1、Designation:C56705a Designation: C567/C567M 11Standard Test Method forDetermining Density of Structural Lightweight Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C567/C567M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method p
3、rovides procedures to determine the oven-dry and equilibrium densities of structural lightweight concrete.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to
4、be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pou
5、nd equivalentsare not used in practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylim
6、itations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC138/C138
7、M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryC470/C470M Specification for Molds for Forming Concrete Test Cylinders Vertical
8、lyE104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of Aqueous Solutions3. Terminology3.1 Terminology used in this test method is defined in Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 equilibrium density, nthe density as determined in 8.2 reached by str
9、uctural lightweight concrete after exposure torelative humidity of 50 6 5 % and a temperature of 23 6 2 C (73.573.5 6 3.5 F)F for a period of time sufficient to reachconstant mass.3.2.2 oven-dry densitythe density as determined in 8.3 reached by structural lightweight concrete after being placed in
10、adrying oven at 110 6 5 C (230230 6 9 F)F for a period of time sufficient to reach constant mass.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method provides procedures for determining the oven-dry and equilibrium densities of structural lightweightconcrete, by calculation or measurement. The calculated o
11、ven-dry density is determined from batch quantities and volume of agiven batch of concrete. The calculated equilibrium density is approximated by adding a fixed quantity to the oven-dry density.Measured densities are obtained from determinations of the mass of cylindrical specimens after specified t
12、reatments.5. Significance and Use5.1 The measured or calculated equilibrium density of structural lightweight concrete determines whether specified density1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
13、ittee C09.21 onLightweight Aggregates and Concrete.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2005.2011. Published January 2006.2012. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C56705.C56705a.DOI: 10.1520/C0567-05A.10.1520/C0567_C0567M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
14、ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard a
15、n indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is t
16、o be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.requirements have been met. Unless otherwise specified, determine equilibrium dens
17、ity by calculation using the procedures in 9.2.5.2 Test Method C138/C138M shall be used to determine the density of freshly mixed lightweight concrete for compliance withconcrete placement specifications.NOTE 1The fresh density of lightweight aggregate concrete is a function of mixture proportions,
18、air content, water demand, and the specific densityand moisture content of the lightweight aggregate. Decrease in density of a specific lightweight concrete is due to moisture loss that, in turn, is a functionof aggregate moisture content, ambient conditions, and the ratio of the surface area to the
19、 volume of the concrete member. For most structural lightweightconcretes, equilibrium density is approached at about 90 days. For most high-strength lightweight concretes, equilibrium density is approached at about180 days. Extensive tests demonstrate that despite variations in the initial moisture
20、content of lightweight aggregate, the equilibrium density will beapproximately 50 kg/m3(3.0 lb/ft3.0 lb/ft3) greater than the oven-dry density.6. Apparatus6.1 Tamping Rod, Mallet, Measure, Balance, and MoldsThese shall conform to the requirements of Test MethodC138/C138M and Specification C470/C470M
