1、Designation: C591 12aStandard Specification forUnfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular PolyisocyanurateThermal Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the types
3、, physical properties,and dimensions of unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyiso-cyanurate plastic material intended for use as thermal insula-tion on surfaces from -297F (-183C) to 300F (149C). Forspecific applications, the actual temperature limits shall beagreed upon by the manufacturer and purc
4、haser.1.2 This specification only covers “polyurethane modifiedpolyisocyanurate” thermal insulation which is commonly re-ferred to as “polyisocyanurate” thermal insulation. This stan-dard does not encompass all polyurethane modified materials.Polyurethane modified polyisocyanurate and other polyure-
5、thane materials are similar, but the materials will performdifferently under some service conditions.1.3 This standard is designed as a material specification, nota design document. Physical property requirements vary byapplication and temperature. At temperatures below -70F(-51C) the physical prope
6、rties of the polyisocyanurate insula-tion at the service temperature are of particular importance.Below -70F (-51C) the manufacturer and the purchaser mustagree on what additional cold temperature performance prop-erties are required to determine if the material can functionadequately for the partic
7、ular application.1.4 This standard addresses requirements of unfaced pre-formed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulationmanufactured using blowing agents with an ozone depletionpotential of 0 (ODP 0).1.5 When adopted by an authority having jurisdiction, codesthat address fire properties in
8、 many applications regulate theuse of the thermal insulation materials covered by this speci-fication. Fire properties are controlled by job, project, or otherspecifications where codes or government regulations do notapply.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The
9、 values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
10、 establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Propertiesof Thermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test M
11、ethod for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC272 Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materialsfor Structural Sandwich ConstructionsC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and BoardType Therm
12、al InsulationC335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-ties of Pipe InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionPrope
13、rties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC550 Test Method for Measuring Trueness and Squarenessof Rigid Block and Board Thermal InsulationC585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of ThermalInsulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and TubingC871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of ThermalInsul
14、ation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride,Silicate, and Sodium IonsC1045 Practice for CalculatingThermalTransmission Prop-erties Under Steady-State Conditions1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt
15、ee C16.22 onOrganic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C591 12. DOI:10.1520/C0591-12A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org
16、, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C1058 Practice
17、 for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluatingand Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal InsulationC1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC1303 Test Method for Predicting Long-Term ThermalResistance of Closed-Cell Foam InsulationC1363 Test
18、 Method for Thermal Performance of BuildingMaterials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a HotBox ApparatusD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidCellular PlasticsD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid CellularPlasticsD2126 Test Method for
19、Response of Rigid Cellular Plasticsto Thermal and Humid AgingD2856 Test Method for Open-Cell Content of Rigid Cellu-lar Plastics by the Air Pycnometer3D6226 Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid CellularPlasticsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE96/E96M Tes
20、t Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterials3. Terminology3.1 For descriptions of terms used in this specification, referto Terminologies C168 and D883.3.2 The term polyisocyanurate does not encompass allpolyurethane containing materials (see 1.2).3.3 The term “core specimen” refers to represe
