[外语类试卷]2011年北京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2011年北京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing“ for human being is a question that_a wide solution. （ A） admits of （ B） requires of （ C） needs of （ D） seeks for 2 In a culture like ours, long_all things as a means of control, it is somet

2、imes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message. （ A） accustomed to split and divided （ B） accustomed to splitting and dividing （ C） accustomed to split and dividing （ D） accustomed to splitting and divided 3 Apple pie is_neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determ

3、ines its value. （ A） at itself （ B） as itself （ C） on itself （ D） in itself 4 _us earlier, _your request to the full. （ A） You have contacted. we could comply with （ B） Had you contacted.we could have complied with （ C） You had contacted.could we have complied with （ D） Have you contacted.we could c

4、omply with 5 The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to_or to root out, apart from monarchy. （ A） discard （ B） discreet （ C） discord （ D） disgorge 6 Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected_ the unconscious _their psychology. No one can shield himself_such

5、an influence. （ A） on.by.at （ B） by.for.in （ C） from.in.on （ D） through.with.from 7 The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create _. （ A） bore （ B） bored （ C） boredom （ D） bordom 8 Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite_in the receptive and mec

6、hanical forms of the waltz. （ A） lacked （ B） lacking （ C） for lack of （ D） lack of 9 There are too many complains about society_move too fast to keep up with the machine. （ A） that have to （ B） have to （ C） having to （ D） has to 10 The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now_

7、for it. （ A） none the worse （ B） none the better （ C） never worse （ D） never better 11 As the silent film_sound, so did the sound film_color. （ A） cried out for.cried out for （ B） cry out for.cry out for （ C） had cried out for.cried out for （ D） had cried out for.cry out for 12 While his efforts wer

8、e tremendous the results appeared to be very_. （ A） trigger （ B） meager （ C） vigor （ D） linger 13 Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up,_ by industrial technology. （ A） as much the Africans are detribalized （ B） the Africans are much being detribalized （ C） as much as the A

9、fricans are, being detribalized （ D） as much as the Africans are detribalized 14 We_admire his courage and self-confidence. （ A） can but （ B） cannot only （ C） cannot but （ D） can only but 15 In the 1930s, when millions of comic books were_the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice

10、that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical. （ A） inundating （ B） imitating （ C） immolating （ D） insulating 16 _you promise you will work hard, _support you to college. （ A） If only.will I （ B） Only.I will （ C） Only if.will I （ D） Only if.I will 17 It is one of the ironies of Wester

11、n man that he has never felt_invention as a threat to his way of life. （ A） any concern with （ B） any concern about （ C） any concern in （ D） any concern at 18 One room schools, with all subjects being taught to all grades at the same time, simply_when better transportation permits specialized spaces

12、 and specialized teaching. （ A） resolved （ B） absolved （ C） dissolved （ D） solved 19 People are living longer and not saving enough, which means they will either have to work_ longer, live_less in retirement or bailed_by the government. （ A） in. for. up （ B） for. on. out （ C） by.in.on （ D） On.for.ou

13、t 20 The countrys deficit that year_to a record 168 billion dollars. （ A） soared （ B） soured （ C） sored （ D） sourced 二、 Cloze 20 2009 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade.【 C1】 _was 2008, and before that 2007 and 2006. In fact, industry revenues have been【 C2】 _for the past 10 years.

14、 Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditional sales are falling. Maybe thats because illegal downloads are so easy. People have been【 C3】_intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly【 C4】 _copies. These days, high-quality copies are【 C

15、5】 _. According to the Pew Internet project, people use file-sharing software more often than they do iTunes and other legal shops. Id like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice wont do much harm. But even as Ive heard over the past decade that things werent【 C6】 _bad, that t

16、he music industry was moving to a new, better business model, each years numbers have been worse. Maybe its time to admit that we may never find a way to【 C7】 _consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid. 【 C8】 _on this problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sa

17、ndberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectual property doesnt always【 C9】 _that framework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract. “The nature of intellectual property,“ he wrote, “makes it hard to maintain the

