[外语类试卷]2006年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2006年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Cloze 0 Generally, a computer is any device that can perform numerical calculations. Currently,【 C1】 _, the term usually refers【 C2】 _an electronic device that can【 C3】 _a series of tasks according to a set of instructions. In 1953 there were only about 100 computers【 C4

2、】 _use in the world. Today hundreds of millions of computers are【 C5】 _in homes, schools, businesses, government offices, and universities for almost every conceivable【 C6】 _. Modern desktop【 C7】 _computers, or PCs, are many times more powerful than the huge, million dollar【 C8】 _computers of the 19

3、60s and 1970s. Most PCs can perform from 400 million to several billion operations per second. These computers are used not【 C9】 _for household management and personal entertainment, but also for most of the automate【 C10】 _require by small business. The fastest desktop computers are called workstat

4、ions, and they are generally used for scientific, engineering, or advanced business application. 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 二、 Reading Comprehension 10 The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use

5、of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near destruction of our cities. The disaster has arrived in the f

6、orm of the energy crisis. Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of o

7、ur country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems. This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places

8、in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves whol

9、eheartedly. This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to chang

10、e that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity. To grasp it we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting usand the world-is a crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no by product of the ambitions of the oil pro

11、ducing countries, no environmentalists mere fears, no by product of any present system of government What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its accep

12、tance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the worlds children and future generation. 11 Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities? （ A） Lack of financial planning. （ B） The breakup of the family. （ C） Natural disasters in many regions. （ D

13、） The excessive growth of motors. 12 The author in the second paragraph states what we need in our present situation is _. （ A） a continuation of our present serious state （ B） worldwide resources exploitation and energy use （ C） a movement forward to a new norm to planet research work （ D） a state

14、where long-range planning is essential to us 13 According to the author, what is one example of our loss of morality? （ A） Disregard for law. （ B） Lack of devotion. （ C） Lack of cooperation. （ D） Exploitation of resources. 14 By comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws attention t

15、o the_. （ A） significance of this crisis （ B） inadequacy of governments （ C） similarity of the past to the present （ D） hopelessness of the situation 15 According to the last paragraph, what contribution does the author feel people must now make? （ A） Search for new energy sources. （ B） Outlaw motor

16、 transportation. （ C） Accept a new life style. （ D） Adopt a new form of government 15 With human footprints on the moon, radio telescopes listening for messages from alien creatures(who may or may not exist) .technicians looking for celestial and planetary sources of energy to support our civilizati

17、on, orbiting telescopes data hinting at planetary systems around other stars, and political groups trying to figure out how to save humanity from nuclear warfare that would damage life and eliminate on a planet wide scale, an astronomy book published today enters a world different from the one that

18、greeted books a generation ago. Astronomy has broadened to involve our basic circumstances and our mysterious future in the universe. With eclipse and space missions broadcast live, and with NASA, Europe, and the USSR planning and building permanent space stations, astronomy offers adventure for all

19、 people, an outward exploratory thrust that may one day be seen as an alternative to mindless consumerism, ideological arguing, and wars to control dwindling resources on a closed, finite Earth. Todays astronomy students not only seek an up-to-date summary of astronomical facts; they ask, as people

20、have asked for ages, about our basic relations to the rest of the universe. They may study astronomy partly to seek points of contact between science and other human endeavors: philosophy, history, politics, environmental action, even the arts and religion. Science fiction writers and special effect

21、 artists on recent films help todays students realize that unseen worlds of space are real places-not abstract concepts. Todays students are citizens of a more real, vaster cosmos than conceptualized by students of a decade ago. In designing this edition, the editors and I have tried to respond to t

22、hese developments. Rather than jumping at the start into murky waters of cosmology, I have begun with the viewpoint of ancient people on Earth and worked outside across the universe. This method of organization automatically (if loosely) reflects the order of humanitys discoveries about astronomy an

23、d provides a unifying theme of increasing distance and scale. 16 This passage is most probably taken from_. （ A） an article of popular science （ B） the introduction of a book of astronomy （ C） a lecture given by the author to astronomy students （ D） the preface of a piece of science fiction 17 The a

24、uthors purpose in presenting the first paragraph is _. （ A） to explain the background and new features of todays astronomy （ B） to discuss in detail the most recent achievements in space research （ C） to introduce some newly established space stations （ D） to illustrate that the world today is diffe

25、rent in many aspects from that of a generations ago 18 The author thinks that the growing interest in space exploration among people on Earth will probably lead to_. （ A） all people having chances of traveling in space （ B） the realization of permanent settlement on other planets （ C） more disturban

26、ce not only on Earth but also in outer space （ D） orders, harmony and peace on our planet Earth 19 The author believes that todays astronomy students_. （ A） are much brighter than students of a generation ago （ B） no longer care about astronomical facts （ C） are better informed about the unseen worl