21、ntativesamples cut in accordance with the sampling procedure listedwithin each property test method.3.4 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.4.1 ozone depletion potential (ODP)a relative indexindicating the extent to which a chemical product causes ozonedepletion.3.4.1.1 DiscussionThe re
22、ference level of 1 is the potentialof trichlorofluoromethane (R-11 or CFC-11) to cause ozonedepletion. ODP 0 is an ozone depletion potential of zero.4. Classification4.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation covered by this specification is classified into sixtypes a
23、s follows:4.1.1 Type ICompressive resistance of 20 lb/in2(137kPa), minimum.4.1.2 Type IVCompressive resistance of 22 lb/in2(150kPa), minimum.4.1.3 Type IICompressive resistance of 35 lb/in2(240kPa), minimum.4.1.4 Type IIICompressive resistance of 45 lb/in2(310kPa), minimum.4.1.5 Type VCompressive re
24、sistance of 80 lb/in2(550kPa), minimum.4.1.6 Type VICompressive resistance of 125 lb/in2(862kPa), minimum.4.2 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation covered by this specification is classified intoone grade as follows:4.2.1 Grade 2Service temperature range of -297F(-1
25、83C) to 300F (149C).5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for materials purchased under this specificationshall include the following:5.1.1 Designation of this specification and year of issue,5.1.2 Product name or grade/type, or both,5.1.3 Apparent thermal conductivity and specific thicknessrequired,5.1
26、.4 Product dimensions,5.1.5 Quantity of material,5.1.6 Special packaging or marking, if required, and5.1.7 Special requirements for inspection or testing, or both.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation is produced by the polymerization
27、of polymericpolyisocyanates in the presence of polyhydroxyl compounds,catalysts, cell stabilizers, and blowing agents.6.2 The material covered by this specification shall besupplied in “bun” form, finished board stock, or special shapesas agreed upon by the manufacturer and end-user.7. Physical Prop
28、erties7.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1. See Note 1.NOTE 1It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to determinethe technical requirements for their specific applications and to select anappropriat
29、e Type of material.7.2 Polyisocyanurate thermal insulation is an organic mate-rial and is combustible. Do not expose this insulation to flamesor other ignition sources. The fire performance of the materialshall be addressed through fire test requirements established bythe appropriate governing autho
30、rity. The manufacturer shall becontacted for specific data as fire performance characteristicwill vary with grade, type, and thickness.7.3 Not all physical properties at temperatures below -70F(-51C) have been fully tested. Where these properties arecritical, the user shall consult the manufacturer
31、for propertiesand performance at these lower temperatures.8. Dimensions and Tolerances8.1 The dimensions shall be as agreed upon by the pur-chaser and the supplier. Polyisocyanurate thermal insulation iscommonly available in lengths up to 144 in. (3.66 m), widthsup to 48 in. (1.22 m), and thicknesse
32、s from 0.5 in. (13 mm) to24 in. (610 mm).8.2 Insulation Board:8.2.1 Dimensional tolerances for boards shall be as follows:3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.C591 12a2Dimension Tolerance, in. (mm)Length 618 (3.2)Width 6116 (1.6)Thickness 613
33、2 (0.8)8.2.2 Edge TruenessDetermine in accordance with TestMethod C550. The maximum deviation from the edge truenessshall not be greater than132 in/ft (2.6 mm/m) of length orwidth.8.2.3 Face TruenessDetermine in accordance with TestMethod C550. The maximum deviation from flatness shall notbe greater
34、 than116 in/ft (5.2 mm/m) of length or width.8.2.4 Corner SquarenessDetermine in accordance withTest Method C550. The maximum deviation from cornersquareness shall not be greater than18 in. (3.2 mm) for allboard thicknesses.8.2.5 Edge SquarenessDetermine in accordance with TestMethod C550. The maxim
35、um deviation from edge squarenessshall not be greater that116 in. (1.6 mm) for all boardthicknesses.8.3 Pipe Insulation:8.3.1 Material supplied for pipe insulation shall have di-mensions and tolerances that are in accordance with PracticeC585.9. Workmanship and Appearances9.1 The polyisocyanurate th
