[外语类试卷]2012年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2012年 3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 I had to_my desire to laugh while being scolded by my supervisor. （ A） repress （ B） depress （ C） compress （ D） distress 2 All living languages_, and English seems to change more readily than some others. （ A） evoke （ B） evacuate （ C） evolve （

2、 D） evade 3 He has always been a source of inspiration to me and I hope that he will take it as a _when I say that. （ A） compassion （ B） compliment （ C） complication （ D） supplement 4 The current financial crisis _ a holistic, global approach to deal with all issues. （ A） cries out for （ B） gets hol

3、d of （ C） boils down to （ D） goes in for 5 If you see that the street is wet in the morning, you would_that it must have rained during the night. （ A） reduce （ B） seduce （ C） deduce （ D） induce 6 Even if she is responsible for the mistake, she is not likely to_it. （ A） own up to （ B） live up to （ C）

4、 hold on to （ D） get down to 7 The burst of growth and prosperity in America after 1945 had social consequences that were_anywhere in the world. （ A） unprecedented （ B） unidentified （ C） unaccountable （ D） unremarkable 8 Building the Birds Nest calls for giant curving beams which crisscross in an_ p

5、attern of woven steel. （ A） intuitive （ B） intensive （ C） intrinsic （ D） intricate 9 San Francisco was_by a terrible earthquake and fire in 1906. （ A） deprived （ B） detained （ C） devastated （ D） deported 10 Compared with his_, Putin adopted a more active, flexible and pragmatic foreign policy. （ A）

6、ancestor （ B） predecessor （ C） forerunner （ D） pioneer 11 We are a peaceful community but we cannot_and allow the people responsible to destroy the fabric of our society. （ A） start up （ B） start off （ C） stand by （ D） stick out 12 Language may be_of as a process which arises from social interaction

7、. （ A） comprised （ B） conceived （ C） disposed （ D） deprived 13 Older, less dogmatic theories better explained how the problems in the financial _dragged down the rest of the economy. （ A） charter （ B） session （ C） chapel （ D） sector 14 These results should not be taken at face _ careful analysis is

8、required to assess their full implications. （ A） revenue （ B） expense （ C） price （ D） value 15 Researchers are looking for new ways to _ the problem. （ A） abridge （ B） approach （ C） condense （ D） dispose 16 Many writing experts think that intonation is used to_our feelings and attitudes; the same se

9、ntence can be said in different ways. （ A） convey （ B） convict （ C） conform （ D） conduct 17 Medical students learn to distinguish “acute,“ which means something of recent onset, from “chronic,“ which means a condition that will probably continue for a_ period of time. （ A） gloomy （ B） temporary （ C）

10、 tough （ D） substantial 18 By analyzing the modern expansion of Western culture, this article concludes that it is of practical significance to_the dominant position of Chinese national culture. （ A） recall （ B） retort （ C） restore （ D） retard 19 There are few, if any, countries in the world in whic

11、h sports _ national life to the degree that they do in the US. （ A） permeate （ B） overwhelm （ C） submerge （ D） immerse 20 His violent behavior sometimes is_ his personality of shyness and self-consciousness. （ A） on condition of （ B） in line with （ C） at odds with （ D） in disguise of 二、 Cloze 20 The

12、re have been five extinction waves in the planets history including the Permian extinction 250 million years ago,【 C1】 _an estimated 70% of all land animals and 96% of all marine creatures vanished. The sample polling of animal populations so far suggests that we may have entered【 C2】 _will be the p

13、lanets sixth great extinction wave. Forests razed can grow back, polluted air and water can be cleaned but【 C3】_is forever. And were not talking about losing just a few species. In fact, conservationists quietly【 C4】 _that weve entered an age of triage(治疗类选法 ), when we might have to decide which spe

14、cies can truly be【 C5】 _. The worst-case scenarios of habitat【 C6】 _and climate change and thats the pathway we seem to be【 C7】 _ show the planet losing hundreds of thousands to millions of species, 【 C8】 _of which we havent even discovered yet. So【 C9】 _you care about tigers and elephants, rhinos a

15、nd orangutans, then you should be scared. But【 C10】 _shouldnt leave us paralyzed. In hot spots like Madagascar and Brazil, conservationists are working with locals on the ground, 【 C11】_that the protection of endangered species is tied to the welfare of the people who live closest to them. A strateg

16、y known as avoided deforestation goes【 C12】 _, encouraging environmental protection【 C13】 _putting a price on the carbon locked in rain forests and allowing countries to trade credits in an international market, 【 C14】 _that the carbon stays in the forest and is not cut or burned. Its【 C15】_that any

