1、Designation: C 580 02Standard Test Method forFlexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts, Monolithic Surfacings, andPolymer Concretes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year o
2、foriginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department
3、 of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of flexuralstrength and modulus of elasticity in flexure of cured chemical-resistant materials in the form of molded rectangular beams.These materials include mortars, brick and tile grouts, struc-tural grouts, machinery grouts, monol
4、ithic surfacings (60 milsor greater), and polymer concretes. These materials shall bebased on resin, silicate, silica, or sulfur binders.1.2 A bar of rectangular cross section is tested in flexure asa simple beam in center point loading: the bar rests on twosupports and the load is applied by means
5、of a loading nosemidway between supports.1.3 Method A outlines the testing procedure generally usedfor systems containing aggregate less than 0.2 in. (5 mm) insize. Method B covers the testing procedure generally used forsystems containing aggregate from 0.2 to 0.4 in. (10 mm) insize. Method C is us
6、ed for systems containing aggregate largerthan 0.4 in.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. Within this text, the SI units shown in parenthesesare provided for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associa
7、ted with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 904 Terminology Relating to Chemical Resistant Nonme-tallic
8、 Materials2C 1312 Practice for Making and Conditioning Chemical-Resistant Sulfur Polymer Cement Concrete Test Speci-mens in the Laboratory2E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, see Terminology C 904.4.
9、Significance and Use4.1 This test method is generally applicable to rigid andsemirigid materials. Although flexural strength cannot bedetermined for those materials that do not break, tangentmodulus of elasticity can be determined.4.2 The results obtained by this test method should serve asa guide i
10、n, but not as the sole basis for, selection of achemical-resistant material for a particular application. Noattempt has been made to incorporate into this test method allthe various factors that may affect the performance of amaterial when subjected to actual service.4.3 In addition to the tangent m
11、odulus of elasticity, a secantmodulus is calculated at the point on the stress-strain (load-deflection) graph where the strain is 50 % of the maximumstrain.5. Apparatus5.1 Weighing Equipment, shall be capable of weighingmaterials or specimens to 60.3 % accuracy.5.2 Equipment for Mixing Materials, sh
12、all consist of acontainer of suitable size, preferably corrosion-resistant, aspatula, trowel, or mechanical mixer, and a38 in. diameter rodwith a rounded end, for use in casting specimens.5.3 Specimen Molds:5.3.1 Method AMolds to permit the casting of bars 1 6116 in. (25 6 1 mm) square by 10 in. (25
13、0 mm) minimumlength.5.3.1.1 For sulfur mortars, the following additional equip-ment is required:(a) Cover Plate, of a size sufficient to enclose the open sideof the bar mold. The base plate from another similar bar moldhas been found to be acceptable.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of AS
14、TM Committee C03 onChemical-Resistant Nonmetallic Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee C03.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originallypublished as C 580 65T. Last previous edition C 580 98.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.
15、05.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(b) C-Clamp, large enough to fasten the cover platesecurely over the bar mold.(c) Melting Chamber, of sufficient volume and heat capac-ity t
16、o melt the sulfur mortar sample and maintain the tempera-ture of the melt between 260 and 290F (127 and 143C).(d) Laboratory Mixer, of such a type and speed to becapable of lifting the aggregate without beating air into themelt.(e) Ladle, of sufficient capacity to completely pour one bar.(f) Masking
17、 Tape, 1 in. (25 mm), or an equivalent.5.3.2 Method BMolds to permit the casting of bars 2 618in. (50 6 3 mm) square by 12 in. (300 mm) minimum length.5.3.3 Method CMolds to permit casting of rectangularbeams shall have a minimum cross-sectional dimension of 2 in.and at least three times the nominal
18、 maximum size of thecoarse aggregate in the polymer concrete (Note 1). The barlength shall be at least three times the beam depth plus 2 in.NOTE 1The nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate is that sizenext larger than the largest sieve on which at least 15 % of the coarseaggregate by weight is ret
