1、Designation: C591 11Standard Specification forUnfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular PolyisocyanurateThermal Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the types,
3、 physical properties,and dimensions of unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyiso-cyanurate plastic material intended for use as thermal insula-tion on surfaces from -297F (-183C) to 300F (149C). Forspecific applications, the actual temperature limits shall beagreed upon by the manufacturer and purch
4、aser.1.2 This specification only covers “polyurethane modifiedpolyisocyanurate” thermal insulation which is commonly re-ferred to as “polyisocyanurate” thermal insulation. This stan-dard does not encompass all polyurethane modified materials.Polyurethane modified polyisocyanurate and other polyure-t
5、hane materials are similar, but the materials will performdifferently under some service conditions.1.3 This standard is designed as a material specification, nota design document. Physical property requirements vary byapplication and temperature. At temperatures below -70F(-51C) the physical proper
6、ties of the polyisocyanurate insula-tion at the service temperature are of particular importance.Below -70F (-51C) the manufacturer and the purchaser mustagree on what additional cold temperature performance prop-erties are required to determine if the material can functionadequately for the particu
7、lar application.1.4 The main body of this standard addresses requirementsof unfaced preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermalinsulation manufactured using blowing agents with an ozonedepletion potential of 0 (ODP 0).1.5 The table in the Annex A1 addresses requirements ofunfaced preformed rig
8、id cellular polyisocyanurate thermalinsulation manufactured with HCFC blowing agent.1.6 When adopted by an authority having jurisdiction, codesthat address fire properties in many applications regulate theuse of the thermal insulation materials covered by this speci-fication. Fire properties are con
9、trolled by job, project, or otherspecifications where codes or government regulations do notapply.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not conside
10、red standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.
11、 Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Propertiesof Thermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC
12、272 Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materialsfor Structural Sandwich ConstructionsC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-ties of Pipe InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acce
13、ptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC550 Test Method for Measuring Trueness and Squarenessof Rigid Block and Board
14、Thermal Insulation1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.22 onOrganic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.Current edition approved May 15, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved
15、 in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C591 09. DOI:10.1520/C0591-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag
16、e onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of ThermalInsulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and TubingC871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of ThermalInsulation Ma
17、terials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride,Silicate, and Sodium IonsC1045 Practice for CalculatingThermalTransmission Prop-erties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluatingand Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal InsulationC1114 Test Method for Steady-Stat
18、e Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC1303 Test Method for Predicting Long-Term ThermalResistance of Closed-Cell Foam InsulationC1363 Test Method for Thermal Performance of BuildingMaterials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a HotBox ApparatusD883 Terminology Relat
19、ing to PlasticsD1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidCellular PlasticsD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid CellularPlasticsD2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plasticsto Thermal and Humid AgingD2856 Test Method for Open-Cell Content of Rigid Cellu-lar Plastics
20、by the Air Pycnometer3D6226 Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid CellularPlasticsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterials3. Terminology3.1 For descriptions of terms used in this specification, referto
21、 Terminologies C168 and D883.3.2 The term polyisocyanurate does not encompass allpolyurethane containing materials (see 1.2).3.3 The term “core specimen” refers to representativesamples cut in accordance with the sampling procedure listedwithin each property test method.3.4 Definitions of Terms Spec
22、ific to This Standard:3.4.1 ozone depletion potential (ODP)a relative indexindicating the extent to which a chemical product causes ozonedepletion.3.4.1.1 DiscussionThe reference level of 1 is the potentialof trichlorofluoromethane (R-11 or CFC-11) to cause ozonedepletion. ODP-0 an ozone depletion p
23、otential of zero.4. Classification4.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation covered by this specification is classified into sixtypes as follows:4.1.1 Type ICompressive resistance of 20 lb/in2(137kPa), minimum.4.1.2 Type IVCompressive resistance of 22 lb/in2(150kPa),
24、 minimum.4.1.3 Type IICompressive resistance of 35 lb/in2(240kPa), minimum.4.1.4 Type IIICompressive resistance of 45 lb/in2(310kPa), minimum.4.1.5 Type VCompressive resistance of 80 lb/in2(550kPa), minimum.4.1.6 Type VICompressive resistance of 125 lb/in2(862kPa), minimum.4.2 Unfaced, preformed rig
25、id cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation covered by this specification is classified intoone grade as follows:4.2.1 Grade 2Service temperature range of -297F(-183C) to 300F (149C).5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for materials purchased under this specificationshall include the following:5.
