[外语类试卷]2003年南京大学考博英语真题试卷（精选）及答案与解析.doc

1、2003年南京大学考博英语真题试卷（精选）及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 This platform would collapse if all of us_on it. （ A） stand （ B） stood （ C） would stand （ D） had stood 2 The young man who saw the car_into the river telephoned the police. （ A） plunged （ B） plunge （ C） was plunging （ D） to plunge 3 You can c

2、ome with me to the museum this afternoon_you dont mind walking for haft an hour. （ A） unless （ B） so far as （ C） except （ D） if 4 We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always_. （ A） inexplicable （ B） healthy （ C） sound （ D） straight 5 When the new assembly line is com

3、plete, the factory will turn_one thousand cars per day. （ A） in （ B） off （ C） out （ D） over 6 Since most doctors are_about effectiveness of the new medicine, they seldom recommend it to their patients. （ A） anxious （ B） dubious （ C） cynical （ D） innocent 7 The senator agrees that his support of the

4、action would_his chances for reelection. （ A） obscure （ B） mystify （ C） distinguish （ D） jeopardize 8 In his_to further knowledge of the universe, man has now begun to explore space. （ A） attempt （ B） expedition （ C） trial （ D） chase 9 The manufacturers hoped that the motor show would_their car sale

5、s. （ A） promise （ B） lift （ C） intensify （ D） boost 10 It was all agreed that the first problem the new government would have to_was unemployment. （ A） grip （ B） tackle （ C） discern （ D） manipulate 11 The United States was trying hard to smoke the enemy out of the holes in the target country （ A）对敌人

6、施以地毯式轰炸 （ B）将敌人熏死在洞中 （ C）引诱敌人出洞 （ D）向洞中的敌人投掷毒气弹 12 He kept throwing us an apple of discord， we soon quarreled again （ A） (评判 )不公 （ B） (挑起 )争端 （ C） (分赃 )不均 （ D）背叛 13 There are quite a few people who are willing to prostitute their intelligence for a mess of pottage （ A）蝇头小利 （ B）一锅粥 （ C）眼前利益 （ D）钱财 14

7、 There are always a lot of straw polls before the general election of the President in the United States （ A）无效投票 （ B）拉拢选票 （ C）民意测验 （ D）正式投票 15 His elder sister,who works in the supermarket， is still on the shelf （ A）童心未泯 （ B）取货 （ C）没出嫁 （ D）休息 16 The man told me under rose that he often took trouble

8、 on your account （ A）不辞劳苦 （ B）挑剔 （ C）打理 （ D）惹麻烦 17 I was shocked to learn that such an eminent professor was ignorant to a proverb （ A）普遍现象 （ B）令人吃惊 （ C）成语 （ D）众所周知 18 Those guys are continually quarrelling， but it is usually a storm in a teacup （ A）不欢而散 （ B）小题大做 （ C）不可开交 （ D）无事生非 19 Heis said to be

9、 equal to any task whatever （ A）负责 （ B）胜任 （ C）疲于 应付 （ D）同等对待 20 Whenever we come to stay with them， we just live like fighting cocks （ A）在争吵中度日 （ B）吃不到任何好东西 （ C）吃得到最好的东西 （ D）自由自在 21 EDUCATE: CHILD （ A） cultivate: crop （ B） quench: fire （ C） secure: possession （ D） care: doctor 22 SCISSORS: TAILOR （

10、A） brush: painter （ B） computer: writer （ C） wagon: fanner （ D） saw: carpenter 23 EGG: CHICKEN （ A） pearl: oyster （ B） roe: salmon （ C） fur: tiger （ D） bark: tree 24 GLIMMER: DAZZLE （ A） bit: strike （ B） recede: abandon （ C） murmur: resound （ D） muse: ponder 25 PERPLEXED: CLARIFICATION （ A） relaxed:

11、 recreation （ B） learned: profession （ C） anxious: reassurance （ D） upset: confidence 26 STANZA: POEM （ A） duet: chorus （ B） rhyme: verse （ C） passage: article （ D） act: opera 27 COIN: DENOMINATION （ A） book: title （ B） officer: rank （ C） tree: wood （ D） doctor: nurse 28 ADULTERATE: PURE （ A） outsta

12、nding: excellent （ B） embellish: austere （ C） mosquito: blood （ D） concentrate: part 29 GOAD: DIRECT （ A） exhort: suggest （ B） instruct: teach （ C） persuade: convince （ D） conspire: plan 30 CLAY: PORCELAIN （ A） flax: linen （ B） sand: sediment （ C） computer: program （ D） soup: luncheon 31 MATRIX: NUM