21、.6.1.1 MeasureA 14-L (0.5-ftA 14-L 0.5-ft3) measure shall be the standard (see Note 3).6.2 Controlled Humidity EnclosureA room controlled at 50 6 5 % relative humidity and 23 6 2 C (73.573.5 6 3 F)For a small chamber meeting the requirements of Practice E104.6.3 Drying OvenAn oven of appropriate siz
22、e capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 1106 5 C (230230 6 9F),F, and an average evaporation rate of at least 25 g/h. Determine evaporation rate in accordance with Test Method C88.7. Sampling, and Making, and Curing Test Specimens7.1 SamplingSample field-mixed concrete in accordance with P
23、ractice C172.7.2 Specimens for Determining Equilibrium Density and Oven-dry DensityDetermine the equilibrium density and oven-drydensity on 150 by 300-mm (66 by 12-in.)12-in. concrete cylinders.7.2.1 Make test cylinders in accordance with Practice C192/C192M or C31/C31M, whichever is applicable. Mak
24、e threecylinders for equilibrium density measurements, and make three cylinders for oven-dry density measurements.7.3 Curing Specimens:7.3.1 Unless otherwise specified, test cylinders used for the determination of equilibrium density shall be cured in accordancewith Practice C192/C192M or the standa
25、rd curing procedure in Practice C31/C31M.NOTE 2Cylinders may be stripped after 24 h and wrapped securely with a plastic sheet or bag to prevent loss of moisture, or may remain in coveredmolds until the time of test.7.3.2 Unless otherwise specified, for the first 24 h or until the time of test, store
26、 the test cylinders used for the determinationof oven-dry density under conditions that maintain a temperature adjacent to the cylinders in the range from 16 to 27 C (6060to 80 F)F and that prevent loss of moisture from the cylinders.8. Procedure8.1 Measurement of Freshly Mixed Concrete DensityDeter
27、mine the density of the freshly mixed concrete in accordance withTest Method C138/C138M.NOTE 3Numerous observations indicate that the same compactive effort used on smaller concrete specimens will cause the fresh densities to behigher. The fresh density as determined from measurements on 150 by 300-
28、mm (66 by 12-in.)12-in. cylinders of lightweight concrete consolidated byrodding, in accordance with Practice C192/C192M or Practice C31/C31M will average 40 kg/m3(2.5 lb/ft2.5 lb/ft3) higher than the fresh density asmeasured using a 14-L (0.5-ft0.5-ft3) measure in accordance with Test Method C138/C
29、138M.8.2 Measurement of Equilibrium DensityTo measure the equilibrium density, remove the cylinders from their curing conditionon the seventh day after molding and immerse in water at 23 6 2 C (73.573.5 6 3.5 F)F for 24 h. Measure the apparent massof the cylinders while suspended and completely subm
30、erged in water and record as “C,” the mass of the suspended-immersedcylinder. Remove from the water and allow to drain for 1 min by placing the cylinder on a 9.5-mm (38-in.)-in. or coarser sievecloth. Remove visible water with a damp cloth, determine the mass and record as “B,” the mass of the satur
31、ated-surface-drycylinder. Dry the cylinders with all surfaces exposed, in a controlled humidity enclosure as described in 6.2 until the mass of thespecimen changes not more than 0.5 % (gain or loss) in successive determinations of mass 28 days apart. Determine the mass ofthe dried cylinders and reco
32、rd as “A,” the mass of the dried cylinder. Calculate the equilibrium density of the concrete from Eq1 and 2.EmDensity, kg/m3! 5 A 3 997! / B2C! (1)EmDensity,lb/ft3!5A362.3!/B2C! (2)EmDensity,lb/ft3#! 5 A 3 62.3! / B2C! (2)where:Em= measured equilibrium density, kg/m3(lb/ftlb/ft3,A = mass of cylinder
33、 as dried, kg (lb), lb,C567/C567M 112B = mass of saturated surface-dry cylinder, kg (lb),lb, andC = apparent mass of suspended-immersed cylinder, kg (lb).lb.8.3 Measurement of Oven-Dry DensityAfter 24 h but not to exceed 32 h, remove the cylinders from the mold (see Note 4).Measure the apparent mass
34、 of the cylinders while suspended and completely submerged in water and record as “G” the mass ofthe suspended-immersed cylinders. Remove from the water and allow to drain for 1 min by placing the cylinders on a 9.5-mm(38-in.)-in. or coarser sieve cloth. Remove visible water with a damp cloth, deter
