simultaneously applied to the topedge of the single plywood. The stress applied is parallel anduniformly distributed to the bond line shear plane and requirescareful orientation using shims and self-aligning apparatus asnecessary. Determ
30、ine the shear strength at a crosshead speed of0.50-in/min (12.7 mm)/min). Observations are made duringstress application to ensure the test assembly maintains properalignment and the fixture operates without binding or frictionthroughout the test. Record the maximum shear strength andthe average she
31、ar strength for the 24 h, 14day, cycle exposure,and static load test conditions.10.1.4 Shear Strength After 24 h:10.1.4.1 Prepare five shear test specimens using the proce-dure outlined in 10.1.1 to 10.1.2.10.1.4.2 After curing the shear test specimens 24 h 6 1hatstandard conditions, determine the s
32、hear strength in accordancewith 10.1.3.10.1.5 Shear Strength After 14 Days:10.1.5.1 Prepare five shear test specimens using the proce-dure outlined in 10.1.1 to 10.1.2.10.1.5.2 After conditioning the specimens 14 days at stan-dard conditions, determine the shear strength in accordancewith 10.1.3.10.
33、1.6 Shear Strength After Cyclic Exposure:FIG. 3 Shear Strength Test Specimen AssemblyC55703e1410.1.6.1 Prepare five shear test specimens using the proce-dure outlined in 10.1.1 to 10.1.2.10.1.6.2 After conditioning the shear test specimens 14 daysat standard conditions, process the shear test specim
34、ensthrough four complete cycles (Table 2). Store the shear testspecimens at standard conditions for 24 h after each cycle.10.1.6.3 At the end of the cycling, condition the testspecimens for 2 days in standard conditions and determine theshear strength in accordance with 10.1.3.10.1.7 Shear Strength
35、for Static Load:10.1.7.1 Prepare ten shear test specimens using the proce-dure outlined in 10.1.1 to 10.1.2.10.1.7.2 Condition the shear test specimens 14 days atstandard conditions.10.1.7.3 Subject five shear test specimens to a static load of40 lbf (178 N) at 73 6 2F (23 6 1C) and five shear tests
36、pecimens to 20 lbf (89 N) at 100.2 6 2.0F (38 6 1C) for aperiod of 24 h. When testing, the wallboard/plywood laminateshould be fixed to a rigid frame. The full test load is applied tothe unsupported single plywood side of the adhesive bondline.10.1.7.4 At the end of the 24 h period, examine the test
37、specimen bondline for indication of separation. Such separa-tion is regarded as a failure.10.2 Tensile Strength (Rate of Tensile Strength Develop-ment):10.2.1 Preparation of Tensile Test SpecimensPrepare eachtensile test specimen as follows:10.2.1.1 Prepare the number of test specimens indicated in1
38、0.2.3 and 10.2.4. Each tensile test specimen consists ofa4by4by12 in. (101.6 by 101.6 by 12.7 mm) thick gypsumwallboard, and 112 by 112 by 312 in. (38 by 38 by 89 mm)Douglas-fir lumber block. See Fig. 4. If necessary reinforce thegypsum wallboard by constructing a gypsum wallboard-plywood laminate f
39、or testing with the method described in10.1.1. Drill a pilot hole for the wood screw with eyelet at theapproximate center into the Douglas-fir block end face. Thepilot hole is drilled straight and parallel with the blocks length.The wood screw with eyelet will be used for connecting the testspecimen
40、 to the test machine. Install the wood screw into thepilot hole with sufficient thread engagement to withstand thetensile force application.10.2.1.2 Bond the wallboard back surface paper to theDouglas-fir block by applying full coverage with sufficientadhesive to cause uniform squeeze-out of excess
41、adhesive onall sides when the bond area is compressed to a line thicknessof approximately132 in. (0.8 mm).10.2.1.3 Insert and position two wire spacers, No. 20 gauge,at least 3 in. (76 mm) long into the bonded area with thespacers positioned14 in. (6.3 mm) from each edge of the woodblock.10.2.1.4 Co
42、mpress the bonded area of each tensile testspecimen immediately under a load of 5 lb 6 0.1 lb (22 N) for3 min.10.2.1.5 Scrape all excess adhesive away from edges usinga square-tipped spatula. Remove the weight and next thespacers, taking care to avoid disturbing the alignment. See Fig.4.10.2.2 Tensi
43、le-Strength DeterminationDetermine the ten-sile strength of the adhesive on a testing machine capable ofproviding loading at a rate of 60 lbf (267 N)/min. Position thetensile test specimen with the Douglas-fir wood block centeredbetween the angles. Refer to Fig. 2. The tensile test fixture ismounted
44、 to a permanent base and includes self-alignmentfeatures to ensure the stress application is perpendicular to thejoint until failure. Connect the tensile test specimen to the testmachine by connecting the tension rod with clevis to the woodscrew with the eyelet. Ensure the test assembly maintainspro
45、per alignment throughout the test. Record the maximumtensile strength of each specimen and the average tensilestrength for the 24 h and 14 day tests.10.2.3 Tensile Strength After 24 h:10.2.3.1 Prepare five tensile test specimens using the pro-cedure outlined in 10.2.1.10.2.3.2 After conditioning the
46、 tensile test specimens 24 hat standard conditions, determine the tensile strength in accor-dance with 10.2.2.10.2.4 Tensile Strength After 14 Days:10.2.4.1 Prepare five tensile test specimens using the pro-cedure outlined in 10.2.1.10.2.4.2 After conditioning the tensile test specimens 14days at st
47、andard conditions, determine the tensile strength inaccordance with 10.2.2.10.3 Adhesive Open-Time Determination:10.3.1 Prepare five open-time specimens as follows:10.3.1.1 Using a suitable template (Fig. 5), spread a uniformbead of adhesive38 by38 by 2 in. (9.5 by 9.5 by 51 mm) longon the back pape
48、r surface ofa2by4in.(51by102mm)pieceof gypsum wallboard that has been conditioned for 24 h atstandard conditions.10.3.1.2 After conditioning the assembly for 30 min 6 1min at standard conditions, positiona2by4in.(51by102mm) piece of gypsum wallboard centrally over the bead andbefore compressing the
49、adhesive, rotate the top piece 90degrees thus creating an X-figure overlay. Immediately place a5lb6 0.1 lb (22 N) weight on the assembly. Remove theweight after 30 min.10.3.1.3 After a period of 24 h under standard conditions,pull the assembly apart.10.3.1.4 Examine the test specimen bonded area for percentof transfer and paper failure. Report the average for the five testspecimens.10.4 Substrate Wet-Out by Adhesive:10.4.1 PlywoodPrepare five plywood wet-out test speci-mens as follows:TABLE 2 Cyclic-Exposure Conditioning fo
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