[外语类试卷]2013年吉林大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2013年吉林大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The indomitable spirit displayed by athletes embodies the new look of this nation. （ A） unsubdued （ B） brave （ C） determined （ D） industrious 2 Dont trust the speaker any more, since his deeds are never compatible with his ideology. （ A） Suitable

2、 for （ B） consistent with （ C） in harmony with （ D） in favor of 3 To my surprise, the young man was resourceful enough to find infinite ways to express his emotions with gestures. （ A） imaginative （ B） imaginary （ C） plentiful （ D） versatile 4 In the Han Dynasty, the royal government sent special en

3、voys to the western countries to disseminate the Chinese culture. （ A） spread （ B） disclose （ C） analyze （ D） deliver 5 Although the project has been approved, many companies find the cost of implementation is prohibitively expensive. （ A） determinedly （ B） amazingly （ C） forbiddingly （ D） incredibl

4、y 6 The market for processor chips is now a two-horse race, and Intel and AMD will probably alternate in technical leadership, suggests a research firm. （ A） get over （ B） take turns （ C） concede （ D） stumble 7 He was concerned only with mundane matters, especially the daily stock market quotations.

5、 （ A） rational （ B） obscure （ C） worldly （ D） eminent 8 We have made great efforts to exterminate mosquitoes and flies in the tropical areas. （ A） eliminate （ B） erase （ C） demolish （ D） ruin 9 Dont drive the car if you are drunk, because death was instantaneous in a fatal accident. （ A） instance （

6、B） spontaneous （ C） homogenous （ D） immediate 10 Given the current recessive real estate market, the Central Government has recently issued stimulus policies, in hopes of boosting the market demand. （ A） agitating （ B） dwindling （ C） booming （ D） chaotic 11 When a_has been accepted for publication,

7、it is passed to an editor for detailed scrutiny. （ A） mortgage （ B） monopoly （ C） manuscript （ D） maneuver 12 One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about_. （ A） accidentally （ B） accordingly （ C） artificially （ D） additionally 13 The soccer team has had

8、 five_victories in the last three years. （ A） successive （ B） excessive （ C） subsequent （ D） eventual 14 As an important part of police strategy, rapid police response is seen by police officers and the public_as offering tremendous benefits. （ A） similarly （ B） the same （ C） a like （ D） likewise 15

9、 It is_that the Internet is exerting a growing important influence on peoples lives. （ A） indistinctive （ B） indissoluble （ C） indispensable （ D） indisputable 16 The American dream is most_during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism. （ A） plausible （ B） patriotic （

10、 C） primitive （ D） partial 17 Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just_and needs proving. （ A） spontaneous （ B） intuitive （ C） hypothetical （ D） empirical 18 The wealth of a country should be measured_the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods

11、 it can produce. （ A） in line with （ B） in terms of （ C） regardless of （ D） by means of 19 Research can have no economic impact if the new scientific discoveries are not_into marketable good and service. （ A） launched （ B） translated （ C） dissected （ D） conveyed 20 The appearance of this used cat is

12、 quite_, and it is much newer than it really is. （ A） descriptive （ B） impressive （ C） deceptive （ D） indicative 21 The storm was_and changed course constantly at sea at that time. （ A） chaste （ B） candid （ C） chaotic （ D） cardinal 22 The management should give_to the workers safety operation over e

13、very other consideration. （ A） precedence （ B） coherence （ C） affluence （ D） coincidence 23 One third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, _in the San Francisco area. （ A） remarkably （ B） severely （ C） drastically （ D） predominantly 24 Hill slopes were cleared of forests to make w

14、ay for crops, which now only_the crisis. （ A） accelerates （ B） prevails （ C） ascends （ D） precedes 25 The_prevents the people in the two neighboring nations from living in peace. （ A） brevity （ B） amenity （ C） enmity （ D） fidelity 26 Some British universities are state-supported, others are privatel

15、y_and still others are supported by religious origination. （ A） ensured （ B） attributed （ C） authorized （ D） endowed 27 Having a(n)_attitude towards people with different ideas is an indication that one has been well educated. （ A） tolerant （ B） analytical （ C） bearable （ D） elastic 28 Some scientis

16、ts are dubious of the claim mat organisms_with age as an inevitable outcome of living. （ A） depress （ B） default （ C） degrade （ D） deteriorate 29 One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships_follow traffic rules in busy harbors. （ A） dutifully （ B） cautiously （ C） fa

17、ithfully （ D） skillfully 30 One of the biggest_to the economic reform of this area has been the lack of access to international markets. （ A） prophecies （ B） transactions （ C） arguments （ D） hindrances 二、 Cloze 30 One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major m

18、eans of production capital. The ownership of large amount of capital can bring【 C1】 _profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists,【 C2】 _, have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of【 C3】_that they call “post-industrial“ society. One important change in such a

19、 society is that the ownership of【 C4】 _amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important【 C5】 _of profits and influences; knowledge as well as【 C6】_capital brings profits and influence. There are many【 C7】 _with the thesis above, not the least of【 C8】 _is that wealthy capitalists

20、can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not【 C9】 _the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the【 C10】 _of some new industries indicates【 C11】 _, genetic engineering and the new computer technology have【 C12】_many new firm

21、s and made some scientists quite rich. In【 C13】 _with criticism of the post-industrial society thesis, however, it must also be【 C14】_that those already in control of huge amounts of capital(i. e. , major corporations)soon【 C15】 _to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge. Movin