36、ermal insulation shall have nodefects that will adversely affect its service qualities.10. Sampling10.1 Unless otherwise specified, the polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation shall be sampled and inspected for acceptance ofmaterial in accordance with Practice C390.10.2 Inspection Requirements:10.2.1 T
37、he requirements for density shown in Table 1, thedimensional requirements described in Section 8, and theworkmanship and appearance requirements described in Sec-tion 9 are defined as inspection requirements (refer to PracticeC390).10.3 Qualification Requirements:10.3.1 The physical requirements sho
38、wn in Table 1 exceptdensity are defined as qualification requirements (refer toPractice C390). Density is defined as an inspection require-ment.11. Specimen Preparation11.1 A period of at least 72 h shall elapse from the time ofmanufacture of the polyisocyanurate thermal insulation untilcutting of a
39、ny test specimens. The core test specimens shall becut from the cores of the test samples as required for testing.11.2 Unless otherwise specified, the test specimens shall beconditioned at 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity for at least 12 h prior to testing.TABLE 1 Physical Property Re
40、quirementsGrade 2: Operating Temperature Range -297F (-183C) to 300F (149C)ANOTEGrade 1, which was specific to PIR for use at operating temperatures of -70F (-51C) to 300F (149C) , was deleted in 2009 because thismaterial was no longer produced. Grade 2 was not renumbered to minimize conflict with v
41、arious global engineering and end-user specifications whichrequire the use of materials complying with, “ASTM C591, Grade 2”.Property Type I Type IV Type II Type III Type V Type VIDensity, min lb/ft3(kg/m3) 1.8 (29) 2.0 (32) 2.5 (40) 3.0 (48) 4.0 (60) 6.0 (96)Compressive resistance at 10 % deformati
42、onor yield whichever occurs first, parallel torise, min, lb/in2(kPa)20 (137) 22 (150) 35 (240) 45 (310) 80 (550) 125 (862)Apparent thermal conductivity, maxBtu-in/h-ft2-F (W/m-K),at a mean temperature of:-200F (-129C) .13 (.019) .13 (.019) .13 (.019) .14 (.020) .14 (.020) .15 (.022)-150F (-101C) .15
43、 (.022) .15 (.022) .15 (.022) .16 (.023) .16 (.023) .17 (.025)-100F (-73C) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .18 (.026) .18 (.026) .19 (.027)-50F (-46C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030)0F (-17C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.032)50F (10C
44、) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030)75F (24C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.032)150F (66C) .24 (.035) .24 (.035) .24 (.035) .25 (.036) .25 (.036) .26 (.037)200F (93C) .27 (.039) .27 (.039) .27 (.039) .28 (.040) .28 (.040) .30 (.044)Water
45、absorption, max, % by volume 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8Water vapor permeability, max, perm-in (ng/Pa-s-m) 4.0 (5.8) 4.0 (5.8) 3.5 (5.1) 3.0 (4.4) 2.5 (3.7) 2.0 (2.9)Dimensional stability, max % linear change158 6 4F (70 6 2C), 97 + 3 % relative humidity 444444-40 6 6F (-40 6 3C), ambient relative humid
46、ity 111111212 6 4F (100 6 2C), ambient relative humidity 222222Closed cell content, min 90 90 90 90 90 90Hot-surface performance, at 300F (149C)BPass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassAThis specification does not purport to address all the performance issues associated with its use. It is the responsibility o
47、f the user of this standard to establishappropriate performance criteria.BPass/fail criteria found in 12.4.C591 12a312. Test Methods12.1 DensityDetermine in accordance with Test MethodD1622 or C303.12.2 Compressive ResistanceDetermine in accordancewith Test Method C165, Procedure A or Test Method D1
48、621,Procedure A at a crosshead speed of 0.1 in/min (2.5 mm/min)for each 1 in. (25 mm) of specimen thickness. See Note 2.NOTE 2Polyisocyanurate insulation can be anisotropic and, therefore,strength properties can vary with direction. The manufacturer should beconsulted if additional information is re
49、quired.12.3 Apparent Thermal ConductivityDetermine in accor-dance with Test Method C177, C518, C1114 or C1363 inaccordance with Practice C1045 using the small temperaturedifferences indicated in Practice C1058, Table 3. In some caseswhere this insulation is used in pipe applications, Test MethodC335 is applicable. The core 1 in. (25mm) test specimens shallbe conditioned at 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5% relativehumidity for 180 6 5 days from time of manufacture. In caseof dispute, Test Method C177 shall
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