26、1.1 Designation of this specification and year of issue,5.1.2 Product name or grade/type, or both,5.1.3 Apparent thermal conductivity and specific thicknessrequired,5.1.4 Product dimensions,5.1.5 Quantity of material,5.1.6 Special packaging or marking, if required, and5.1.7 Special requirements for
27、inspection or testing, or both.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation is produced by the polymerization of polymericpolyisocyanates in the presence of polyhydroxyl compounds,catalysts, cell stabilizers, and blowing agents.6.2 The materi
28、al covered by this specification shall besupplied in “bun” form or finished board stock or specialshapes as agreed upon by the manufacturer and end-user.7. Physical Properties7.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.
29、 See Note 1.NOTE 1It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to determinethe technical requirements for their specific applications and to select anappropriate Type of material.7.2 Polyisocyanurate thermal insulation is an organic mate-rial and is combustible. Do not expose this insulatio
30、n to flamesor other ignition sources. The fire performance of the materialshall be addressed through fire test requirements established bythe appropriate governing authority. The manufacturer shall becontacted for specific data as fire performance characteristicwill vary with grade, type, and thickn
31、ess.7.3 Not all physical properties at temperature below -70F(-51C) have been fully tested. Where these properties arecritical, the user shall consult the manufacturer for propertiesand performance at these lower temperatures.8. Dimensions and Tolerances8.1 The dimensions shall be as agreed upon by
32、the pur-chaser and the supplier. Polyisocyanurate thermal insulation is3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.C591 112commonly available in lengths up to 144 in. (3.66 m), widthsup to 48 in. (1.22 m), and thicknesses from 0.5 in. (13 mm) to24 i
33、n. (610 mm).8.2 Insulation Board:8.2.1 Dimensional tolerances for boards shall be as follows:Dimension Tolerance, in. (mm)Length 618 (3.2)Width 6116 (1.6)Thickness 6132 (0.8)8.2.2 Edge TruenessDetermine in accordance with TestMethod C550. The maximum deviation from the edge truenessshall not be grea
34、ter than132 in/ft (2.6 mm/m) of length orwidth.8.2.3 Face TruenessDetermine in accordance with TestMethod C550. The maximum deviation from flatness shall notbe greater than116 in/ft (5.2 mm/m) of length or width.8.2.4 Corner SquarenessDetermine in accordance withTest Method C550. The maximum deviati
35、on from cornersquareness shall not be greater than18 in. (3.2 mm) for allboard thicknesses.8.2.5 Edge SquarenessDetermine in accordance with TestMethod C550. The maximum deviation from edge squarenessshall not be greater that116 in. (1.6 mm) for all boardthicknesses.8.3 Pipe Insulation:8.3.1 Materia
36、l supplied for pipe insulation shall have di-mensions and tolerances that are in accordance with PracticeC585.9. Workmanship and Appearances9.1 The polyisocyanurate thermal insulation shall have nodefects that will adversely affect its service qualities.10. Sampling10.1 Unless otherwise specified, t
37、he polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation shall be sampled and inspected for acceptance ofmaterial in accordance with Practice C390.10.2 Inspection Requirements:10.2.1 The requirements for density shown in Table 1, thedimensional requirements described in Section 8, and theworkmanship and appearance r
38、equirements described in Sec-tion 9 are defined as inspection requirements (refer to PracticeC390).10.3 Qualification Requirements:10.3.1 The physical requirements shown in Table 1 exceptdensity are defined as qualification requirements (refer toPractice C390). Density is defined as an inspection re
