[外语类试卷]2014年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2014年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The old bridge is not strong enough to allow the_of heavy vehicles. （ A） passage （ B） route （ C） tunnel （ D） pressure 2 The widowed old woman was so lonely that she would talk_to the strangers in the supermarkets about her pets. （ A） at best （ B

2、） at length （ C） in bulk （ D） in effect 3 Citizens of developed and developing nations alike face dangers from_medicines; they pose a terrible hazard to public health. （ A） distinctive （ B） proliferating （ C） fraudulent （ D） getting along 4 It must be much tougher than I realized, _on just 10,000 Yu

3、an a year. （ A） getting by （ B） getting away （ C） getting around （ D） getting along 5 When the relationship of parents and children is at this low_, mutual love and respect need careful maintenance and rebuilding. （ A） rate （ B） rank （ C） scale （ D） ebb 6 To have a knowledge-based economy and a scie

4、ntifically_population, developing countries must invest in fundamental science and blue skies research. （ A） moderate （ B） obsolete （ C） literate （ D） desperate 7 New Zealanders colloquially refer to themselves as “Kiwis“ , _the countrys native bird. （ A） for （ B） by （ C） with （ D） after 8 These are

5、 students who, at some stage of their undergraduate careers have class, either_, or because they are asked to do so. （ A） voluntarily （ B） selectively （ C） compulsorily （ D） necessarily 9 The sanctions are designed to force Libya to_the two Lockerbie suspects and to co-operate in the investigation i

6、n a similar case. （ A） hand in （ B） hand out （ C） hand down （ D） hand over 10 I could then realize that he was a fever specialist of world_. （ A） renown （ B） domain （ C） prominence （ D） authority 11 The Labour defeat was a disaster, but it might be a blessing_. （ A） at liberty （ B） in disguise （ C）

7、at risk （ D） in sequence 12 Science suggests that the greater part of an optimistic outlook can be_with the right instruction. （ A） acquired （ B） imposed （ C） traced （ D） fabricated 13 True modesty does not_an ignorance of our merits, but in a due estimate of it. （ A） count in （ B） fall in （ C） cons

8、ist in （ D） rein in 14 Nearly 4 out of 5 workers at the company take unpaid_at least once a week. （ A） leave （ B） shift （ C） change （ D） slot 15 She walked round to the_of the car and stood silently while he undid the boot and picked up her bag. （ A） ream （ B） ranch （ C） rear （ D） realm 16 Good lead

9、ership requires you to surround yourself with people of_perspectives who can disagree with you without feat of revenge. （ A） cynical （ B） diverse （ C） dominant （ D） indifferent 17 The small supplier firm will often be located near to the big firm, and will be expected to provide supplies_. （ A） on d

10、uty （ B） on demand （ C） on purpose （ D） on record 18 Operations which left patients_and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. （ A） ignored （ B） exhausted （ C） deserted （ D） alienated 19 Disobedience will bring_on the nation; fatal disease, famine, w

11、ild beasts ravaging the land, and war leading to exile. （ A） calamity （ B） provision （ C） rivalry （ D） revival 20 Obama reiterated his call today for Republicans and Democrats to_their differences in the face of the economic crisis. （ A） lean on （ B） leak out （ C） leave out （ D） lay aside 二、 Cloze 2

12、0 The relationship between husbands and wives is one of the strongest bonds in our society. It is deep, passionate, and often【 C1】 _. The exact amount of husband-wife violence is difficult to【 C2】 _, but it is one of the most common of all forms of violence. More calls to the police involve family d

13、isturbances【 C3】 _all other forms of violent behavior【 C4】 _. In 1993, New York city police【 C5】 _received 300, 000 domestic violence calls. But researchers deemed that it was still an【 C6】 _They estimate that it actually occurs in about one of【 C7】 _two marriages. In many societies, husbands have t

14、raditionally had the legal right to physically punish wives who refuse to accept male【 C8】 _. Although this practice is no longer【 C9】 _in Western culture, it still occurs.【 C10】 _, many victims of spousal abuse find that me police are reluctant to be of much help. Battered women report that abusive

15、 husbands are merely given a lecture or spend the night in jail and are soon back to their【 C11】 _ways. There appear to be two major reasons for this. First, most police officers are male, and they tend to hold a traditional view of gender roles. Even assaults that do serious physical harm to the【 C

16、12】 _are often seen as private matters that should be【 C13】 _by the married partners, not the police. Second,【 C14】 _other violent crimes, a significant percentage of the victim of spousal abuse drop the charges【 C15】 _their attackers, some officers feel that even a vigorous enforcement effort is li