35、mine the mass and record as “F,” the mass ofthe saturated surface-dry cylinders. Place the cylinders in the drying oven at 110 6 5 C (230230 6 9 F)F for 72 h. Allowcylinders to cool for at least thirty minutes but not more than 1 hour and determine the mass. Repeat oven-drying, cooling, anddetermina
36、tion of mass at 24-h intervals until the change in mass is not more than 0.5 %. Record this mass as “D”, the mass of theoven-dried cylinder. Determine the oven-dry density from Eq 3 and 4.OmDensity, kg/m3!5 D 3 997! / F2G! (3)OmDensity,lb/ft3!5D362.3!/F2G! (4)OmDensity,lb/ft3#!5 D 3 62.3! / F2G! (4)
37、where:Om= measured oven-dry density, kg/m3(lb/ftlb/ft3), ,D = mass of oven-dry cylinder, kg (lb), lb,F = mass of saturated surface-dry cylinder, kg (lb),lb, andG = apparent mass of suspended-immersed cylinder, kg (lb).lb.NOTE 4Determination of oven-dry density may be specified to begin at an age oth
38、er than 24-h.9. Calculation9.1 Calculation of Oven-Dry DensityWhere mixture quantities, aggregate moisture content, and the volume of the concretebatch are known, calculate an oven-dry density using Eq 5.Oc5 Mdf1 Mdc1 1.2 Mct! / V (5)where:Oc= calculated oven-dry density, kg/m3(lb/ftlb/ft3), ,Mdf= m
39、ass of dry fine aggregate in batch, kg(lb), kg lb,Mdc= mass of dry coarse aggregate in batch, kg(lb), kg lb,Mct= mass of cement in batch, kg (lb), lb,1.2 = factor to approximate the mass of cement plus chemically combined water, andV = volume of concrete produced by the batch m3(ftft3).9.2 Calculati
40、on of Approximate Equilibrium DensityUsing the oven-dry density determined in accordance with 8.3 or 9.1,calculate the approximate equilibrium density from Eq 6 and 7.Ec5 Oc1 50 kg/m33lb/ft3! (6)Ec5 Oc1 50 kg/m33 lb/ft3# (6)orEc5 Om1 50 kg/m33lb/ft3! (7)Ec5 Om1 50 kg/m33 lb/ft3# (7)where:Ec= calcula
41、ted equilibrium density (see Note 1).10. Report10.1 When oven-dry and equilibrium densities are determined by measurements, the report shall include following information:10.1.1 Fresh density, kg/m3(lb/ftlb/ft3).10.1.2 Mass of suspended-immersed cylinder, kg (lb).lb.10.1.3 Mass of saturated surface
42、dry cylinder, kg (lb).lb.10.1.4 Mass of cylinder after reaching equilibrium, kg (lb). lb.10.1.5 Equilibrium density reported to nearest 10 kg/m3(0.5 lb/ft0.5 lb/ft3). .10.1.6 Age at which equilibrium was reached, days.10.1.7 Mass of oven-dry cylinder, kg (lb). lb.10.1.8 Oven-dry density rounded to t
43、he nearest 10 kg/m3(0.5 lb/ft0.5 lb/ft3). .10.2 When oven-dry and approximate equilibrium densities are determined by calculation, report the following information:10.2.1 Fresh density, kg/m3(lb/ftlb/ft3).10.2.2 Mass of cement and dry aggregates, batched, kg (lb). lb.C567/C567M 11310.2.3 Volume of c
44、oncrete produced from the batch, m3(ftft3). .10.2.4 Calculated oven-dry density, to the nearest 10 kg/m3(0.5 lb/ft0.5 lb/ft3). .10.2.5 Calculated approximate equilibrium density, to the nearest 10 kg/m3(0.5 lb/ft0.5 lb/ft3). .11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has
45、not yet been determined, but an industry-wide multilaboratory testingprogram is being coordinated. The precision statements will be included when the data is compiled and reviewed.11.2 BiasBias for this test method cannot be determined since there is no reference standard available for comparison.12
46、. Keywords12.1equilibrium density; lightweight concrete; oven-dry density12.1 equilibrium density; lightweight concrete; oven-dry densitySUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this test method since the last issue,C56705a, that may impact the use of this t
47、est method. (Approved December 15, 2011)(1) Revised the standard as a dual units test method.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinati
48、on of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdr
49、awn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address show
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