[外语类试卷]2005年北京理工大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2005年北京理工大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Granted, its a pretty serious time to be living on this planet. Insane terrorists, political fingerpointing, a string of awful hurricanes, you name it, all filling the headlines with grim reminders that life arent so peachy. Even reading the small

2、er stories in national publications seems to indicate that the world is run by gruwnups, and theyre busy taking the fun out of everything. The other day I was browsing through one of those magazines that explain serious science news to us dumbbells, and came across an item which announced that two d

3、ifferent companies have perfected a pill that contains all the good-for-you stuff found in a glass of red wine and is completely non-alcoholic. Now Im sure there are other adults out there who, like me, were pleasantly surprised to learn that a little tipple of pinot noir with the roast duckling mig

4、ht not turn one into a slobbering drunk but may actually be beneficial to your health. The news was a single candle, lit in a world of darkness, easing a tiny part of that big rock of guilt we constantly lug uphill. Of course, the minute the news got around, some Italian scientists began putting tha

5、t age-old innocent beverage through a freeze-drying process that preserved the benefits while removing the alcohol along with all that unnecessary enjoyment. Swell news for teetotalers, but just another indication that our main focus is on getting through each grim day without a moment of relief. So

6、und far-fetched? Even comic books (a main source of amusement, when I was a tad) have become literary vehicles for philosophical messages. I figure its all a big plot. Something probably cooked up by mommies and dictators and insurance companies and people who play their boom boxes too loudly. Just

7、to make sure that you and I are prevented from squeezing a dollop of guilt-free enjoyment from a modest amount of fermented grape juice. Mark my words, the next great leap in science wont be in the field of cloning or DNA research or rocket science. What theyll do is develop a way to turn a big juic

8、y standing rib roast into a pinch of tasteless grey protein-packed powder you can sprinkle on a piece of white bread and have for dinner. Remember: just because were paranoid dont mean they aint out to get us. 1 When the author says, “the world is run by grownups, and theyre busy taking the fun out

9、of everything,“ he means to say _. （ A） they are busy making fun to their people （ B） they have become more and more friendly to their people （ C） they are doing things disregard of the ways things develop themselves （ D） they are occupied every day with trivial instead of key issues of the world 2

10、In Paragraphs 2 and 3 the author wants to say that _. （ A） people nowadays become more interested in science matters （ B） the researchers nowadays are more interested in developing all the good-for-you stuff （ C） some people want to find things which are beneficial to their health （ D） people nowada

11、ys tend to overstate and publicize what they have done 3 The word “cooked up“ (Para. 5) probably is used in the context means _. （ A） food-prepared （ B） falsely-prepared （ C） concocted （ D） carefully done 4 Which of the following can be a proper summary of the last paragraph of the passage? （ A） The

12、 world will soon be made unbelievable by the groundless cooked-up miracles and wonders. （ B） There will be more and more people in the world who will become cheaters. （ C） There will be more and more people who will be able to create what seemed impossible years ago. （ D） Nobody knows what the futur

13、e world would be like with the fast development of modem science and technology. 5 The tune of the author in this passage sounds _ about what he says （ A） fully confident （ B） highly positive （ C） fully suspicious （ D） emotionally discriminative 5 One hundred boats bearing one million desperate unin

14、vited immigrants set sail from the Ganges (恒河 ) for the fabled coast of the French Riviera. They are totally destitute and have decided that their only chance of survival is in a country with a conscience that traditionally welcomes refugees from the Third World. Their journey will take 50 days. In

15、France, the news is trumpeted with pride by the liberal media, churchmen and left-wing activists. Favorable media echoes are heard all over Europe; Political leaders and the armed forces fumble for common policies. Publicly, French authorities praise the intrepid voyagers. Privately, they exchange i

16、deas on how they can divert one million hungry souls to other shores. A trendy French radio journalist, Albert Dufort, sees the makings of a historical redistribution of wealth between the First and Third Worlds. “Were all from the Ganges now,“ he proclaims. Schoolchildren write essays eulogizing la

17、tter day “sans culottes.“ The theme is picked up and sweeps across the continent. As the armada makes it through the Straits of Gibraltar, panic sets in. The inhabitants of the French Riviera begin to flee north. The president of France orders the armed forces deployed along the coast. They are told