27、ds of space （ D） may learn more about man and his research in various fields through the study of astronomy 20 The word “ murky“ (Line 2, Para 4) most probably means_. （ A） darKenea or cloudea, hazy （ B） deep and blue （ C） dishonorable （ D） dark and unpleasant 20 The subject of my study is women who

28、 are initiating social change in a small region in Texas. The women are Mexican Americans who are, or were, migrant agricultural workers. There is more than one kind of innovation at work in the region, of course, but I have chosen to focus on three related patterns of family behavior. The pattern I

29、 life style represents how migrant farm workers of all nationalities lived in the past and how many continue to live. I treat this pattern as a baseline with which to compare the changes represented by pattern II and III. Families in pattern I work and travel in extended kin units, with the eldest m

30、ale occupying the position of authority. Families are large: eight or nine children are not unusual, and all members are economic contributors in this strategy of family migration. Families in pattern II manifest some differences in behavior while still maintaining aspects of pattern I. They continu

31、e to migrate but on a reduced scale, often modifying their schedules of migration to allow children to finish the school year. Parents in this pattern often find temporary local jobs as checkers to make up for lost farming income. Pattern II families usually have fewer children than do pattern I fam

32、ilies. The greatest amount of change from pattern I, however, is in pattern HI families, who no longer migrate at all. Both parents work full time in the area and have an average of three children. Children attend school for the entire year. In pattern III, the women in particular create new roles f

33、or themselves for which no local models exist They work full time and children study in fixed school. They also assume a greater responsibility in family decisions than do women in the other patterns. Although these women are in the minority among residents of the region, they serve as role models f

34、or others, causing moderate changes to spread in their communities. These women enjoyed their work and the companionship of fellow women workers. The steady .relatively high income allowed their families to stop migrating. And, as the benefits to these women became increasingly apparent, they and th

35、eir families became even more willing to consider changes in their lives that they would not have considered before. 21 Which of the following titles best reflects the main focus of the passage? （ A） A Survey of Three Mexican American Families at Work in Texas. （ B） Innovative Career Women: Effects

36、on Family Unity. （ C） Changes in the life styles of Migrant Mexican American Families. （ D） Farming of Family; The Unavoidable Choice for Migrant Farm Workers. 22 According to the passage, which of the following statements is mentioned as a life style in pattern I? （ A） Families are often small with

37、 few children. （ B） Women stay at home to take care of childrea （ C） Children in such families often modify their schooling schedules according to their migration. （ D） All family members should support family migration economically. 23 It can be seen from the passage that pattern II children_. （ A）

38、 can be allowed to finish their school year by modifying migration schedules （ B） study in fixed school （ C） do not migrate any more （ D） usually have seven or eight or more brothers or sisters 24 According to the passage, women in pattern III families （ A） still can not earn a reliable and high inc

39、ome （ B） continue to work solely to meet the urgent needs of their family （ C） do not like working with other women （ D） can serve as models of behavior for others in the region 25 The authors attitude towards the three patterns of behavior mentioned in the passage is best described as one of_. （ A）

40、 great admiration （ B） unbiased objectivity （ C） dissatisfaction （ D） indifference 25 Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book lover or merely go there to buy a book as a present You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the

41、reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust jacket is irresistible, although this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather dull book. You soon become engrossed in some book or other, and

42、 usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment without buying a book, of course. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many place

43、s where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your hearts content If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting, “Can I help you, sir?“ You neednt buy anything you dont want In a bookshop an assis

44、tant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course, you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire prudently and look as if he is not interested in selli

45、ng a single book. You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best selling novel and perhaps a book about brass rubbing something which had

46、only vaguely interested you up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a hug account, you can waste a great d

47、eal of time wandering from section to section. Booksellers must be both long suffering and indulgent 26 You may spend too much time in a bookshop because _. （ A） the dust jackets are very attractive （ B） you start reading one of the books （ C） it is raining outside （ D） you have to make sure you can

48、t buy a dull book as a present 27 According to the second paragraph, in a good bookshop _. （ A） nobody takes any notice of you （ B） the assistant greets you in a friendly way （ C） you may feel satisfied （ D） you can hear beautiful music 28 An assistant in a bookshop should come up to help you_. （ A）

49、 as soon as you have entered a shop （ B） just before you finish browsing （ C） only when you have finished browsing （ D） when he leads you to a particular section. 29 According to the passage, its very possible to enter a bookshop and buy_. （ A） a book on ancient coins （ B） a best-selling novel on brass-rubbing （ C） a book that clearly interests you （ D） a book that unexpectedly interests you 30 This passage is mainly concerned with_. （ A） some advic