ImageVerifierCode 换一换
格式:DOC , 页数:27 ,大小:89KB ,
资源ID:467425      下载积分:2000 积分
快捷下载
登录下载
邮箱/手机:
温馨提示:
如需开发票,请勿充值!快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
特别说明:
请自助下载,系统不会自动发送文件的哦; 如果您已付费,想二次下载,请登录后访问:我的下载记录
支付方式: 支付宝扫码支付 微信扫码支付   
注意:如需开发票,请勿充值!
验证码:   换一换

加入VIP,免费下载
 

温馨提示:由于个人手机设置不同,如果发现不能下载,请复制以下地址【http://www.mydoc123.com/d-467425.html】到电脑端继续下载(重复下载不扣费)。

已注册用户请登录:
账号:
密码:
验证码:   换一换
  忘记密码?
三方登录: 微信登录  

下载须知

1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。
2: 试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。
3: 文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 本站仅提供交流平台,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

版权提示 | 免责声明

本文([外语类试卷]2008年中国传媒大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc)为本站会员(周芸)主动上传,麦多课文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知麦多课文库(发送邮件至master@mydoc123.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

[外语类试卷]2008年中国传媒大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2008年中国传媒大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Pundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizing. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few month

2、s of each other, so they must have had something in common. In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story.) In each case investors-mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans-all

3、 tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a combined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because on bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked investors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but

4、to convert baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and companies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the sam

5、e firms would probably go bust from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries split difference-and paid a heavy price regardless. Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most clichs, the catchphrase “crony capitalism“ has prospered because it gets at

6、something real: excessively cozy relationships between government and business really did lead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asian business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence. But the punishment was surely disproportionate

7、to the crime, and many investments that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time. Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainly on the fight track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia seemed to be going wrong: now there is a race to c

8、laim credit when some things have started to go right The IMF points to Koreas recovery-and more generally to the fact that the sky didnt fall after all-a s proof that its policy recommendations were right Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia-which

9、refused IMF help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls-also seems to be on the mend. Malaysias prime Minister, by contrast, claims full credit for any good news-even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bottomed out. The truth is that an observer without any ax t

10、o grind would probably conclude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of the IMFs advice made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, banking reform-whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere

11、 money to run, the natural recuperative powers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who purported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner, at worst, they were like medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills. Will the patients stage

12、a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you mean by “full“. South Koreas industrial production is already above its pre-crisis level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korean industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsayer. So if

13、by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the regions performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go. 1 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writers opinion? ( A) Countries paid a heavy pr

14、ice for whichever measure taken. ( B) Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma ( C) Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis. ( D) Most governments chose one of the two options. 2 The writer thinks that those Asian countries_. ( A) well deserved the punishment ( B) invested

15、in a senseless way at the time ( C) were unduly punished in the crisis ( D) had bad relationships between government and business 3 In this passage, IMF is the abbreviation of_. ( A) International Marketing Federation ( B) International Metalworkers Federation ( C) International Monetary Fund ( D) I

16、nternational Manufacture Foundation 4 It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations_. ( A) were far from a panacea in all cases ( B) were feasible in their recipient countries ( C) failed to word in their recipient countries ( D) were rejected unanimously by Asian countries 5 A

17、t the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full recovery of the Asian economy is_. ( A) due ( B) remote ( C) imaginative ( D) unpredictable 5 Among the most powerful engines of modern economic growth have been technological changes that raise output relative to inputs. But compared w

18、ith those of the nineteenth century, technological changes remained minor and sporadic in the colonial period. It preceded the era of the cotton gin, steam power, and the many metallurgical advances that vastly increased the tools available to workers. In iron production, learning by doing and adapt

19、ing remained the key source of labor and fuel saving in the late colonial period-learning to reduce the fuel input to minimal levels saved on labor needed to gather charcoal and work the forges. Technology remained static and forged sizes constant, however. The evidence in agriculture also indicates

20、 no significant leaps in technology-old ways prevailed and farming was typically stable and uniform. In shipping, the same conclusion is reached. This period preceded the era of iron ships and steam, and both ship material and the power source of ships remained unchanged. Even increasingly complex s

21、ails and rigs and the alterations of hull shapes failed to increase ship speed and, in any case, did not represent fundamental advances in knowledge. As a matter of fact, during the early 17th century, Dutch shipping had already displayed many of the essential characteristics of design, manning, and

22、 other input requirements that were found on the most advanced vessels in the western Atlantic in the 1760s and 1770s. The Dutch first introduced the flyboat, or flute, a specialized merchant vessel designed go carry bulk commodities. The flyboat was exceptionally long compared with its width, had a

23、 flat bottom, and was lightly built In addition its rig was simple, and its crew size was small. In contrast, English and colonial vessels were built, gunned, and manned more heavily to meet the dual purpose of trade and defense. Their solid construction and armaments were costly-not only in materia

24、ls but in manpower. Larger crews were needed to handle the more complex riggings on these vessels as well as their guns. It became evident that the flyboat could be used advantageously in certain bulk trades where the danger of piracy was low. However, in the rich but dangerous trades into the Medit

25、erranean and the West Indies, more costly ships were required. In general, high risks in all colonial waters led to one of the most notable features of 17th century shipping? -the widespread use of cannons and armaments on trading vessels. Such characteristics were still observed in certain waters t

26、hroughout much of the 18 th century. Until a-round 1750 in the Caribbean, especially near Jamaica, vessels weighing more than 100 tons were almost always armed and even small vessels usually carried some guns. Privateering also added to the disorder. As a common practice, nation-states often gave pr

27、ivate citizens license to harass the ships of rivals states. These privateering commissions or “letters of marque“ were issued without constraint in wartime, and even in peacetime they were occasionally given to citizens who had suffered losses due to the actions of subjects from an offending state.