17、 of this will stop the sixth extinction wave, let alone preserve the biodiversity we still enjoy, but we have no choice but to try. 21 【 C1】 （ A） when （ B） because （ C） there （ D） so 22 【 C2】 （ A） that （ B） what （ C） when （ D） which 23 【 C3】 （ A） earth （ B） population （ C） evolution （ D） extinction

18、24 【 C4】 （ A） commit （ B） acknowledge （ C） rebuke （ D） deny 25 【 C5】 （ A） sampled （ B） surveyed （ C） saved （ D） tested 26 【 C6】 （ A） loss （ B） shift （ C） formation （ D） exclusion 27 【 C7】 （ A） above （ B） on （ C） over （ D） off 28 【 C8】 （ A） none （ B） any （ C） many （ D） all 29 【 C9】 （ A） that （ B） sin

19、ce （ C） if （ D） while 30 【 C10】 （ A） fear （ B） rumors （ C） species （ D） climate 31 【 C11】 （ A） ensure （ B） ensuring （ C） ensured （ D） having ensured 32 【 C12】 （ A） tougher （ B） worse （ C） further （ D） closer 33 【 C13】 （ A） about （ B） in （ C） for （ D） by 34 【 C14】 （ A） considering （ B） indicating （ C

20、） supposed （ D） provided 35 【 C15】 （ A） uncertain （ B） unaware （ C） unpleasant （ D） unsuitable 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 Like so many things of value, truth is not always easy to come by. What we regard as true shapes our beliefs, attitudes, and actions. Yet we can believe things that have no basi

21、s in fact. People are capable of embracing horrific precepts that seem incredible in retrospect. In Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler had millions of followers who accepted his delusions about racial superiority. As Voltaire put it long before Hitlers time, “Those who can make you believe absurdities can m

22、ake you commit atrocities. “ We are surrounded by illusions, some created deliberately. They may be subtle or may affect us profoundly. Some illusions, such as films and novels, we seek out and appreciate. Others can make us miserable and even kill us. We need to know if particular foods that taste

23、perfectly fine can hurt us in the short term(as with Salmonella contamination)or in the long term(cholesterol), whether a prevalent virus is so dangerous that we should avoid public places, and what problems a political candidate may cause or resolve if elected. Gaining insights about the truth ofte

24、n is a challenge, and misconceptions can be difficult to recognize. We often believe stories because they are the ones available. Most people would identify Thomas Edison as the inventor of the incandescent light bulb. Although Edison perfected a commercially successful design, he was preceded in th

25、e experimentation by British inventors Frederick de Moleyns and Joseph Swan, and by American J. W. Starr. The biggest enemies of truth are: people whose job is to sell us incomplete versions of the available facts, our willingness to believe what we want and the simple absence of accurate informatio

26、n. Companies advertising products on television do not describe the advantages of their competitors products any more than a man asking a woman to marry him encourages her to date other men before making up her mind. It is a social reality that people encourage one another to make important decision

27、s with limited facts. Technology has simplified and complicated the fact-gathering process. The Internet allows us to check facts more easily, but it also disburses misinformation. Similarly, a belief that videos and photos necessarily represent reality ignores how easily they can be digitally alter

28、ed. Unquestioning reliance on such forms of media makes us more susceptible to manipulators: those who want to deceive can dazzle us with a modern version of smoke and mirrors. 36 According to Voltaire, _. （ A） Hitler was obsessed with violence （ B） irrational ideas may be spread widely （ C） irratio

29、nal ideas may lead to violence （ D） Hitler was misled by racism 37 Paragraph 2 show that_. （ A） truth is hard to get due to misconceptions （ B） public health deserves much attention （ C） political elections have profound impact （ D） illusions are helpful in gaining new insights 38 By mentioning Thom

30、as Edison, the author seems to emphasize that_. （ A） business successes may cover the truth （ B） commercial activities may involve cooperation （ C） irrational ideas may influence technological progress （ D） misconceptions may be due to lack of information 39 Advertising and making a marriage proposa

31、l are similar in that both_. （ A） encourage fair competition （ B） give partial information （ C） attack their enemies （ D） take advantage of peoples hesitation 40 The boldfaced word “disburses“ in Paragraph 5 probably means “_. “ （ A） spreads （ B） disturbs （ C） falsifies （ D） corrects 41 The drawback

32、 brought by technology is that it makes people prone to_. （ A） be addicted （ B） be taken in （ C） show off （ D） decide hastily 41 All art booms are different. The previous one ended in 1989, when Japanese buyers withdrew from the Impressionist market. Interest rates rose in the slump that followed; t

