[外语类试卷]2010年职称英语（理工类）A级真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2010年职称英语（理工类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 I cant put up with my neighbors noise any longer； its driving me mad （ A） measure （ B） generate （ C） tolerate （ D） reduce 2 Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old

2、 people living alone （ A） equal （ B） moderate （ C） immediate （ D） great 3 He Was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school （ A） bad （ B） bright （ C） unclear （ D） general 4 I want to provide my boys with a decent education （ A） good （ B） special （ C） private （ D） general 5 Steep sta

3、irs can present a particular hazard to older people （ A） danger （ B） case （ C） picture （ D） evidence 6 Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil （ A） doubt （ B） relief （ C） confusion （ D） failure 7 Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment （ A） anger （ B） doubt （ C） love （ D） surpr

4、ise 8 Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day （ A） physical （ B） energetic （ C） regular （ D） free 9 I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues （ A） long （ B） boring （ C） original （ D） humorous 10 Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic grow

5、th （ A） spend （ B） require （ C） encourage （ D） attract 11 He demolished my argument in minutes （ A） disputed （ B） accepted （ C） disproved （ D） supported 12 The two banks have announced plans to merge next year （ A） combine （ B） close （ C） break （ D） sell 13 Her father was a quiet man with graceful m

6、anners （ A） polite （ B） similar （ C） usual （ D） bad 14 The project required ten years of diligent research （ A） hardworking （ B） basic （ C） social （ D） scientific 15 He was kept in appalling conditions in prison （ A） critical （ B） necessary （ C） normal （ D） terrible 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面

7、的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality， now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and

8、 Electric Company buy 200 megawatts(兆瓦 )of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016 But some major challenges will have to be overcome if the technology is to be used widely A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites， which it says will use radio waves to be

9、am energy down to a receiving station on Earth The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in geosynchronous(与地球同步的 )orbit Earth-based solar ceils， by contrast， can only collect sunlight during daytime and when skies are clear But space based sola

10、r power must grapple(努力克服 )with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space， says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette， Indiana “If youre talking about it being economically viable for power of the Earth， its a tough go， ”he says Cal Boerman， Solarens director of ene

11、rgy services， says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down “We knew we had to come up with a different， revolutionary design， ” he says A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the systems weight， including using inflatable mirrors to focus sunlight

12、on solar cells， so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy But using mirrors introduces other challenges， including keeping the solar cells from overheating， says Schwartz “You have to take care of heat dissipation(散发 )because youre now concentrating a lot of energy in one place， ”he

13、says According to the companys patent， Solarens solar cells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work， it is not expecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy Laws in California and other states re

14、quire increasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out “To meet those needs， were going to need all types of renewable energy sources， ”he says 16 Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Solaren is going t

15、o design 200 solar-power satellites （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 One advantage of the space-based solar power system is that it is economical （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （

16、 C） Not mentioned 20 Inflatable mirrors are used to reduce the weight of the space-based solar power system （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Many countries will grant

17、permission for the use of space-based solar power soon （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Natural Gas 1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath th

18、e earths surface It is a fossil fuel(矿物燃 料 )， meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷 ) 2 The popularity， and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infr

19、astructure(基础设施 )has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential， commercial and industrial customers worldwide Today， natural gas service is available in all 50 states in the U S， and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries Mo

20、re than 65 million American homes use natural gas In fact， natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs， costing one-third as much as electricity In addition to heating homes， much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of prod

21、ucts， from paint， to fibers for clothing， to plastics for healthcare， computing and furnishings Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants 3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available It emits(发出 )less pollution than other fossil fu

22、el sources When natural gas is burned， it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化碳 )and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans breathe Compared with some other fossil fuels， natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃烧 )-making natural gas the cleanest

23、burning fossil fuel of all 4 The United States consumes about one-third of the worlds natural gas output，making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world The U S Department of Energys Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025

24、 5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earths surface The largest reserves of natural gas Can be found in Russia， West and North Africa and the Middle East LNG(液化天然气 )has been produced domestically and imposed in the United States for more than four decades Today， the leading importer

