[外语类试卷]2009年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2009年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Not all persons arrested and_with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law. （ A） sentenced （ B） accused （ C） persecuted （ D） charged 2 Whoever has skills and knowledge in this countr

2、y, I believe, should be properly treated and rewarded_his educational background and family origin. （ A） despite of （ B） regardless of （ C） let alone （ D） because of 3 A survey earlier this year found that about 50 percent of South Africans think that “most“ or “almost all“ governmental officials ar

3、e involved in_. （ A） robbery （ B） violation （ C） corruption （ D） stealing 4 Woodrow Wilson_to preserve world peace by supporting the establishment of an organization to settle international disputes. （ A） endeavored （ B） incited （ C） granted （ D） offered 5 Margaret Meads reputation was established w

4、ith the publication of her first book in 1982 and was_by her many subsequent contributions to anthropology. （ A） hardened （ B） enhanced （ C） separated （ D） judged 6 The local people were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer_according to the weather. （ A） evaluated （ B） conve

5、rted （ C） fluctuated （ D） modified 7 In calculating the daily calorie requirement for an individual, variations in body size, physical activity and age should be_. （ A） brought into practice （ B） taken into account （ C） thrown light on （ D） looked down upon 8 There was no light on the way and for a

6、second she hesitated, unable to_the dim figure awaiting her. （ A） set out （ B） make out （ C） pick up （ D） clear up 9 It is disturbing to note how many crimes we do know about were detected_, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. （ A） by accident （ B） on schedule （ C） in general

7、 （ D） at intervals 10 The violent_of his youth reappeared and was directed not only at the army, but at his wife as well. （ A） impatience （ B） character （ C） temper （ D） quality 11 Certainly no one could have predicted that a tiny worm would make possible such far-reaching_into the very nature of li

8、fe. （ A） understanding （ B） perception （ C） insights （ D） inquiry 12 Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine_that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization. （ A） entrusted （ B） asserted （ C） appreciated （ D） reckoned 13 Maximum benefits typically range from $50,000 to $250,000 though

9、 some_have no limit. （ A） policies （ B） bills （ C） charges （ D） prices 14 Rejecting the urging of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose to_on math and theoretical physics. （ A） impose （ B） center （ C） set up （ D） stand up to 15 She has decided to_some money every month to help three

10、peasant girls in poverty-stricken areas. （ A） lay down （ B） lay aside （ C） set up （ D） stand up to 二、 Cloze 15 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience And they also need to give serious【 C1】 _to how they can best【 C2】 _to such chang

11、es. Growing bodies need movement and【 C3】_, but not just in ways that emphasize competition.【 C4】 _they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the【 C5】 _that comes from achieving success and kn

12、owing that their accomplishments are【 C6】 _by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already tilled with so much competition that it would be【 C7】 _to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 【 C8】 _, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,【 C9】

13、_student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide【 C10】 _opportunities for leadership as well as for practice in successful【 C11】 _dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the【 C12】 _of some kind of organizati

14、on with a supportive adult【 C13】 _visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have【 C14】 _attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized【 C15】 _participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to【 C16】 _else without

15、 feeling guilty and without letting the other participants【 C17】 _. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.【 C18】 _they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by【 C19】 _for roles that are within their【 C20】 _and their attention spans and by shaving clearly stated rules.

16、 16 【 C1】 （ A） thought （ B） idea （ C） opinion （ D） advice 17 【 C2】 （ A） strengthen （ B） accommodate （ C） stimulate （ D） enhance 18 【 C3】 （ A） care （ B） nutrition （ C） exercise （ D） leisure 19 【 C4】 （ A） If （ B） Although （ C） Whereas （ D） Because 20 【 C5】 （ A） assistance （ B） guidance （ C） confidence

17、 （ D） tolerance 21 【 C6】 （ A） claimed （ B） admired （ C） ignored （ D） surpassed 22 【 C7】 （ A） improper （ B） risky （ C） fair （ D） wise 23 【 C8】 （ A） in effect （ B） as a result （ C） for example （ D） in a sense 24 【 C9】 （ A） displaying （ B） describing （ C） creating （ D） exchanging 25 【 C10】 （ A） durable