33、here were plenty of sellers but no buyers. Today the reverse is true. Buyers are looking to diversify into alternative assets. The only problem is the sellers. There is plenty of money, but little to buy. It should follow, then, that buyers will snap up anything. But that is not quite the case, as t

34、he Old Master sales at Christies in London on December 8th showed only too well. In the recent sales the best pieces sold brilliantly, and the rest hardly at all. The best included a rare Raphael drawing, and an elegant self-portrait by Sir Anthony van Dyck. Many of the leading dealers were present,

35、 including Philip Mould, known as the BBCs “art detective;“ Alfred Bader, a rich American art-market broker; and the heirs to two important art-dealing businesses, William Noortman and Simon Green. Van Dycks oval shaped self-portrait, painted in 1640, the year before he died, had been in the same fa

36、mily for almost 300 years. Mr. Mould joined forces with Mr. Bader to try and win the painting. Young Mr. Noortman, the underbidder who was trying to buy the picture for stock, did not stand a chance. The winning bid was 7. 4m, nearly three times van Dycks previous auction record. The last lot in Chr

37、isties sale was a black chalk drawing, less than a foot square, by Raphael, an early 16th-century Italian master. It is the study of a head for one of the Greek muses. Its beauty, rarity and the sense that the study may well have been used by the artist himself when working on a larger painting drew

38、 collectors from far and wide. Christies had estimated the study would fetch 12m-16m. Bidding opened at 8. 5m, with three buyers on the telephone. Jennifer Wright, Christies New York-based drawings specialist, made a final bid for the Raphael of 26m a world record for a work on paper. After the sale

39、, Christies international co-head, Richard Knight, was quick to point out that, at 68.4m, theirs had been the biggest Old Master sale ever. “This result shows what a very solid market this is,“ he said. But that took no account of the failures, which were considerable. 15 of the 43 lots in Christies

40、 auction failed to sell at all. 42 Unlike 1989, today, the art market is characterized by an increase of_. （ A） sales （ B） prices （ C） buyers （ D） supplies 43 Christies sale showed that_. （ A） many of the paintings were left on the shelf （ B） portraits were in greater demand than others （ C） buyers

41、all found their favorite pieces （ D） sellers worried little about selling their lots 44 The self-portrait of Sir Anthony van Dyck was_. （ A） kept in one home for three centuries （ B） once sold for about 2. 5 million pounds （ C） put up for auction for the first time （ D） won by two American art deale

42、rs 45 Raphaels drawing at the sale was undoubtedly_. （ A） the portrait of the artist himself （ B） the part of a larger painting （ C） the copy of a Greek sculpture （ D） the only one in the world 46 According to the passage, the 26m for the Raphael was most probably unexpected by_. （ A） Alfred Bader （

43、 B） Jennifer Wright （ C） Richard Knight （ D） Simon Green 47 It can safely be concluded that the Old Master sale mentioned_. （ A） reflected a very solid market （ B） had both wins and losses （ C） turned out to be a total failure （ D） sold more works than any other auctions 47 On the outside, Betsy Lue

44、ths school looks like any other in this arty neighborhood of Minneapolis: a sprawling, boxy red brick building with plain steel doors. Yet inside, the blond, friendly Minnesotan presides over an institution unique in the heartland: Yinghua Academy, a chartered public school where elementary students

45、 of every ethnicity study subjects ranging from math to American history in Mandarin. The idea behind Yinghua, as with many immersion programs, is to introduce kids to the language and culture as early as possible ideally, before age 12, while theyre still absorbing information like sponges. Kinderg

46、artners and first-graders are taught exclusively in Mandarin, and a single period of English is introduced in the second grade. By the sixth grade, kids are learning half in English and half in Mandarin, with the expectation of proficiency in both. The challenges at Yinghua are numerous. Most teache

47、rs come from Taiwan or mainland of China, and cultural misunderstandings prevail. Lueths instructors are learning to be tolerant of local norms like nontraditional families and boys who cry as well as a lot more parental input than theyre used to. “In China, teachers are revered. They are not questi

48、oned,“ says Luyi Lien, Yinghuas Taiwan-born academic director. “In America, parents are more expressive of their opinions. “ Yinghuas student body, once 70% Asian, is now 50% white, black or Hispanic. The school has more than tripled its enrollment, to 300 kids, many of whom commute an hour each day

49、. Research has shown that in the long run, immersion programs can provide cognitive benefits, including more flexible, creative thinking. Though students from the programs lag for a few years in English, by the fifth grade they perform as well as or better than their monolingual peers on standardized reading