18、 their mision is to defend the country against the now imminent invasion of onet million poverty-stricken people from the Ganges. But with ears glued to their transistor radios they heed Duforts call not to oppose the landings. They desert en masse. Police open jail cells before shedding their unifo

19、rms and hotfooting it home to take care of their families. Terrified by what he has wrought, Dufort heads for Switzerland in his expensive sports car, but he is recognized en route and murdered. As hundreds of thousands of inhabitants of coastal towns and the surrounding Provence country move north,

20、 tens of thousands of revolutionary students travel south to greet their Ganges brothers. Unbeknownst to the welcoming throngs of idealists, the Ganges multitudes are coming to settle scores with the wealthy West that has kept them subjugated without hope of a better life. They hate the West their l

21、eaders said had robbed them of the higher standard of living they are entitled to. The one million Ganges folk are not alone. Millions of others are monitoring their progress from all over the Third World and plan to follow them to the Promised Land. Thus the Third World conquers modem industrialize

22、d societies, but not before much mayhem and unspeakable carnage and atrocities. 6 That part of the sentence “a country with a conscience that traditionally welcomes refugees from the Third World“ probably means _. （ A） a country showing sympathy for the refugees from the Third World （ B） a place wit

23、h clean conscience that all men in the world should be equal in every way （ C） a nation that shares the same tradition with the third world countries （ D） a state that strongly believes that all refugees should be treated as a human being 7 From Paragraph 2 it can be inferred that _. （ A） France is

24、the unique country that shows unconditional sympathy for the Indian refugees （ B） France intends to make the refugee problem politically publicized for its own benefit （ C） some French people actually hate the intrusion of so many refugees from the Ganges （ D） political leaders and the armed forces

25、are particularly enthusiastic in receiving the refugees 8 All of the following about Paragraph 3 are true EXCEPT that _. （ A） Albert Dufort sees the large size emigration front the Ganges is a historical redistribution of wealth between the First and Third Worlds （ B） the theme on the large size emi

26、gration from Ganges is reported widely across the European continent （ C） Albert Dufort believes that even his own country-fellows are also originated from the Ganges （ D） schoolchildren write compositions showing their shock at the historical move of immigrants 9 What happened to the trendy French

27、radio journalist, Albert Dufort, according to the passage? （ A） He was recognized as a famous reporter after the historical move of immigrants. （ B） He was killed for some unknown reason. （ C） He believed that he was also an immigrant from India. （ D） Tens of thousands of students travel south to gr

28、eet him. 10 From the last paragraph it can be concluded that _. （ A） the author of the passage believes that the Third World will conquer the modern industrialized societies in the near future （ B） the author of the passage reveals his doubtful attitude toward the historical move of the Indian emigr

29、ants （ C） the author of the passage thinks that there wont be any large-scaled move from the Third World to the industrialized countries （ D） the author of the passage thinks highly of what France has done in receiving the one million desperate uninvited immigrants 10 Back in Seattle, around the com

30、er from the Discovery Institute, Stephen Meyer offers some peer-reviewed evidence that there truly is a controversy that must be taught. “The Darwinists are bluffing,“ he says over a plate of oysters at a downtown seafood restaurant. “They have the science of the steam engine era, and its not keepin

31、g up with the biology of the information age.“ Meyer hands me a recent issue of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews with an article by Carl Woese, an eminent microbiologist at the University of Illinois. In it, Woese decries the failure of reductionist biologythe tendency to look at systems a

32、s merely the stun of their partsto keep up with the developments of molecular biology. Meyer says the conclusion of Woeses argument is that the Darwinian emperor has no clothes. Its a page out of the antievolution playbook: using evolutionary biologys own literature against it, selectively quoting f

33、rom the likes of Stephen Jay Gould to illustrate natural selections downfalls. The institute marshals journal articles discussing evolution to provide policymakers with evidence of the raging controversy surrounding the issue. Woese scoffs at Meyers claim when I call to ask him about the paper. “To

