[外语类试卷]2007年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2007年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Cloze 0 The Indians rise soon as it is light, the children run down to the river to swim, the woman go to the creek to bring fresh water. Soon maize soup is being prepared for【 C1】 _. Before noon they will eat again, usually fish, meat and bananas, the fruit of the “chon

2、tadurre“ palm and a drink ofchicha“. When the sun has【 C2】 _over the river, some of the younger women go【 C3】 _their children by canoe to their forest plantation to【 C4】 _maize, bananas and wild fruits. The older women stay in the house making pots which are【 C5】 _for drinking water and for “chicha“

3、. Later they have to【 C6】 _the evening meal and look after the children. The women do most of the daily work and each【 C7】 _day involves much the same【 C8】 _. The men, who may have been hunting during the night, 【 C9】_the day repairing nets, replacing an arrow lost while hunting, fishing with hook a

4、nd line or “atarraya“ net. In January after the rains,【 C10】 _men and women go to the forest plantation to sow maize.【 C11】 _, in August and September, they sow a【 C12】_crop. Four months after each【 C13】 _, the maize is ready for harvesting by the women. At nightfall the family congregates once【 C14

5、】 _, and after the babies are【 C15】 _in their hammocks they discuss the days events. 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 11 【 C11】 12 【 C12】 13 【 C13】 14 【 C14】 15 【 C15】 二、 Reading Comprehension 15 The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world

6、, has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over-development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near destruction of our cit

7、ies. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis. Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious

8、state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems. This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation that lawbreakin

9、g has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people ha

10、ve been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly. This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to

11、 reassess our present course, to change that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity. To grasp it we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting usand the world is a crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no by p

12、roduct of the ambitions of the oil producing countries, no environmentalists mere fears, no by product of any present system of government What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from

13、 science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the worlds children and future generation. 16 Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities? （ A） Lack of financial planning. （ B） The breakup of the family. （ C）

14、Natural disasters in many regions. （ D） The excessive growth of motors. 17 The author in the second paragraph states what we need in our present situation is_. （ A） a continuation of our present serious state （ B） worldwide resources exploitation and energy use （ C） a movement forward to a new norm

15、to planet research work （ D） a state where long range planning is essential to us 18 According to the author, what is one example of our loss of morality? （ A） Disregard for law. （ B） Lack of devotion. （ C） Lack of cooperation. （ D） Exploitation of resources. 19 By comparing past problems with prese

16、nt ones, the author draws attention to the_. （ A） significance of this crisis （ B） inadequacy of governments （ C） similarity of the past to the present （ D） hopelessness of the situation 20 According to the last paragraph, what contribution does the author feel people must now make ? （ A） Search for

17、 new energy sources. （ B） Outlaw motor transportation. （ C） Accept a new life style. （ D） Adopt a new form of government 20 Futurists have identified two changes that seem to be central to contemporary social life. First, the United States is being restructured from an industrial to an information s

18、ociety. Second, modern societies are increasingly shifting from a national to a global economy. Futurists have applied a good many metaphors to these changes .including Daniel Bells “postindustrial society“, Alvin Toffiers “the third wave“ and John Naisbitts “megatrends “.Common to these metaphors i

19、s the notion that American society is shifting from the production of goods to the production of services and from society based on the coordination of people and machines to a society organized around knowledge. These changes, it is contended, will afford a myriad of choices. The world will increas

20、ingly be one of many flavors, not just vanilla(香草 )or chocolate. Many observers of contemporary American life believe that we are witnessing a historical change and the first major impact of the shift from an energy economy to an information economy. For 300 years technology has been cast in a mecha

21、nical model, one based on the combustion processes that go on inside a star like the sun. The steam engine opened the mechanical age, and it reached its peak with the discovery of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, which replicated the energy producing processes of a star. We now seem to be moving

22、toward a biological model based on information and involving the intensive use of materials. Although biological processes need physical energy and materials, they tend to substitute information for both. Biological processes “miniaturize“ size, energy, and materials by “exploding“ information. The

23、human brain is some ten times the size and weight of the brain of a lemur, but it handles a billion times more information. As a result, high tech industries are information intensive rather than energy or material intensive. Sociologists have played and will continue to play an important role in as

24、sessing and interpreting these developments and other aspects of change. 21 It can be inferred that underlying the two changes is the change of_. （ A） the instrument of production （ B） the size of the society （ C） the social structure （ D） the economic market 22 With what does the mechanical age rea

25、ch its highest point? （ A） The steam engine. （ B） Nuclear power production. （ C） The combustion process. （ D） The energy producing process of the sun. 23 With the coming of the information age, the society is becoming_. （ A） more intolerable. （ B） larger. （ C） more varied. （ D） a more pleasant place

26、. 24 What characterizes the information society? （ A） The amount of knowledge to be learned. （ B） Physical energy and materials. （ C） Rapid change and its social effects. （ D） Small size and high capacity. 25 What is the attitude of the author towards the function of sociologists in the great change

27、s? （ A） Critical. （ B） Positive. （ C） Negative. （ D） Indifferent 25 In the past oysters were raised in much the same way as dirt fanners raised tomatoes by transplanting them. First, farmers selected the oyster bed, cleared the bottom of old shells and other remains, and then scattered clean shells