18、 social and empathic【 C10】 _that keep(s)us from taking each others things. “ 21 【 C1】 （ A） As （ B） Same （ C） Thus （ D） So 22 【 C2】 （ A） stagnating （ B） declining （ C） increasing （ D） stultifying 23 【 C3】 （ A） taking （ B） robbing （ C） stealing （ D） pirating 24 【 C4】 （ A） upgraded （ B） inferior （ C） i

19、neffective （ D） preferable 25 【 C5】 （ A） numerous （ B） ubiquitous （ C） accessible （ D） effortless 26 【 C6】 （ A） so （ B） this （ C） that （ D） much 27 【 C7】 （ A） satisfy （ B） help （ C） reconcile （ D） equate 28 【 C8】 （ A） Based （ B） Capitalizing （ C） Reflecting （ D） Drawing 29 【 C9】 （ A） match up with （

20、 B） fill in （ C） fit into （ D） set up 30 【 C10】 （ A） constraints （ B） consciousness （ C） norm （ D） etiquette 三、 Reading Comprehension 30 Cancer has always been with us, but not always in the same way. Its care and management have differed over time, of course, but so, too, have its identity, visibil

21、ity, and meanings. Pick up the thread of history at its most distant end and you have cancer the crabso named either because of the ramifying venous processes spreading out from a tumor or because its pain is like the pinch of a crabs claw. Premodern cancer is a lump, a swelling that sometimes break

22、s through the skin in ulcerations producing foul-smelling discharges. The ancient Egyptians knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and the Greeks made a distinction between benign tumors(oncos)and malignant ones(carcinos). In the second century A. D. , Galen reckoned that the cause was syste

23、mic, an excess of melancholy or black bile, one of the bodys four “humors,“ brought on by bad diet and environmental circumstances. Ancient medical practitioners sometimes cut tumors out, but the prognosis was known to be grim. Describing tumors of the breast, an Egyptian papyrus from about 1600 B.

24、C. concluded: “There is no treatment. “ The experience of cancer has always been terrible, but, until modern times, its mark on the culture has been light. In the past, fear coagulated around other ways of dying: infectious and epidemic diseases(plague, smallpox, cholera, typhus, typhoid fever); “ap

25、oplexies“(what we now call strokes and heart attacks); and, most notably in the nineteenth century, “consumption“(tuberculosis). The agonizing manner of cancer death was dreaded, but that fear was not centrally situated in the public mindas it now is. This is one reason that the medical historian Ro

26、y Porter wrote that cancer is “the modern disease par excellence,“ and that Mukherjee calls it “the quintessential product of modernity. “ At one time, it was thought that cancer was a “disease of civilization,“ belonging to much the same causal domain as “neurasthenia“ and diabetes, the former a ne

27、rvous weakness believed to be brought about by the stress of modern life and the latter a condition produced by bad diet and indolence. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some physicians attributed cancernotably of the breast and the ovariesto psychological and behavioral causes. William Bu

28、chans wildly popular eighteenth-century text “Domestic Medicine“ judged that cancers might be caused by “excessive fear, grief, religious melancholy. “ In the nineteenth century, reference was repeatedly made to a “cancer personality,“ and, in some versions, specifically to sexual repression. As Sus

29、an Sontag observed, cancer was considered shameful, not to be mentioned, even obscene. Among the Romantics and the Victorians, suffering and dying from tuberculosis might be considered a badge of refinement; cancer death was nothing of the sort. “It seems unimaginable,“ Sontag wrote, “to aestheticiz

30、e“ cancer. 31 According to the passage, the ancient Egyptians_. （ A） called cancer the crab （ B） were able to distinguish benign tumors and malignant ones （ C） found out the cause of cancer （ D） knew about a lot of malignant tumors 32 Which of the following statements about the cancers of the past i

31、s best supported by the passage? （ A） Ancient people did not live long enough to become prone to cancer. （ B） In the past, people did not fear cancer. （ C） Cancer death might be considered a badge of refinement. （ D） Some physicians believed that ones own behavioral mode could lead to cancer. 33 Whi