25、s of LNG are Japan，Korea， France and Spain A Clean fuel of choice B Natural gas prices C Natural gas consumption D Popularity and use of natural gas E Disadvantages of natural gas F Natural gas reserves and supply 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 26 A over the past 50

26、years B beneath the earths surface C by more than 50 percent D for more than four decades E as a raw material F for home energy needs 27 Natural gas is stored deep_ 28 Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source_ 29 When manufacturing many different products， people commonly use n

27、atural gas_ 30 It is estimated that by 2025 the natural gas demand in the United States will increase_ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容 ，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence Researchers believe that our universe began with the Big Bang(宇宙大爆炸 )

28、about 13 billion years ago， and that soon after that event， matter began to form as small dust grains and gases How the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years， but a state of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these fi

29、rst stars in the universe came into existence The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today， and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simpler Dr Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U S incorporated these conditions of the early univ

30、erse， sometimes referred to as the“cosmic dark ages， ”to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar(原恒星 )-the early stage of a massive primordial(原始的 )star of our unive

31、rse-and the researcherscomputer simulation sets the bar for further investigation into the star formation process The question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explosions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being According to their

32、 simulation， gravity acted on minute density variations in matter，gases， and the mysterious“dark matter”of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sun The simulation reveals how pre-stellar(前恒星的 ) gases would have

33、 actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar Dr Yoshidas simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capable of synthesizing(合成 )heavy elements， not just in later generations of stars， but soon after the Big Bang Their

34、simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward the ambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the mass and properties of these first stars of the universe More powerful computers， more physical data， and a

35、n even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations， but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction initiation-when a stellar(星球的 )object be comes a true star 31 According to the first two paragraphs， the early universe （ A） w

36、as governed by simpler physics （ B） got fewer stars shinning in it （ C） started over 13 billion years ago （ D） was composed in a way similar to that of today 32 What does the state-of-the-art computer simulation tell us about? （ A） How the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years ago （ B） How“cosmic

37、 dark ages”came into existence （ C） How dust grains and gases were formed after the Big Bang （ D） How the first stars came into being after the Big Bang 33 The phrase“an astronomical object”in paragraph 2 refers to （ A） cosmic dark ages （ B） dust and gas （ C） a protostar （ D） the early universe 34 A

38、ccording to paragraph 4， which of the following is NOT true about a protostar? （ A） It developed into a massive star during the Big Bang （ B） It evolved from pre-stellar gases （ C） It was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star （ D） It had a mass of one percent of the sun

39、35 According to the last paragraph， all of the following are the goals of the simulation project EX CEPT （ A） to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universe （ B） to simulate the process of how the early universe began （ C） to apply the simulation to the study of nuclea

40、r reaction initiation （ D） to discover the truth about the formation of a protostar 35 The Iceman On a September day in 1991 two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy High up on a mountain pass， they found the body of a man lying on the ice At that height(10,499 feet， or 3,20

41、0 meters)， the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm year The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface It was lying face downward The skeleton(骨架 )was in perfect condition， except for a wound in the head There was still skin on the bones

42、 and the remains of some clothes The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮 )and a holder for arrows Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answ

43、er to these questions Some people thought that it was from this century， perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I， since several soldiers had already been found in the area A Swiss woman believed it might be her father who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body h

44、ad never been found The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older， maybe even a thousand years old With modern dating techniques， the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old Born in about 3300 B C， he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe

45、At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains More recent evidence， how ever， tells a different story A new kind of X-ray shows all arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder It left only a tiny hole in his skin， but it caused internal damage and

46、 bleeding He almost certainly died from this wound， and not from the wound on the back of his head This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle It may have been part of a larger war， or he may have been fighting bandits He may even have been a bandit himself By studying his clothes and t

47、ools， scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in We may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times 36 The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because （ A） two German

48、s were climbing the mountains （ B） the melted ice made him visible （ C） he was lying on the ice （ D） he was just on a mountain pass 37 What can be inferred from paragraph 2? （ A） The Iceman was killed while working （ B） The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head （ C） The Iceman lived a po

49、or life （ D） The Iceman was struck dead from behind 38 All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT （ A） he was a soldier in World War I （ B） he was a Swiss womans long-lost father （ C） he was born about a thousand years ago （ D） he came from Italy 39 The scientists made the deduction