13、BERS （ A） gas: molecules （ B） insurance: securities （ C） crystal: atoms （ D） base: athletics 32 AESTHETICS: BEAUTY （ A） theology: morals （ B） psychology: anxiety （ C） physiology: nature （ D） epistemology: knowledge 33 FLOWER: VIOLET （ A） stone: magenta （ B） pear: fruit （ C） cabbie: green （ D） gem: t

14、urquoise 34 SLICE: CAKE （ A） mince: onion （ B） core: apple （ C） peel: peach （ D） crave: turkey 35 ECHO: SOUND （ A） reflection: light （ B） microphone: hearing （ C） conservation: talk （ D） implication: tone 二、 Reading Comprehension 35 The military aspect of the United States Civil War has always attra

15、cted the most attention from scholars. The roar of gunfire, the massed movements of uniformed men, the shrill of bugles, and the drama of hand-to-hand combat have fascinated students of warfare for a century. Behind the lines, however, life was less spectacular. It was the story of back-breaking lab

16、or to provide the fighting men with food and arms, of nerve-tingling uncertainty about the course of national events, of heartbreak over sons or brothers or husbands lost in battle. If the men on the firing line won the victories, the means to those victories were forged on the home front. Never in

17、the nations history had Americans worked harder for victory than in the Civil War. Northerners and Southerners alike threw themselves into the task of supplying their respective armies. Both governments made tremendous demands upon civilians and, in general, received willing cooperation. By 1863 the

18、 Northern war economy was rumbling along in high gear. Everything from steamboats to shovels was needed and produced. Denied Southern cotton, textile mills turned to wool for blankets and uniforms. Hides by the hundreds of thousands were turned into shoes and harness and daddies; ironworks manufactu

19、red locomotives, ordnance, armor plate. While private enterprise lagged, the government set up its own factories or arsenals. Agriculture boomed, with machinery doing the job of farm workers drawn into the army. In short, everything that a nation needed to fight a modern war was produced in uncounte

20、d numbers. Inevitably there were profiteers with gold-headed canes and flamboyant diamond stickpins, but for every crooked tycoon there were thousands of ordinary citizens living on fixed incomes who did their best to cope with rising prices and still made a contribution to the war effort. Those who

21、 could bought war bonds; others knitted, sewed, nursed, or lent any other assistance in their power. 36 Which of the following is implied by the writer of this passage? （ A） The students of the Civil War usually concentrate on the economy. （ B） The families of the Civil War are extremely worried abo

22、ut their living. （ C） The students of the Civil War usually concentrate on the battlefield. （ D） The families of the Civil War are extremely worded about the government. 37 With what topic is the passage primarily concerned? （ A） The civilian response to the Civil War. （ B） The causes of the Civil W

23、ar. （ C） Where the Civil War battles were fought. （ D） Why the South lost the Civil War. 38 The word “tycoon“ in the last paragraph is_. （ A） derived from a Japanese word, meaning a businessman with great wealth and power （ B） an English translation of a Russian word, meaning a man of great conseque

24、nce （ C） borrowed from Portuguese, meaning an industrialist with a great man of money obtained illegally （ D） rarely used now because of its derogatory meaning 39 According to the passage, during the Civil War the South no longer provided the North with _. （ A） cotton （ B） shoes （ C） hides （ D） wool

25、 39 The vegetative forms of most bacteria are killed by drying in air, although the different species exhibit pronounced differences in their resistance. The tubercle bacillus is one of the more resistant, and vibrio bacterium is one of the more sensitive to drying. In general, the encapsulated orga

26、nisms are more resistant than the non-encapsulated forms. Spores are quite resistant to drying; the spores of the anthrax bacillus, for example, will germinate alter remaining in a dry condition for years or more. The resistance of the pathogenic forms causing disease of the upper respiratory tract

27、is of particular interest in connection with airborne infection, for the length of time that a droplet remains infective is a result, primarily, of the resistance of the particular microorganism to drying. 40 Tuberculosis is highly infections because_. （ A） spores are resistant to drying （ B） the ca

28、usative organism is encapsulated （ C） droplets of sputum remain infective for a long time due to the resistance of the organisms to drying （ D） none of these 41 The passage uses the term “vegetative forms“ to refer to_. （ A） plants that infest human habitations （ B） the fact that bacteria are really

29、 vegetables （ C） the growing stage of the bacteria as opposed to the dormant stage （ D） the difficulty in classifying the types of bacteria 42 According to the passage, the risk of infection from airborne microorganisms would likely be greater during a_. （ A） heat wave （ B） time of high humidity （ C