22、g down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly【 C16】 _. Many new high tech jobs are being created at the upper-middle-class level, but even more new jobs are being created in the low-skill, low-paying service【 C17】 _. Something like a class line is emerging centered

23、around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the【 C18】 _of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try illiteracy in the English language has been a severe【 C19】 _for many years in the United States, but we are also moving to the

24、 point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and【 C20】 _them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor. 31 【 C1】 （ A） quantitative （ B） extensive （ C） comprehensive （ D） sophisticated 32 【 C2】 （ A） moreover （ B） however （ C） therefore （ D） furthermore 33 【 C3】 （ A） aggression （ B） pr

25、oficiency （ C） productivity （ D） evolution 34 【 C4】 （ A） dominant （ B） impressive （ C） magnificent （ D） significant 35 【 C5】 （ A） source （ B） factor （ C） component （ D） element 36 【 C6】 （ A） adequate （ B） profitable （ C） material （ D） spiritual 37 【 C7】 （ A） advantages （ B） consequences （ C） problem

26、s （ D） potentials 38 【 C8】 （ A） them （ B） those （ C） which （ D） that 39 【 C9】 （ A） deny （ B） refuse （ C） admit （ D） acknowledge 40 【 C10】 （ A） emergence （ B） innovation （ C） extinction （ D） discovery 41 【 C11】 （ A） In addition （ B） For example （ C） Above all （ D） In short 42 【 C12】 （ A） produced （ B

27、） created （ C） improved （ D） facilitated 43 【 C13】 （ A） line （ B） need （ C） doubt （ D） match 44 【 C14】 （ A） idealized （ B） recognized （ C） supervised （ D） summarized 45 【 C15】 （ A） stepped in （ B） settled down （ C） leaned over （ D） turned out 46 【 C16】 （ A） accessible （ B） important （ C） popular （ D

28、） abundant 47 【 C17】 （ A） enterprises （ B） employment （ C） professions （ D） industries 48 【 C18】 （ A） control （ B） mastery （ C） search （ D） pursuit 49 【 C19】 （ A） handicap （ B） penalty （ C） inconvenience （ D） shortcoming 50 【 C20】 （ A） enforce （ B） punish （ C） impose （ D） condemn 三、 Reading Comprehe

29、nsion 50 Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton. M

30、any physicists say the next Einstein hasnt been born yet, or is a baby now. Thats because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved. But researchers say there

31、are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon. For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einsteins day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a street

32、car with seats to share. Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einsteins training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasnt

33、long before he became a philosopher himself. “ The independence created by philosophical insight is in my opinion the mark of distinction between a mere artisan(工匠 )or specialist and a real seeker after truth,“ Einstein wrote in 1944. And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music

34、and math is well-known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem. Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There arent many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to m

35、ore practical and rewarding efforts. “ Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,“ said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard. “ Especially considering what Einstein was proposing. “The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an

36、idea!“ Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “ It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe youll find the solution. “ Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year“ of 1905. These “th

37、ought experiments“ were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations. What might happen to such a submission today? “We all get papers like those in the mail,“ Greene said. “We put them in the junk

38、 file. “ 51 What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraghs? （ A） Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits. （ B） It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory. （ C） No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years. （ D） It will be some t

39、ime before a new Einstein emerges. 52 What was critical to Einsteins success? （ A） His talent as an accomplished musician. （ B） His independent and abstract thinking. （ C） His untiring effort to fulfill his potential. （ D） His solid foundation in math theory. 53 What does the author tell us about ph

40、ysicists today? （ A） They tend to neglect training in analytical skills. （ B） They are very good at solving practical problems. （ C） They attach great importance to publishing academic papers. （ D） They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits. 54 What does Brian Greene imply by sayi

41、ng “. It would be a lot harder for him to be heard“(Para. 9)? （ A） People have to compete in order to get their papers published. （ B） It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today. （ C） Papers like Einsteins would unlikely get published today. （ D） Nobody will read papers on apparen

42、tly ridiculous theories. 55 When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein_. （ A） forgot to make footnotes and citations （ B） was little known in academic circles （ C） was known as a young genius in math calculations （ D） knew nothing about the format of academic papers 55 For years, doctors advised

43、 their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them extensive urine(尿 ). After all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in industrialized countries. Now it seems that those doctors may have been wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest that ev

44、en a modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although proof of the benefits of multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars you spend on them is probably a good investment. Or at least thats the argument put forward in the New England Journal of Medicine. Ideally, said Dr

45、. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir Stampfer of Harvard, all vitamin supplements would be evaluated in scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a long time and often raise more questions than they answer. At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies

46、, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost. The best evidence to date concerns folate(叶酸 ), one of the B vitamins. Its been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos(胚胎 ), and a recent trial found that folate in combination with vitamin B12 and a form of B6 also dec

47、reases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical repair. The news on vitamin E has been more mixed. Healthy folks who take 400 international units daily for at least two years appear somewhat less likely to develop heart disease. But when doctors give vitamin E to patients who already have heart di

48、sease, the vitamin doesnt seem to help. It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage. Despite vitamin Cs great popularity, consuming large amounts of it still has not been positively linked to any great benefit. The body quickly becomes saturated with C an

49、d simply excretes(排泄 )any excess. The multivitamins question boils down to this: Do you need to wait until all the evidence is in before you take them, or are you willing to accept that theres enough evidence that they dont hurt and could help? If the latter, theres no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottles. L