[外语类试卷]2006年北京航空航天大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2006年北京航空航天大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that ones muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our b

2、odies. You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphon

3、ic concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job. Strange as this behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performa

4、nce. Tile listener “feels“ himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body. The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced. 1 Some psychologists maintain that

5、 thinking is _. （ A） not a mental process （ B） more of a physical process than a mental action （ C） a process that involves your entire body （ D） a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain 2 Few people are able to listen to familiar music without _. （ A） moving some part of their body

6、（ B） stopping what they are doing to listen （ C） directing the orchestra playing it （ D） wishing that they could conduct music properly 3 Body movements are necessary in order for the listener to _. （ A） hear the music （ B） appreciate the music （ C） enjoy the music fully （ D） completely understand t

7、he music 4 According to the selection, muscle participation in the process of thinking is _. （ A） deliberate （ B） obvious （ C） not readily apparent （ D） very pronounced 5 The best title for this selection is _. （ A） An Ear for Music （ B） Music Appreciation （ C） How Muscles Participate in Mental Acts

8、 （ D） A Psychological Definition of the Thinking Process 5 Laziness is a sin everybody knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and

9、 it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their

10、ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievemens, that they are unable to deal with whatever “lesser“ wor

11、k is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating rescheduling their day. Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators, some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating, researching. We should all reme

12、mber that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was “goofing off“. Newton wasnt working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone “lazy“ to build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that “lazi

13、ness“ was caused by the workers taking time to check each step or his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being “lazy“ that is, taking time off for a rest is good for the overworked student or executive. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the

14、doctor whos simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic. So be careful when youre tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book. 6 The main idea of this passage is that _. （ A） laziness is a moral sin （ B） there are advantage

15、s and disadvantages in being lazy （ C） laziness is the sign of deep-seated emotional problems （ D） lazy people do more careful work 7 The passage states that _. （ A） laziness is a disease （ B） some people appear lazy because they are insecure （ C） laziness is more beneficial than harmful （ D） a good

16、 definition of laziness is emotional illness 8 Which of the following conclusion does the passage Support? （ A） The word laziness is sometimes applied incorrectly. （ B） Most of the time laziness is a virtue. （ C） Most assembly line workers are lazy. （ D） Most insecure people are lazy. 9 The final pa

17、ragraph is _. （ A） gloomy （ B） humorous （ C） serious （ D） ironical 10 “Goofing off“ as used in paragraph 2 probably means _. （ A） wasting time （ B） sleeping （ C） working （ D） chatting with friends 10 The idea of humanoid robots is not new. They have been part of the imaginative landscape ever since

18、Karl Capek, a Czech writer, first dreamed them up for his 1921 play “Rossums Universal Robots.“ (The word “robot“ comes from the Czech word for drudgery, robota.) Since then, Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme, from the sultry False Maria in Fritz Langs silent masterpiece “Metr

19、opolis“ to the withering C-3PO in “Star Wars“ and the ruthless assassin of “Terminator.“ Humanoid robots have walked into our collective subconscious, coloring our views of the future. But now Japans industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality. Their new humanoids re

20、present impressive feats of engineering: when Honda introduced Asimo, a four-foot robot that had been in development for some 15 years, it walked so fluidly that its white, articulated exterior seemed to conceal a human. Honda continues to make the machine faster, friendlier and more agile. Last Oct

21、ober, when Asimo was inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh, it walked onto the stage and accepted its own plaque. At two and a half feet tall, Sonys QRIO is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo. It walks, understands a small number of voice commands, and can navigate on its own. If it f

22、alls over, it gets up and resumes where it leaves off. It can even connect wirelessly to the internet and broadcast what its camera eyes can see. In 2003, Sony demonstrated an upgraded QRIO that could run. Honda responded last December with a version of Asimo that runs at twice the speed. In 2004, T

23、oyota joined the fray with its own family of robots, called Partner, one of which is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet. Its fingers work the instruments valves, and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips. Toyota hopes to offer a commercial version of the robot by 2010. This month, 50

24、Partner robots will act as guides at Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan. Despite their sudden proliferation, however, humanoids are still a mechanical minority. Most of the worlds robots are faceless, footless and mute. They are bolted to the floors of factories, stamping out car parts or welding pieces of m

25、etal, making more machines. According to the United Nations, business orders for industrial robots jumped 18% in the first half of 2004. They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots, such as self-navigating vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers and window washers, which are selling fast. But neither indus

26、trial nor domestic robots are humanoid. 11 In Paragraph 1 the author introduces his topic by relating _. （ A） the idea of humanoid robots （ B） Karl Capeks creation of robots （ C） Hollywoods production of robot films （ D） the origin of and popular movies about robots 12 According to the authors descr

27、iption, Asimeo _. （ A） is a four-legged robot （ B） seems more like a human being than a machine in action （ C） seems more like a machine than a human being in action （ D） is in a sort of animal form 13 Sonys QRIO could perform all the following tasks EXCEPT （ A） walking everywhere freely （ B） unders