30、） windless period （ D） shortage of fuel oil 43 It may be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） bacteria can be most easily killed by removal of moisture （ B） drying out a house will eliminate the risk of airborne infection （ C） hot-air heating is better than steam heating because steam heating uses

31、water （ D） none of the above 43 The history of Western music probably begins with the music of the Christian Church. But all through the Middle Ages and even to the present time men have continually turned back to Greece and Rome for instruction, for correction, and for inspiration in several fields

32、 of work; this has been true in music-though with some important differences. Roman literature, for example, never ceased to exert influence in the Middle Ages, and this influence became much greater in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries when more Roman works became known; at the same time, too,

33、 the surviving literature of Greece was gradually recovered. But in literature, as well as in some other fields(notably sculpture), medieval or Renaissance artists had the advantage of being able to study and, if they so desired, imitate the models of antiquity. The actual poems or statues were befo

34、re them. In music this was not so. The Middle Ages did not possess a single example of Greek or Roman music nor, it may be added, are we today much better off. About a dozen examples half of them were fragmentsof Greek music have been discovered, nearly all from comparatively late periods, but there

35、 is no general agreement as to just how they were meant to sound; there are no authentic remains of ancient Roman music. So we, as well as the men of medieval times, derive nearly all our knowledge of this in the ancient civilizations at second hand from a few rather vague accounts of performances,

36、but mostly from theatrical treatises and literary descriptions. 44 The influence of Greece and Rome became greater in the fourteenth and fifteenth century because_. （ A） Roman and Greek works were better than those of medieval Christian church （ B） Roman and Greek works were different from Medieval

37、works （ C） the Roman and Greek music became known （ D） a lot of Roman and Greek works were discovered 45 Artists in the period of Renaissance had the advantage of being able to study Roman and Greek literature and sculpture because_. （ A） they could obtain the first-hand materials （ B） they could un

38、derstand Greek and Latin （ C） they were more intelligent than modem men （ D） they were inspired by Roman and Greek literature 46 In the passage the author implied that_. （ A） music did not exist before the Middle Ages （ B） we were not better off than the Greek and Roman men （ C） there was not enough

39、 evidence to prove that Western music was originated from the ancient Greece and Rome （ D） there were no authentic remains of the ancient Roman music 47 Men could directly turn back to Greece and Rome for instruction, for correction, and for inspiration in the following fields of their work except_.

40、 （ A） sculpture （ B） drama （ C） poetry （ D） music 47 Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive, but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. First, the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the

41、roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. Second, the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living mot. Despite these difficulties, there has been important new work that suggests that this symbiotic association can be harnessed to achieve more economical use of

42、 costly super phosphate fertilizer and to permit better exploitation of cheaper, less soluble rock phosphate, Mycorrhizal benefits are not limited to improved phosphate uptake in host plants. In legumes, mycorrhizal inoculation has increased nitrogen fixation beyond levels achieved by adding phospha

43、te fertilizer alone. Certain symbiotic associations also increase the host plants resistance to harmful root fungi. Whether this resistance results from exclusion of harmful fungi through competition for sites, from metabolic change involving antibiotic production, or from increased vigor is undeter

44、mined. 48 Which of the following most accurately describes the passage? （ A） A description of a replicable experiment. （ B） A refutation of an earlier hypothesis. （ C） A summary report of new findings. （ D） A confirmation of earlier research. 49 It can be inferred from the passage that which of the

45、following has been a factor influencing the extent to which research on mycorrhizal fungi has progressed? （ A） Lack of funding for such research. （ B） Lack of immediate application of such research. （ C） Difficulties surrounding laboratory production of specimens for study. （ D） Lack of a method for

46、 identifying mycorrhizal fungi. 50 The level of information in the passage above is suited to the needs of all of the following people except_. （ A） an official of a research foundation who identifies research projects for potential funding （ B） a state official whose position requires her to alert

47、farmers about possible innovations in farming （ C） a researcher whose job is to identify potentially profitable areas for research and product development （ D） a botanist conducting experiments to determine the relationship between degree of mycorrhizal infection and expected uptake of phosphate 51

48、The passage suggests which of the following about the increased resistance to harmful root fungi that some Plants infected with mycorrhizal fungi seem to exhibit? （ A） There are at least three hypotheses that might account for the increase. （ B） The plants that show increased resistance also exhibit

49、 improved nitrogen fixation. （ C） Such increases may be independent of mycorrhizal infection. （ D） It is unlikely that a satisfactory explanation can be found to account for the increase. 51 It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry or decorum. Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, b