18、 （ B） excessive （ C） surplus （ D） multiple 26 【 C11】 （ A） group （ B） individual （ C） personnel （ D） corporation 27 【 C12】 （ A） consent （ B） insurance （ C） admission （ D） security 28 【 C13】 （ A） particularly （ B） barely （ C） definitely （ D） rarely 29 【 C14】 （ A） similar （ B） long （ C） different （ D）

19、short 30 【 C15】 （ A） if only （ B） now that （ C） so that （ D） even if 31 【 C16】 （ A） everything （ B） anything （ C） nothing （ D） something 32 【 C17】 （ A） off （ B） down （ C） out （ D） alone 33 【 C18】 （ A） On the contrary （ B） On the average （ C） On the whole （ D） On the other hand 34 【 C19】 （ A） making

20、（ B） standing （ C） planning （ D） taking 35 【 C20】 （ A） capabilities （ B） responsibilities （ C） proficiency （ D） efficiency 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 Experienced baseball fielders can tell how far a ball is going to travel just by listening to the crack of the bat. If they didnt, they wouldnt stand

21、 a chance of catching it, claims a physicist in New York. “When a baseball is hit straight at an outfielder, he cannot quickly judge the angle of the scent and the distance the ball will travel.“ says Robert Adair, a physicist at Yale University. If he relied purely upon visual information, the fiel

22、der would have to wait for about one-and-a-half seconds before he could tell accurately if the pitcher hit the ball long or short. By this time the ball may have traveled too far for him to reach it in time. To stand a fighting chance of catching it, according to Adair, fielders must listen to the s

23、ound the ball hitting the bat to judge how far it will travel. There is anecdotal evidence to support this, he says. A former centre fielder told Adair: “If I heard a crack 1 ran out, if I heard a clunk, I ran in.“ To test his hypothesis, Adair calculated how quickly a fielder could change direction

24、 if he had misjudged whether the ball was going long or short. The difference between the “crack“ and “clunk“ can be explained by how well the batter has hit the ball, and could mean a difference in running distance of as much as 30 metres, he told delegates at a meeting of the Acoustical Society of

25、 America in Chicago last week. Scientists already knew that to hit a ball long the batter must strike it somewhere near the vibrational node of the bat, known as the sweet spot. Balls hit on the sweet spot generate fewer energy-sapping vibrations in the bat, allowing greater energy transfer to the b

26、all. Conversely, mishit balls make the bat vibrate strongly and so do not travel as far. Adair is quick to point out that this only applies to wooden bats, which are used in major league baseball. Aluminum bats, on the other hand, tend to produce a fairly uniform “ping“ sound regardless of where you

27、 hit them. 36 According to Robert Adair, why cant an outfielder rely purely on visual information? （ A） Because it may take longer time for him to exert judgment. （ B） Because the ball may change directions during flight. （ C） Because the ball may be hit either long or short. （ D） Because light trav

28、els faster than sound. 37 From paragraph 3 we can infer that a “crack“ may mean_. （ A） a long ball （ B） a short ball （ C） a good ball （ D） a mishit ball 38 If the bat vibrates very little,_. （ A） the fielder is unable to catch the sound （ B） the ball will travel to a short distance （ C） the ball may

29、 receive greater energy （ D） the fielder should quickly run in 39 Adair points out that his theory cant be applied to aluminum bats because_. （ A） the “ping“ sound is too vague for a fielder to catch （ B） with the aluminum bats the batter always hits the ball stronger （ C） they dont produce differen

30、t sounds of “crack“ and “clunk“ （ D） the sounds they produce may interfere with the fielders judgment 40 Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of this passage? （ A） Hitting the ball to produce different sounds is not an easy matter （ B） Wooden bats are better than aluminum

31、ones to be used in major league baseball （ C） The sound of the bat may give fielders more chances to catch the ball （ D） The study of Robert Adair shocks the Acoustical Society of America. 40 Have you ever felt your life go into slow motion as you realize something bad is happening? You might have j

32、ust knocked over a wine glass or noticed a car hurtling towards you, for example. Now scientists have measured exactly how much these attention-grabbing events slow down our perception of the world around us. Another example of the world appearing to slow down is when you are hanging on the phone wa