28、tanding some words uttered by people （ C） finding its way （ D） continuing walking after it stumbles 14 From the passage we may infer that Toyotas Partner （ A） is much better than any other robots （ B） is no more than a mechanic device （ C） may be put into mass production （ D） may speak like man 15 J

29、udging from the context, this passage is probably written _. （ A） in 2004 （ B） in 2005 （ C） between 2003-2004 （ D） between 2004-2005 15 Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount; about 80,000

30、cubic miles of water are sucking into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean. More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents. This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables

31、on which all flora and fauna are dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere permits organism existence. The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract o

32、n cooling. For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and co

33、ld currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent. Another outstanding characteristic of water is that it has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia. This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb ard store vast quantities of heat, thereby often p

34、reventing climatic extremes. In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially expl

35、oited. Solar evaporation of salt is widely practiced, potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and Magnesium is produced from seawater along the American Gulf Coast. 16 A characteristic of water NOT mentioned in this passage is that water _. （ A） expands on freezing （ B） is a great solvent （ C） is lik

36、e ammonia （ D） has a very high heat capacity 17 From this passage, we may conclude that _. （ A） ocean and land masses are equal （ B） ocean masses are smaller than land masses （ C） it is difficuit to get fresh water from the ocean （ D） none of the above is correct 18 By “hydrosphere“ the author means

37、 _. （ A） the moisture in the air （ B） the part of the earth covered by water （ C） the Milky Way （ D） the frozen waters of the earth 19 Fish can survive in the oceans because _. （ A） there are currents in the ocean （ B） ice floats （ C） evaporation and condensation create a water cycle （ D） water abso

38、rbs heat 20 “Anomaly“, as used in the second paragraph, means _. （ A） state of being anonymous （ B） abonormality （ C） characteristic （ D） property 二、 Structure and Vocabulary 21 Early exponents of science fiction such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells explored with zest the future possibilities opened

39、up to the optimistic imagination by modem technology. （ A） inspiration （ B） enthusiasm （ C） fantasy （ D） endeavor 22 Except for coarse earthen-wares, which can be made from clay as it is found in the earth, pottery is made from special clays plus other materials mixed to achieve the desired results.

40、 （ A） conventional （ B） unique （ C） genuine （ D） crude 23 When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their heads and ran into the elevator. （ A） poured （ B） dismayed （ C） panicked （ D） trembled 24 The English language contains a(n) _ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordi

41、nary conversation. （ A） altitude （ B） latitude （ C） multitude （ D） attitude 25 The wealth of a country should be measured _ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce. （ A） in line with （ B） in terms of （ C） in regard with （ D） by means of 26 Radar is used to

42、 extend the _ of mans senses for observing his environment, especially the sense of vision. （ A） validity （ B） liability （ C） capacity （ D） intensity 27 We are writing to the manager _ the repairs recently carried out at the above address. （ A） with the exception of （ B） with the purpose of （ C） wit

43、h reference to （ D） with a view to 28 They made detailed investigations to _ themselves with the needs of the rural market. （ A） adhere （ B） acknowledge （ C） acquaint （ D） activate 29 Probably theres a good reason for her absence, as she doesnt usually stay away from work. （ A） conspicuously （ B） pr

44、ospectively （ C） incidentally （ D） presumably 30 I was _ in my reading, and didnt at first hear the doorbell ring. （ A） immured （ B） immersed （ C） busy （ D） infatuated 31 The minutes later, the police came and _ the crowd. （ A） dismayed （ B） dispersed （ C） dismounted （ D） distressed 32 There are _ d

45、ifferences between theory and practice. （ A） legible （ B） laden （ C） radical （ D） medieval 33 Will you _ my article to find out whether Ive made any mistakes? （ A） look after （ B） look through （ C） look up （ D） look into 34 When he lived in that remote place, radio was the only means he had to keep

46、_ of current events in the country. （ A） account （ B） trace （ C） record （ D） track 35 The flashing red light served as a _ of danger ahead. （ A） predictor （ B） caution （ C） precaution （ D） prevention 36 According to the weather forecast, which is usually _, it will snow this afternoon. （ A） accurate

47、 （ B） dull （ C） awkward （ D） tedious 37 If his father could not keep up the payments on the mortgage, his uncle might _ it for him. （ A） redeem （ B） amend （ C） resemble （ D） appeal 38 His writing depicts this changing world and the increasing cultural diversity of the United States. （ A） conflict （

48、B） refinement （ C） variety （ D） movement 39 She was artful and could always get round her parents in the end. （ A） play （ B） deceive （ C） confuse （ D） annoy 40 He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk coherently. （ A） honestly （ B） appropriately （ C） intelligi

49、bly （ D） flexibly 三、 Cloze 40 Who won the World Cup 2004 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play?【 61】 an event takes place, newspapers are on the street【 62】 the details wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to【 63】 the news. Newspapers have one basic【 64】 to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it