19、ained.5.4 Testing MachineThe testing machine shall be of anytype sufficient to provide the required load and the rate ofdeflection prescribed. It shall have been verified to have anaccuracy of 1.0 % or better within twelve months of the time ofuse in accordance with Practices E 4. It shall be equipp
20、ed withan appropriate device to record deflection and produce a graphof load versus deflection.5.5 Loading Nose and SupportsThe loading nose andsupports shall have cylindrical surfaces. To avoid excessiveindentation, the radius of the nose and supports shall be at least18 in. for Method A specimens,
21、14 in. for Method B specimens,and12 in. for Method C specimens.6. Test Specimens6.1 All specimens for a single determination shall be madefrom a single mix containing sufficient amounts of the com-ponents in the proportions and in the manner specified by themanufacturer of the materials. If the prop
22、ortions so specifiedare by volume, the components shall be weighed and thecorresponding proportions by weight shall be reported.6.1.1 Number of SpecimensPrepare a minimum of six testbar specimens for each material tested. Additional specimensmay be required to establish the cross head speed in 9.3.2
23、.6.2 Specimen Size:6.2.1 For Method A, the specimen shall be 1 6116 in. (256 1 mm) square by 10 to 14 in. (254 to 356 mm) long.6.2.2 For Method B, the specimens shall be 2 618 in. (256 1 mm) square by 12 to 16 in. (305 to 406 mm) long.6.2.3 For Method C, the specimens shall be rectangularbeams with
24、cross section as in 5.3.3 and with a length equal tothe span plus 2 to 12 in. (51 to 305 mm).6.3 Specimen Preparation Temperature:6.3.1 Resin, Silicate, and Silica MaterialsThe standardtemperature of the materials, molds, apparatus, and the ambienttemperature of the mixing area shall be 73 6 4F (23
25、6 2C),unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Record theactual temperature.6.3.2 Sulfur MortarsThe material shall be maintained at275 6 15F. The temperature of the molds and the ambienttemperature of the mixing area shall be 73 6 4F (23 6 2C).Record the actual temperature.6.3.3 For Sulfur Co
26、ncrete, the material, mold, apparatus,and mixing equipment shall be 275 6 15F (135 6 8C),unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Refer toPractice C 1312.6.4 Molding Test Specimens:6.4.1 Lubricate the mold by applying a thin film of anappropriate mold release or lubricant.6.4.2 Resin, Silicat
27、e, and Silica MaterialsMix a sufficientamount of the components in the proportions and in the mannerspecified by the manufacturer of the materials. Fill the moldsone-half full. Remove any entrapped air by using a cutting andstabbing motion with a spatula or rounded-end rod. Fill theremainder of the
28、mold, working down into the previouslyplaced portion. Upon completion of the filling operation, thetops of the specimens should extend slightly above the tops ofthe molds. When the molds have been filled, strike off theexcess material, even with the top of the mold. Permit thematerial to remain in t
29、he mold until it has set sufficiently toallow removal without danger of deformation or breakage.6.4.3 Silicate MaterialsSome silicates may require cov-ering during the curing period. After removal from the molds,acid-treat the specimens, if required, in accordance with therecommendations given by th
30、e manufacturer. No other treat-ment shall be permitted. Record the method of treatment in thereport section under Conditioning Procedure.6.4.4 Sulfur Mortars:6.4.4.1 Assemble the mold described in 5.3.1 for the speci-mens. Cover the bolt hole in the mold end piece with 1 in. (25mm) masking tape or o
31、ther material.6.4.4.2 Carefully place the cover plate onto the mold,covering only one of the end pieces. Apply a C-clamp aroundthe mold and cover plate in such a manner as to hold thelongitudinal mold pieces firmly in place with the cover plate.6.4.4.3 Remove the uncovered end piece, being careful n
32、otto disturb the side bars.6.4.4.4 Stand the mold on end, supporting it in such amanner that it will not tip.6.4.4.5 Slowly melt approximately 5 lb (2.3 kg) of sulfurmortar in the melt chamber at a temperature of 275 6 15Fwhile stirring gently with the laboratory mixer. (The mixerspeed should be con
33、trolled so that it is sufficient to lift theaggregate without beating air into the melt.)6.4.4.6 Using the ladle, fill each mold completely, allowingthe molten material to just reach the upper end of the mold.6.4.4.7 Carefully watch the end of the fresh casting andcontinually “top-off” the pour as s
34、hrinkage occurs (approxi-mately three times).6.4.5 Sulfur ConcreteRefer to Practice C 1312.7. Conditioning7.1 Resin, Silica, and Silicate MaterialsAge the testspecimens for a period of seven days, including the cure periodin the mold, at 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and relative humidity lessthan 80 % before t