28、 Since privateers frequently ignored the constraints of their commissions, privateering was often difficult to distinguish from common piracy. Other government policies also tended to aggravate existing sea hazards. Adding to the supply of privateer and pirates, some of the island were deliberately

29、peopled with convicts. Of course, piracy was not confined to the Caribbean. Pirates lurked safely in the inlets of North Carolina, from which they regularly raided vessels trading at Charleston. In 1718 it was exclaimed that “every month brought intelligence of renewed outrages of vessels sacked on

30、the high seas, burned with their cargo, or seized and converted to the nefarious uses of the outlaws. “ Local traders, shippers, and government officials in the Carolinas repeatedly solicited the Board of Trade for protection. In desperation, Carolinas Assembly appropriated funds in 1719 to support

31、private vessels in the hope of driving the pirates from their seas. These pleas and protective actions were mostly in vain, but finally, as the benefits of assuring safe trade lanes rose relative to the costs of eliminating piracy, the Royal Navy took action. By the early 1740s, piracy had been elim

32、inated from the western Atlantic. The fall of piracy was paralleled by the elimination of ship armaments and the reduction of crew sizes. As such, this was a process of technical diffusion. Without piracy, specialized cargo-carrying vessels similar to the flyboat were designed, thereby substantially

33、 reducing the costs of shipping. 6 Which of the following adjectives does NOT describe technological changes in the colonial period? ( A) Irregular. ( B) Inactive. ( C) Flourishing. ( D) Small-scaled. 7 It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that in the mid-18th century_. ( A) pirates frequent

34、ly attacked ships sailing along the Caribbean. ( B) besides trading vessels, others ships were also equipped with guns. ( C) it was mores dangerous to trade in the Mediterranean. ( D) the flyboat was often used in the Caribbean. 8 In the colonial period, it was difficult to tell privateering from pi

35、racy because those with private citizen license_. ( A) attacked every ship they saw. ( B) didnt observe the restrictions ( C) were attacked by other states. ( D) cooperated with pirates. 9 One thing that people did to fight against pirates is that_. ( A) they appealed to some organizations for aid.

36、( B) they financed private ship to combat pirates. ( C) they mobilized more peoples in all walks of like. ( D) they bid a high price for the elimination of pirates. 10 The best title for the passage is_. ( A) Technological change. ( B) Pirates, Vessels and Technological Change. ( C) Pirates and Vess

37、els. ( D) The Historical Development of Vessels. 10 Human beings have never before had such a bad press. By all reports, we are unable to get anything right these days, and there seems to be almost nothing good to say for ourselves. In just the past century we have increased our population threefold

38、 and will double it before the next has run out We have swarmed over the open face of the earth, occupies every available acre of livable space, displaced numberless other creatures from their accustomed niches, caused one extinction after another-with ore to come-and polluted all our waterway and e

39、ven parts of the oceans. Now, in our efforts to make energy and keep warm, we appear to be witlessly altering the earths climate by inserting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere; if we do not pull up short, we will produce a new greenhouse around the planet, melting the Antarctic ice shelf a

40、nd swamping all coastlines. Not to mention what we are doing to each other, and what we are thinking seriously of doing in the years just ahead with the most remarkable toy ever made by man, the thermonuclear bomb. Our capacity for folly has never been matched by any other species. The long record o

41、f evolution instructs us that the way other creatures get along in nature is to accommodate, to fit in, to give a little whenever they take a little. The rest of life does this all the time, setting up symbiotic arrangement whenever the possibility comes into view. Except for us, the life an intrica

42、te system, even, all see it, organism. An embryo may be conceived, as each one of us was first brought to life, as a single successful cell. I have no memory of ever having been a single cell, 70years age. But I was, and whenever I think of it, at the sheer luck. But the thought that the whole biosp

43、here-all that conjoining life, all 10 million or whatever the number is (a still incalculable number) of what we call species of living things-had its collective beginning as a single, solitary cell, 3.5 or so billion years ago, sweep me off my feet Our deepest folly is the notion that we are in cha

44、rge of the place, that we own it and can somehow run it We are beginning to treat the earth as a sort of domesticated household pet, living in an environment invented by us, part kitchen garden, part park, household pet, living in an environment invented by us, part kitchen garden, part park, part z

45、oo. It is an idea we must rid ourselves of soon, for it is not so. It is the other way around. We are not separate beings. We are a living part of the earths life, owned and operated by the earth, probably specialized for functions on its behalf that we have not yet glimpsed. Conceivably, and this i

46、s the best thought I have about us, we might turn out to be a sort of sense-organ for the whole creature, a set of eyes, even a storage place for thought Perhaps, if we continue our own embryo-logic development as a species, it will be our privilege to carry seeds of life to other parts of the galax

47、y. But right now, we have a lot to learn. One of our troubles may be that we still so new and so young. In the way evolution clocks time, we arrived on the scene only a moment age, down from the trees and puzzling over our appeasing thumbs, wondering what we are supposed to do with the flabbergastin

48、g gift of language and metaphor. Our very juvenility could account for the ways in which we fumble, drop things, get thing wrong. I like this thought, even though the historians might prefer to put it otherwise. They might say, some of them do say, that we have been at it thousands of years, trying

49、out one failed culture after another, folly after folly, and now we are about to run out our string. As a biologist, I do not agree. I say that a few thousand years is hardly enough time for a brand-new species to draw breath. Now, with that thought, for the moment anyway, I feel better about us. We have the making of exceedingly useful working parts. We are just new to the task, thats our trouble. Indeed, we are not yet clear in our minds what the ta

copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1