33、iting for someone to pick up at the other end. If your attention wanders while youre waiting then suddenly switches back, you will probably hear what seems like a longer than usual silence before hearing the dialing tone again. For you, time will have momentarily slowed. To see how our perception of

34、 time changes when something new happens, Vincent Walsh and his colleagues put headphones on volunteers and played eight beeps to their right ears. The gap between each beep was exactly 1 second, except for the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps, which the scientists could make shorter or longer

35、. They altered the length of this gap until the volunteers estimated it was the same length as the other gaps. The researchers found that, on average, people judge a second slightly short, at 955 milliseconds. In the second part of the experiment, the first four beeps were played to the subjects rig

36、ht ears, but the other four were then played to their left. Again, the volunteers were asked to estimate when the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps was the same as the others. This time they judged a second to be even shorter at 825 milliseconds long. Perceiving a second to be much shorter than

37、 it is makes you feel as though the world has gone into slow motion, since less happens in that slice of time. Walsh thinks the effect could have evolved to give us a fraction more time to react to potentially threatening events. Last year, Kielan Yarrow, a British psychologist found a similar effec

38、t with vision. When you glance at a clock, the first second will seem longer than it really is. Yarrows results showed that time appeared to slow down by a similar amount as Walsh found. Previous studies have shown that cooling the body slows down our perception of time while warming it up has the o

39、pposite effect. 41 After you noticed a car hurtling towards you, you might feel that_. （ A） the world around you had slowed down （ B） something bad was going to happen （ C） life had suddenly become meaningless （ D） peoples life was so fragile 42 According to the passage, hanging on the phone waiting

40、 for someone to pick up at the other end, you might_. （ A） have a high concentration of mind （ B） feel very annoyed at the people on the other end （ C） feel time is somehow slowed down （ D） be unable to hear the dialing tone 43 Vincent Walsh and his colleagues did the experiment in order to_. （ A） s

41、ee which ear is more sensitive to beeps （ B） find out the relationship between time and life （ C） study how time changes at the 4th and 5th beeps （ D） observe how peoples perception of time changes 44 What have Vincent and his colleagues found through the experiment? （ A） The left ear of people is m

42、ore sensitive than the right one. （ B） People judge a second to be slightly shorter than it really is. （ C） Research subjects are less accurate than researchers in judging a second. （ D） Normally a second is in fact either 955 milliseconds or 825 milliseconds. 45 From the passage we can infer that w

43、hen we are hot, well feel time_. （ A） runs faster （ B） stops all together （ C） runs slower （ D） reverses its direction 45 Architects are hopeless when it comes to deciding whether the public will view their designs as marvels or monstrosities, according to a study by Canadian psychologists. They say

44、 designers should go back to school to learn about ordinary peoples tastes. Many buildings that appeal to architects get the thumbs down from the public. Robert Gifford of the University of Victoria in British Columbia decided to find out whether architects understand public preferences and simply d

45、isagree with them, or fail to understand the lay persons view. With his colleague Graham Brown, he asked 25 experienced architects to look at photos of 42 large buildings in the US, Canada, Europe and Hong Kong. The architects predicted how the public would rate the buildings on a scale of 1 to 10,

46、where 1 represented “terrible“ and 10 “excellent“. A further 27 people who were not architects also scored the buildings out of 10. In addition, eight architects gave their own personal ratings of the buildings. The three groups tended to agree among themselves on a buildings merits. And architects

47、correctly predicted that lay people would on average rate buildings higher than they did themselves. But for individual building, the architects perceptions of what the lay people would think were often way off the mark. “Some architects are quite good at predicting lay preferences, but others are n

48、ot only poor at it, they get it backwards.“ says Gifford. For instance, architects gave the Stockley Park Building B-3 offices in London a moderate rating of 5.2. They thought the public would like it much better, predicting a rating of 6.3. But the public actually disliked the offices, and gave it

49、4.7. Gifford thinks that lay people respond to specific features of buildings, such as durability and originality, and hope to pin down what they are. “Architects in architecture school need to be taught how lay people think about buildings,“ Gifford concludes. He doesnt think designers should pander to the lowest common denominator, but suggests they should asp