39、quire-ment.TABLE 1 Physical Property RequirementsGrade 2: Operating Temperature Range -297F (-183C) to 300F (149C)ANOTEGrade 1, which was specific to PIR for use at operating temperatures of -70F (-51C) to 300F (149C) , was deleted in 2009 because thismaterial was no longer produced. Grade 2 was not
40、 renumbered to minimize conflict with various global engineering and end-user specifications whichrequire the use of materials complying with, “ASTM C591, Grade 2”.Property Type I Type IV Type II Type III Type V Type VIDensity, min lb/ft3(kg/m3) 1.8 (29) 2.0 (32) 2.5 (40) 3.0 (48) 4.0 (60) 6.0 (96)C
41、ompressive resistance at 10 % deformationor yield whichever occurs first, parallel torise, min, lb/in2(kPa)20 (137) 22 (150) 35 (240) 45 (310) 80 (550) 125 (862)Apparent thermal conductivity, maxBtu-in/h-ft2-F (W/m-K),at a mean temperature of:-200F (-129C) .13 (.019) .13 (.019) .13 (.019) .14 (.020)
42、 .14 (.020) .15 (.022)-150F (-101C) .15 (.022) .15 (.022) .15 (.022) .16 (.023) .16 (.023) .17 (.025)-100F (-73C) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .18 (.026) .18 (.026) .19 (.027)-50F (-46C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030)0F (-17C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .
43、21 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.032)50F (10C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030)75F (24C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.032)150F (66C) .24 (.035) .24 (.035) .24 (.035) .25 (.036) .25 (.036) .26 (.037)200F (93C) .27 (.039) .27 (.039) .27 (.039)
44、 .28 (.040) .28 (.040) .30 (.044)Water absorption, max, % by volume 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8Water vapor permeability, max, perm-in (ng/Pa-s-m) 4.0 (5.8) 4.0 (5.8) 3.5 (5.1) 3.0 (4.4) 2.5 (3.7) 2.0 (2.9)Dimensional stability, max % linear change158 6 4F (70 6 2C), 97 + 3 % relative humidity 444444-40
45、6 6F (-40 6 3C), ambient relative humidity 111111212 6 4F (100 6 2C), ambient relative humidity 222222Closed cell content, min 90 90 90 90 90 90Hot-surface performance, at 300F (149C)BPass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassAThis specification does not purport to address all the performance issues associated w
46、ith its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate performance criteria.BPass/fail criteria found in 12.4.C591 11311. Specimen Preparation11.1 A period of at least 72 h shall elapse from the time ofmanufacture of the polyisocyanurate thermal insulation untilcu
47、tting of any test specimens. The core test specimens shall becut from the cores of the test samples as required for testing.11.2 Unless otherwise specified, the test specimens shall beconditioned at 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity for at least 12 h prior to testing.12. Test Methods12
48、.1 DensityDetermine in accordance with Test MethodD1622 or C303.12.2 Compressive ResistanceDetermine in accordancewith Test Method C165, Procedure A or Test Method D1621,Procedure A at a crosshead speed of 0.1 in/min (2.5 mm/min)for each 1 in. (25 mm) of specimen thickness. See Note 2.NOTE 2Polyisoc
49、yanurate insulation can be anisotropic and, therefore,strength properties can vary with direction. The manufacturer should beconsulted if additional information is required.12.3 Apparent Thermal ConductivityDetermine in accor-dance with either Test Methods C177, C518, C1114 or C1363in accordance with Practice C1045 using the small temperaturedifferences indicated in Practice C1058, Table 3. In some caseswhere this insulation is used in pipe applications, Test MethodC335 is applicable. The core 1 in. (25
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