17、kely to produce few results. 21 【 C1】 （ A） fantastic （ B） alien （ C） violent （ D） stressful 22 【 C2】 （ A） control （ B） prove （ C） suppose （ D） determine 23 【 C3】 （ A） than （ B） over （ C） above （ D） upon 24 【 C4】 （ A） documented （ B） committed （ C） classified （ D） combined 25 【 C5】 （ A） alone （ B） el

18、se （ C） itself （ D） only 26 【 C6】 （ A） understatement （ B） underestimate （ C） underground （ D） underproduction 27 【 C7】 （ A） those （ B） both （ C） all （ D） every 28 【 C8】 （ A） prestige （ B） authority （ C） hierarchy （ D） temperament 29 【 C9】 （ A） referred to （ B） approved of （ C） carried out （ D） inte

19、rfered with 30 【 C10】 （ A） Therefore （ B） However （ C） Moreover （ D） Meanwhile 31 【 C11】 （ A） everlasting （ B） continuing （ C） threatening （ D） misunderstanding 32 【 C12】 （ A） victim （ B） children （ C） society （ D） police 33 【 C13】 （ A） disposed （ B） resolved （ C） promised （ D） concerned 34 【 C14】 （

20、 A） regarding （ B） unlike （ C） rather than （ D） concerned 35 【 C15】 （ A） against （ B） to （ C） for （ D） about 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 Mark Kelly is originally from Lancashire in England. He has been living in Japan for six years and, at the weekend, he is a fake priest. “ I was living in Sapporo,

21、 studying Japanese, and I needed the money. Its far better paid than teaching in a language school,“ he said, “Being a fake priest is big business in JapanIve done a TV commercial for one company,“ he added. “In Sapporo, there are five agencies employing about 20 fake priests. In a city like Tokyo,

22、there must be hundreds. “ The fake Western priests are employed at Western-style wedding to give a performance and add to the atmosphere. These are not legal ceremoniesthe couples also have to make a trip to the local registrar. “In the past almost all weddings in Japan were Shinto, but in the last

23、few years Western-style wedding have appeared and become very popular,“ said one Japanese priest. “Most couples are trying to re-create a European wedding, so they overwhelmingly ask for a foreign priest instead of a Japanese one,“ he added. The fake priests in Japan sometimes have to deal with diff

24、icult situations. Mr. Kelly has often presided over ceremonies where the bride is pregnant. “It is common. Once, the bride vomited on me and then fainted. It wasnt very romantic,“ he said. “ Another difficulty is meeting genuine Japanese priests to meet the demand,“ he said. One Japanese Christian p

25、riest spoke out. “It is a real problem for us. They are not genuine and they give us a bad name,“ he said. “ It is important for the bride and groom to have a proper wedding, and they are not getting it from these foreign priests. I have even heard of hotels using staff when they cant find anyone el

26、se. “ But Mr. Kelly argues that the ceremony is not about religion, but about image. “I give a good performance. I use an Apache wedding prayer in my ceremony. It works very well, although I had to take out the part about the bear god in the sky,“ he said. “ If people are crying by the end of the we

27、dding, I think I have done a good job. “ 36 What do we know about Mark Kelly? （ A） Hes a profession priest. （ B） Hes a language student. （ C） Hes working for a TV station. （ D） Hes earning a living in Japan. 37 The fake Western priests are in great demand in Japan because of_. （ A） the popularity of

28、 Western-style weddings （ B） the bad reputation of Japanese priests （ C） the decline of the traditional religion, Shinto （ D） the low prices at which they are hired 38 Using a foreign priest at a wedding in Japan is_. （ A） forbidden according to criminal law （ B） meant for having a Western atmospher

29、e （ C） aimed to save a trip to a registrar （ D） deemed necessary to add to the solemnity 39 According to the passage, Mr. Kelly considers his job rather_. （ A） demanding （ B） amusing （ C） sacred （ D） creative 40 Japanese priest at a wedding in Japan is_. （ A） bringing an end to the occupation （ B） m

30、isleading the bride and groom （ C） damaging the image of the former （ D） corrupting the morals of weddings 41 According to Mr. Kelly, what mostly interests a Japanese couple at the wedding is_. （ A） how well the priest can perform his role （ B） what religious rituals are being followed （ C） whether

31、other participants can be moved （ D） who can make them burst into tears 41 There are already drugs that brighten moods, like Prozac, and other antidepressants that control levels of a brain chemical called serotonin. While originally meant to treat depression, these drugs have been used for other ps