32、ch of the following is the reason for cancer to be called “the modern disease“? （ A） Modern cancer care is very effective. （ B） There is a lot more cancer now. （ C） People understand cancer in radically new ways now. （ D） There is a sharp increase in mortality in modern cancer world. 34 “Neurastheni

33、a“ and diabetes are mentioned because_. （ A） they are as fatal as cancer （ B） they were considered to be “disease of civilization“ （ C） people dread them very much （ D） they are brought by the high pressure of modern life 35 As suggested by the passage, with which of the following statements would t

34、he author most likely agree? （ A） The care and management of cancer have development over time. （ B） The cultural significance of cancer shifts in different times. （ C） Cancers identity has never changed. （ D） Cancer is the price paid for modern life. 35 If you happened to be watching NBC on the fir

35、st Sunday morning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious. There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the U. S. economy had become “very distorted. “ In the wake of the recession, this guest explained, hig

36、h-income individuals, large banks, and major corporations had experienced a “significant recovery“)the rest of the economy, by contrastincluding small businesses and “a very significant amount of the labor force“ was stuck and still struggling. What we were seeing, he argued, was not a single econom

37、y at all, but rather “fundamentally two separate types of economy,“ increasingly distinct and divergent. This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique: drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has long been standard fare on the left.(The idea of “two Americas“ was a

38、 central theme of John Edwardss 2004 and 2008 presidential runs.)What made the argument striking in this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan; iconic libertarian, preeminent defender of the free market, and(at least un

39、til recently)the nations foremost devotee of Ayn Rand. When the high priest of capitalism himself is declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong. This widening gap between the rich and non-rich has been evident for years. In a 2005 report to inv

40、estors, for instance, three analysts at Citigroup advised that “the World is dividing into two blocsthe Plutonomy and the rest“. In a plutonomy there is no such animal as “the U. S. consumer“ or “the UK consumer“, or indeed “the Russian consumer“. There are rich consumers, few in number, but disprop

41、ortionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take. There are the rest, the “non-rich“, the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the national pie. Before the recession, it was relatively easy to ignore this concentration of wealth among an elite fe

42、w. The wondrous inventions of the modern economyGoogle, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous inventionsparticularly the explosion of subprime credithelped mask the rise of incom

43、e inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant. But the financial crisis and its long, dismal aftermath have changed all that. A multi-billion-dollar bailout and Wall Streets swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and other e

44、lites rigging the game for their own benefit. And this, in turn, has led to wider-and not unreasonable-fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in which the rich display outsize political influence, narrowly self-interested motives, and a casual indifference to anyone ou

45、tside their own rarefied economic bubble. 36 According to the passage, the U. S. economy_. （ A） fares quite well （ B） has completely recovered from the economic recession （ C） has its own problems （ D） is lagging behind other industrial economies 37 Which of the following statement about todays supe

46、r-elite would the passage support? （ A） Todays plutocrats are the hereditary elite. （ B） Todays super-rich are increasingly a nation unto themselves. （ C） They are the deserving winners of a tough economic competition. （ D） They are worried about the social and political consequences of rising incom

47、e inequality. 38 What can be said of modern technological innovations? （ A） They have lifted many people into the middle class. （ B） They have narrowed the gap between the rich and the non-rich. （ C） They have led to a rise of income inequality. （ D） They have benefited the general public. 39 The au

48、thor seems to suggest that the financial crisis and its aftermath_. （ A） have compromised the rich with the non-rich （ B） have enriched the plutocratic elite （ C） have put Americans on the alert for too much power the rich possess （ D） have enlarged the gap between the rich and non-rich 40 The prima

49、ry purpose of the passage is to _. （ A） present the financial imbalance in the U. S. （ B） display sympathy for the working class （ C） criticize the super-elite of the Unite States （ D） appreciate the merits of the super rich in the U. S. 40 Charles Darwins “On the Origin of Species“ is credited with sparking evolutions revolution in scientific tho