28、about Next they “planted“ fertilized oyster eggs, which within two or three weeks hatched into larvae. The larvae drifted until they attached themselves to the clean shells on the bottom. There they remained and in time grew into baby oysters called seed or spat(贝卵 ). The spat grew larger by drawing

29、 in seawater from which they derived microscopic particles of food. Before long, farmers gathered the baby oysters, transplanted them in other waters to speed up their growth, and then transplanted them once more into another body of water to fatten them up. Until recently the supply of wild oysters

30、 and those crudely farmed were more than enough to satisfy peoples needs. But today the delicious seafood is no longer available in abundance. The problem has become so serious that some oyster beds have vanished entirely. Fortunately, as far back as the early 1900s marine biologists realized that i

31、f new measures were not taken, oysters would become extinct or at best a luxury food. So they set up well-quipped hatcheries and went to work. But they did not have the proper equipment or the skill to handle the eggs. They did not know when, what, and how to feed the larvae. And they knew little ab

32、out the predators that attacked and ate baby oysters by the millions. They failed, but they doggedly (努力 ) kept at it. Finally, in the 1940s a significant breakthrough was made. The marine biologists discovered that by raising the temperature of the water, they could induce oysters to lay eggs not o

33、nly in the summer but also in the fall, winter, and spring. Later they developed a technique for feeding the larvae and rearing them to spat Going still further, they succeeded in breeding new strains that were resistant to diseases, grew faster and larger, and flourished in water of different salin

34、ities(盐分 ) and temperatures. In addition, the cultivated oysters tasted better! 26 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? （ A） The Threatened Extinction of Marine Life. （ B） The Cultivation of Oysters. （ C） The Discoveries Made by Marine Biologists （ D） The Varieties of Wild

35、 Oysters. 27 At what stage of oysters did farmers begin to speed up their growth and fatten them up in the past? （ A） Shell. （ B） Egg. （ C） Larvae. （ D） Spat 28 According to the passage, which of the following words best describes the efforts of the marine biologists working with oysters? （ A） Persi

36、stent （ B） Intermittent （ C） Traditional. （ D） Fruitless. 29 In the passage, the author mentions that the new, strains of oyster are_. （ A） cheaper （ B） shaped differently （ C） better textured （ D） healthier 30 Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage? （ A） Step by step

37、description of the evolution of marine biology. （ B） Discussion of chronological events concerning oyster production. （ C） Random presentation of facts about oysters. （ D） Description of oyster production at different geographic locations. 30 Writing to learn makes it possible to show learning in wr

38、iting. Much of the writing you will do in college and at work will ask you to demonstrate what you have learned. The success of that demonstration will depend on, among other things, revising your writing to show your knowledge to best advantage. When you have begun to see what you want to say (freq

39、uently this becomes clear at the. very end of a first draft) , it is time to start thinking about how to present your ideas to others. It is time to start thinking about revising. Revising can be described as the most important (and frequently most neglected) part of writing. Novelists Doris Lessing

40、 has said that many novels miss greatness because authors are unwilling or unable to revise them. James Michaner explains the importance of revision in this way: I have never thought of myself as a good writer. Anyone who wants reassurance of that should read one of my first drafts. But Im one of th

41、e worlds great revisers. Revising takes many forms. It means thinking about the audience for your writing. Who will read your work and why? It also means developing an overall plan for the writing that will make your ideas clear. Often the organization of a first draft will reflect your process of d

42、iscovery, but that may not be the best way to present your ideas to someone else. Revising also gives attention to the style of language, to the structure of a paragraph, and to the shape of sentences and other forms that show learning to its best advantage in order to understand your point and chan

43、ge a word or a phrase to make your meaning clearer. Writing to learn and writing to show learning are never, of course, entirely separate processes. Writers frequently consider issues of demonstrating learning while writing to learn, and writing to show learning often leads to new understanding. In

44、drafting, for example, you may start thinking about what an audience will need to know in order to understand your point and change a word or a phrase to make your meaning clearer. But understanding the differences between writing to learn and writing to show learning is central to seeing writing as

45、 a process. 31 The author thinks that revising starts when _. （ A） you want to show what you know （ B） you think about your audience （ C） you have discovered your idea （ D） you have developed an overall writing plan 32 The chief purpose in revising your writing is for you to_. （ A） learn in the cour

46、se of writing （ B） show your learning to its best advantage （ C） add new ideas to your writing （ D） use an appropriate style of language 33 According to the passage, it is a fact that_. （ A） in revising, one should only correct some spelling mistakes （ B） a good writer does not need to revise his wr

47、iting much （ C） the organization of a first draft is sure to be the best way to convey authors ideas （ D） according to James Michaner he is a good reviser before he is a great writer 34 What Doris Lessing said helps to support the idea that_. （ A） he is one of the worlds great revisers （ B） he is no

48、t a good writer （ C） revising is very important （ D） many writers are unwilling to revise their works 35 Which of the following statements can be the best title of the passage? （ A） The importance of revising （ B） The importance of writing （ C） How to compose good writing （ D） How to revise your wri

49、ting 35 Bird wings have a much more complex job to do than the wings of an airplane, for in addition to supporting the bird they must act as its engine, rowing it through the air. Even so the wing outline ora bird conforms to the same aerodynamic principles as those eventually discovered by people when designing airplanes, and if you know how different kinds of aircraft perform, you can predict the flight capabilities of similarly shaped birds. S