32、ychological conditions like shyness and anxiety and even by otherwise healthy people to feel better about themselves. But is putting people in a better mood really making them happy? People can also drown their sorrows in alcohol or get a euphoric feeling using narcotics, but few people who do so wo

33、uld be called truly happy. The Presidents Council on Bioethics said in a recent report that while antidepressants might make some people happier, they can also substitute for what can truly bring happiness: a sense of satisfaction with ones identity, accomplishments and relationships. “ In the pursu

34、it of happiness human beings have always worried about falling for the appearance of happiness and missing its reality,“ the council wrote. It added, “ Yet a fraudulent happiness is just what the pharmacological management of our mental lives threatens to confer upon us. “ Now the race is on to deve

35、lop pills to make people smarter. These drugs aim at memory loss that occurs in people with Alzheimers disease or a precursor called mild cognitive impairment. But it is lost on no one that if a memory drug works and is safe, it may one day be used by healthy people to learn faster and remember long

36、er. Studies have already shown that animals can be made to do both when the activity of certain genes is increased or decreased. Dr. Tom Tully, a professor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, created genetically engineered fruit flies that he said had “photographic memory. “ They could, in one session

37、, learn something that took normal flies 10 sessions. “ It immediately convinced everyone that memory was going to be just another biological process,“ Dr. Tully said. “Theres nothing special about it. That meant that it was going to be treatable and manipulable. “ But experts say that improving mem

38、ory will not necessarily make one smarter, in the sense of IQ, let alone in wisdom. “ It would be a mistake to think that drugs that have an impact on memory necessarily will have an effect on intelligence,“ said Dr. Daniel L. Schacher, chairman of psychology at Harvard. “Is it a good thing to remem

39、ber everything?“ Dr. Tully asked. Could a brain too crammed with information suffer some sort of overload? 42 Talking of antidepressants, the author expresses dissatisfaction with_. （ A） their wide promotion （ B） their original aim （ C） their extended use （ D） their free prescription 43 The word “eu

40、phoric“(boldfaced in Paragraph 2)can be replaced by the word “_“. （ A） refreshed （ B） deceptive （ C） regenerative （ D） delighted 44 According to the Councils report, for those who seek contentment with their lives, antidepressants can_. （ A） cheat them （ B） please them （ C） facilitate them （ D） scar

41、e them 45 The example of fruit flies is given to show that_. （ A） medication for improving memory is safe （ B） animals can do something humans cannot （ C） drugs can help healthy people learn faster （ D） medical science can work some wonders 46 The author thinks that, to one, remembering everything c

42、ould be_. （ A） damaging （ B） deluding （ C） discouraging （ D） dissatisfying 47 From the passage we can infer that medicines have little power in_. （ A） bringing one mixed feelings （ B） solving psychological problems （ C） making people remember better （ D） manipulating brain disorders 47 The staff of

43、Normandy Crossing Elementary School outside Houston eagerly awaited the results of state achievement tests this spring. For the principal and assistant principal, high scores could buoy their careers at a time when success is increasingly measured by such tests. For fifth-grade math and science teac

44、hers, the rewards were more tangible: a bonus of $2,850. But when the results came back, some seemed too good to be true. Indeed, after an investigation by the Galena Park Independent School District, the principal and three teachers resigned May 24 in a scandal over test tampering. The district sai

45、d the educators had distributed a detailed study guide after stealing a look at the state science test by “tubing“ itsqueezing a test booklet, without breaking its paper seal, to form an open tube so that questions inside could be seen and used in the guide. The district invalidated students scores.

46、 Of all the forms of academic cheating, none may be as startling as educators tampering with childrens standardized tests. But investigations in many states this year have pointed to cheating by educators. Experts say the phenomenon is increasing as the stakes over standardized testing become higher

47、including, most recently, taking students progress on tests into consideration in teachers performance reviews. Many school districts already link teachers bonuses to student improvement on state assessments. Houston decided this year to use the data to identify experienced teachers for dismissal, a

48、nd New York City will use it to make tenure decisions on novice teachers. The federal No Child Left Behind law is a further source of pressure. Like a high jump bar set intentionally low in the beginning, the lawwhich mandates that public schools bring all students up to grade level in reading and m

49、ath by 2014was easy to satisfy early on. But the bar is notched higher annually, and the penalties for schools that fail to get over it also rise: teachers and administrators can lose jobs and see their school taken over. No national data is collected on educator cheating. Experts who consult with school systems estimated that 1 percent