34、say that my criticism of Darwinists says that evolutionists have no clothes,“ Woese says, “is like saying that Einstein is criticizing Newton, therefore Newtonian physics is wrong.“ Debates about evolutions mechanisms, he continues, dont amount to challenges to the theory. And intelligent design “is

35、 not science. It makes no predictions and doesnt offer any explanation whatsoever, except for God did it.“ Of course Meyer happily acknowledges that Woese is an ardent evolutionist. The institute doesnt need to impress Woese or his peers; it can simply co-ocpt the vocabulary of science “academic fre

36、edom,“ “scientific objectivity,“ “teach the controversy“and redirect it to a public trying to reconcile what appear to be two contradictory scientific views. By appealing to a sense of fairness, ID finds a place at the political table, and by merely entering the debate it can claim victory. “We dont

37、 need to win every argument to be a success,“ Meyer says. “Were trying to validate a discussion thats been long suppressed.“ This is precisely what happened in Ohio. “Im not a PhD in biology,“ says board member Michael Cochran. “But when I have X number of PhD experts telling me this, and X number t

38、elling me the opposite, the answer is probably somewhere between the two.“ An exasperated Krauss claims that a truly representative debate would have had 10,000 pro-evolution scientists against two Discovery executives. “What these people want is for there to be a debate,“ says Krauss. “People in th

39、e audience say, Hey, these people sound reasonable. They argue, People have different opinions, we should present those opinions in school. That is nonsense. Some people have opinions that the Holocaust never happened, but we dont teach that in history.“ Eventually, the Ohio board approved a standar

40、d mandation that students learn to “describe how scientists continue to investigate and critically analyze aspects of evolutionary theory.“ Proclaiming victory, Johnson barnstormed Ohio churches soon after notifying congregations of a new, ID-friendly standard. In response, anxious board members add

41、ed a clause stating that the standard “does not mandate the teaching or testing of intelligent design.“ Both sides claimed victory. A press release from IDNet trumpeted the mere inclusion of the phrase intelligent design, saying that “the implication of the statement is that the teaching of testing

42、of intelligent design is permitted.“ Some pro-evolution scientists, meanwhile, say theres nothing wrong with teaching students how to scrutinize theory. “I dont have a problem with that,“ says Patricia Princehouse, a professor at Case Western Reserve and an outspoken oppnent of ID. “Critical analysi

43、s is exactly what scientists do.“ 11 Stephen Meyer seems to be criticizing Darwinists because _. （ A） the evidence for their theories is peer-reviewed （ B） they were born in the age of steam engine （ C） their theories are already out of date （ D） they can not catch up with the information tecbnology

44、 12 What does Woese mean when he answers back for his remark “. evolutionists have no clothes?“ （ A） His criticism of Darwinists should not be understood as the denial of it （ B） Clothes themselves are not what evolutionists are interested in （ C） Einstein is right when he is criticizing Newtonian p

45、hysics （ D） Einsteinian physics is an improvement on Newtonian physics 13 Why did Meyer initiate the debate between him and Woese as he claimed? （ A） To make it possible the alternative use of the vocabulary of science. （ B） To reconcile what appear to be two contradictory scientific views. （ C） To

46、claim victory for the views which are so significant. （ D） To establish the soundness of a discussion thats been long suppressed. 14 What does the “exasperated Krauss“ mean when he talks about the adience? （ A） He disagrees there should be a representative debate. （ B） He stresses that what these pe

47、ople require is reasonable. （ C） He insists that different opinions should be presented in school. （ D） He rejects the idea that we should teach whatever is presented. 15 Which of the following is NOT one of the responses to the standard approved by the Ohio board? （ A） Many of ID scholars expressed

48、 friendly-welcome to the standard （ B） Some anxious board members suggested an additional clause （ C） IDNet understood the standard as a permission of teaching or testing of intelligent design （ D） Pro-evolution scientists claimed that critical analysis is exactly what scientists should do 15 Change

49、s in art and cultural history have never been easy to assimilate to political or economic changes. But perhaps we have enough evidence to show that particular sub-ideologies, combined with or supported by a bureaucratic upsurge, have caused, or been associated with, what appear to be downhill trends. Different generations naturally engender different styles. No harm in that. Still, it can be argued that some fashions in the field are less troublesome than others. In an analysis of this sort, one cannot