35、esting.C5800227.2 Sulfur MaterialsBefore testing, condition the speci-mens at 73 6 4F. The time between casting the specimens andtesting the specimens shall be at least 24 h.7.3 If longer or shorter conditioning time is used, theconditioning time shall be reported.8. Procedure8.1 Measurement of Spec
36、imensMeasure the depth andwidth of all test specimens to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm)using a micrometer. Make two measurements for each dimen-sion near the middle of the beams length and average them.8.2 The testing machine shall be set up to test the specimensin simple bending with two supports
37、 and the load being appliedby means of a loading nose midway between the supports.8.2.1 Method AThe span shall be 9 6 0.1 in. (230 6 2mm).8.2.2 Method BThe span shall be 10 6 0.1 in. (254 6 3mm).8.2.3 Method CThe span shall be beam depth times 3 62%.8.3 Cross Head Speed:8.3.1 In order to achieve a s
38、train rate of 0.01 6 0.001 perminute at the top and bottom of the beam, set the testingmachine to produce a cross head speed as determined by thefollowing formula:Speed 50.00167 3 L2d(1)where:speed = the cross head speed, in./min (mm/min),L = span, in. (mm), andd = depth of beam tested, in. (mm).8.3
39、.2 For sulfur concrete, load the specimen continuouslyand without shock. The load may be applied rapidly up toapproximately 50 % of the breaking load. Thereafter, apply theload at such a rate that constantly increases the extreme fiberstress between 125 and 175 psi/min (0.86 and 1.21 MPa/min),when c
40、alculated in accordance with 9.1, until rupture occurs.8.4 Place the specimen in the testing machine in such amanner that the faces of the beam that were in contact with thetrue plane surfaces of the mold are in contact with the supportsand the center loading nose. Center the beam over thespecimen s
41、upports.8.5 Apply the load to the specimen at the speed calculated in8.3.1 (this is the cross head speed of the machine when runningwithout load) and record load deflection data. Deflection shallbe measured by either a transducer under the specimen and incontact with it at the center of the span, or
42、 by the measurementof the motion of the loading nose relative to the supports.8.5.1 Stop the test when the specimen breaks or the loaddrops off 25 % from its highest value.9. Calculations9.1 Flexural StrengthThe flexural strength is equal to thestress calculated at maximum load. It is calculated as
43、follows:S 5 3 PL/2 bd2(2)where:S = stress in the specimen at midspan, psi (MPa),P = the maximum load at or prior to the moment of crackor break, lbf (or N),L = span, in. (mm),b = width of beam tested, in. (mm), andd = depth of beam tested, in. (mm).9.2 Modulus of Elasticity (Tangent)The tangent modu
44、lusof elasticity is the ratio, within the elastic limit, of stress tocorresponding strain, and shall be expressed in psi (MPa). It iscalculated by drawing a tangent line to the steepest initialportion of the load-deformation curve and calculating asfollows:ET5 L3M1/4 bd3(3)where:ET= tangent modulus
45、of elasticity in bending, psi (GPa),L = span, in. (mm),b = width of beam tested, in. (mm),d = depth of beam tested, in. (mm), andM1= slope of the tangent to the initial straight-line portionof the load-deflection curve, lbf/in. (N/mm) deflec-tion.9.3 Modulus of Elasticity (Secant):9.3.1 The secant m
46、odulus of elasticity is the ratio of stress tocorresponding strain at any specified point of the stress straincurve. It shall be expressed in psi (GPa).9.3.2 Under this procedure the secant modulus of elasticityshall be calculated at the point at which the deflection is 50 %of the maximum deflection
47、. It shall be calculated as follows:ES5 L3M2/4 bd3(4)where:ES= the secant modulus of elasticity in bending, psi(GPa),L = span, in. (mm),b = width of beam tested, in. (mm),d = depth of beam tested, in. (mm), andM2= the slope of a line drawn from the origin through thepoint on the load deflection curv
48、e where the deflec-tion = 50 % of the maximum deflection, lbf/in. (N/mm).10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Manufacturer, product trade name, generic type, andlot number;10.1.2 Method used, bar dimensions, and testing span;10.1.3 Mixing ratio and component weights;10.1.4 Conditio
49、ning procedure and duration in days;10.1.5 Test conditions (temperature and humidity);10.1.6 Load-deflection curve for each specimen tested; and10.1.7 Individual and average results of flexural strength,tangent modulus of elasticity, and secant modulus of elasticity.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Precision and bias for this test method have not beenestablished.C58002311.2 Test specimens that are manifestly faulty should berejected and not considered in determining the flexural strengthand modulus of elasticity.11.3 If any strength value differs
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