[外语类试卷]2014年山东大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2014年山东大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Most good writers use every means at their_to make the readers way smooth and easy. （ A） will （ B） disposal （ C） request （ D） convenience 2 John was so_in his book that he did not hear the doorbell ring. （ A） engaged （ B） occupied （ C） absorbed （

2、 D） concentrated 3 Too much_to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. （ A） exposure （ B） disclosure （ C） contact （ D） connection 4 And we maintain a reflexive, _ affection for Uncle Ralph, the boring fellow with interminable stories of a time we never knew. （ A） hateful （ B

3、） distanced （ C） loving （ D） close glaring 5 _a delay, the train will arrive in Shanghai at 6:30 a. m. （ A） Except （ B） Barring （ C） Apart from （ D） On account of 6 If something very substantial is not done next month, he cannot_his office. （ A） obtain （ B） secure （ C） have （ D） retain 7 Stores and

4、supermarkets have been_with each other to attract customers. （ A） striving （ B） vying （ C） conquering （ D） sprouting 8 The boy was very naughty, his mother_punishment to make him obey. （ A） took advantage （ B） made use （ C） resorted to （ D） turned for 9 If the heavy rain had_an extreme high tide, se

5、rious flooding would have resulted. （ A） happened to （ B） occurred to （ C） coincided with （ D） turned out 10 The criminal was told he would be_from punishment if he said what he knew about the murder. （ A） immune （ B） immigrant （ C） imminent （ D） infallible 11 It is hard to tell whether we are going

6、 to have a_in the economy or a recession. （ A） concession （ B） boom （ C） transmission （ D） submission 12 There is no_evidence that the diplomatic relations will be restored to normal between these two countries. （ A） tangible （ B） touchable （ C） noticeable （ D） inevitable 13 The mountain peak is_on

7、the horizon. （ A） straddling （ B） overlooking （ C） towering （ D） dominant 14 All the investors in stocks must be_to the risks in such investment. （ A） realistic （ B） alert （ C） accessible （ D） awake 15 The excursion will give you an even deeper_into our language and culture. （ A） inquiry （ B） invest

8、igation （ C） input （ D） insight 16 The Prime Minister denied that the president_any information about the transfer and transaction of the nuclear weapons in North Korea. （ A） kept silent about （ B） was privy to （ C） was knowledgeable about （ D） had a stake in 17 _there was not a soul around except s

9、ome cars passing occasionally. （ A） Over night （ B） At dusk （ C） In the dead of night （ D） Fortnight 18 With facilities worth 30 to 50 billion dollars and 9,000 miles of roads in the national_ park system alone, keeping up with needed repairs is. （ A） overwhelming （ B） appalling （ C） dominant （ D） a

10、ppealing 19 The career I have chosen_opportunities yet it is fraught with heartbreak, despair and hardship. （ A） is laden with （ B） is lack of （ C） is burdened with （ D） is in want of 20 Science is based on experiment, on a willingness to_old dogma, on an openness to see the universe as it really is

11、. （ A） encounter （ B） convert （ C） challenge （ D） formulate 21 In the process of development we should_heart that social life is based on exchange. （ A） take from （ B） take to （ C） take for （ D） take in 22 What makes basketball the most_of sports is how these styles do not necessarily clash. （ A） as

12、piring （ B） intriguing （ C） conspiring （ D） famous 23 She is too shy to ask a stranger the time, _speak to a room of people. （ A） much less （ B） much more （ C） still more （ D） more or less 24 A balance used for weighing drugs or jewels must be a_instrument, but this would be quite unsuitable for wei

13、ghing coal, sand or blocks of stone. （ A） distinction （ B） correction （ C） precaution （ D） precision 25 Motorcyclists should wear helmets to_them from injury. （ A） save （ B） shield （ C） shelter （ D） defend 26 _what has been said, it is unlike that population growth will be halted, either in the deve

14、loped or in the undeveloped world. （ A） In view of （ B） On behalf of （ C） For the sake of （ D） With the exception of 27 This new book has received several reviews since its publication; but none of them have made a just_of the book. （ A） calculation （ B） evaluation （ C） profit （ D） register 28 The s

15、py gave General Washington a_report on enemy activities. （ A） confident （ B） influential （ C） confidential （ D） substantial 29 Henrys news report covering the conference was so_that nothing had been omitted. （ A） comprehensive （ B） comprehensible （ C） understanding （ D） understandable 30 In Scotland

16、, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, _schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16. （ A） compelling （ B） forced （ C） obliged （ D） compulsory 二、 Cloze 30 The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases【 C1】 _the trial of Rosemary We

17、st. In a significant【 C2】 _of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a【 C3】 _bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【 C4】 _and will strictly control the amount of【 C5】 _that can be given to a case【 C6】 _a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufma

18、n, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he【 C7】 _with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not【 C8】 _sufficient control.【 C9】 _of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【 C10】_of media protest when he said the【 C11】 _of pri

19、vacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges【 C12】 _to parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which【 C13】 _the European convention on Human Rights legally【 C14】 _in Britain, laid down that everybody was【 C15】 _to privacy and that public

20、 figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “ Press freedoms will be in safe hands【 C16】_our British judges,“ he said. Witness payments became an【 C17】 _after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were【 C18】_to have received payments for telling

21、 their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised【 C19】 _witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to【 C20】 _guilty verdicts. 31 【 C1】 （ A） as to （ B） for instance （ C） in particular （ D） such as 32 【 C2】 （ A） tightening （ B） intensifying （ C） focusing （ D） fastening 33 【 C

22、3】 （ A） sketch （ B） rough （ C） preliminary （ D） draft 34 【 C4】 （ A） illogical （ B） illegal （ C） improbable （ D） improper 35 【 C5】 （ A） publicity （ B） penalty （ C） popularity （ D） peculiarity 36 【 C6】 （ A） since （ B） if （ C） before （ D） as 37 【 C7】 （ A） sided （ B） shared （ C） complied （ D） agreed 38

23、【 C8】 （ A） present （ B） offer （ C） manifest （ D） indicate 39 【 C9】 （ A） Release （ B） Publication （ C） Printing （ D） Exposure 40 【 C10】 （ A） storm （ B） rage （ C） flare （ D） flash 41 【 C11】 （ A） translation （ B） interpretation （ C） exhibition （ D） demonstration 42 【 C12】 （ A） better than （ B） other th

24、an （ C） rather than （ D） sooner than 43 【 C13】 （ A） changes （ B） makes （ C） sets （ D） turns 44 【 C14】 （ A） binding （ B） convincing （ C） restraining （ D） sustaining 45 【 C15】 （ A） authorized （ B） credited （ C） entitled （ D） qualified 46 【 C16】 （ A） with （ B） to （ C） from （ D） by 47 【 C17】 （ A） impact

25、 （ B） incident （ C） inference （ D） issue 48 【 C18】 （ A） stated （ B） remarked （ C） said （ D） told 49 【 C19】 （ A） what （ B） when （ C） which （ D） that 50 【 C20】 （ A） assure （ B） confide （ C） ensure （ D） guarantee 三、 Reading Comprehension 50 When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives,

26、we usually think about the Federal agents. But the private sector outdoes the government every time. Its Linda Tripp, not the FBI, who is facing charges under Marylands laws against secret telephone taping. Its our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service(IRS), that pass our private financial data to

27、 telemarketing firms. Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will. As an example of whats going on, consider U. S. Bancorp, which was recently sued for de

28、ceptive practices by the state of Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names, phone numbers, bank-account and credit-card numbers, Social Security numbers, account balances and credit limits. With these customer

29、 lists in hand, MemberWorks started dialing for dollars-selling dental plans, videogames, computer software and other products and services. Customers who accepted a “ free trial offer“ had 30 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card a

30、ccounts. U. S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues. Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims. They, didnt know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks. And if customers asked, they were led to think the answer was no. The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptiv

31、e selling. The company denies that it did anything wrong. For its part, U. S. Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes. But it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms. A few top banks decided to do the same. Many other banks will still do business w

32、ith MemberWorks and similar firms. And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products, including things of little value, such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans. You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts

33、 for profit. For example, no federal law shields “transaction and experience“ informationmainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms. Theyve generally agreed not to sell to the public. But to businesses, the numbers are an open book

34、. Self-regulation doesnt work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy, but who enforces it? Take U. S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that “ all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential“. Then it sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank even cla

35、ims that it doesnt “sell“ your data at all. It merely “shares“ it and reaps a profit. Now you know. 51 Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on peoples privacy_. （ A） is practiced exclusively by the FBI （ B） is more prevalent in business circles （ C） has been intensified with the

36、help of the IRS （ D） is mainly carried out by means of secret taping 52 We know from the passage that_. （ A） the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to protect private information （ B） most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices of private businesses （ C） legislators

37、 are acting to pass a law to provide better privacy protection （ D） lawmakers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire into customers buying habits 53 When the “free trial“ deadline is over, youll be charged without notice for a product or service if_. （ A） you happen to reveal your

38、 credit card number （ B） you fail to cancel it within the specified period （ C） you fail to apply for extension of the deadline （ D） you find the product or service unsatisfactory 54 Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank accounts as private because _. （ A） it is considered “t

39、ransaction and experience“ information unprotected by law （ B） it has always been considered an open secret by the general public （ C） its sale can be brought under control through self-regulation （ D） its revelation will do no harm to consumers under the current protection policy 55 We can infer fr

40、om the passage that_. （ A） banks will have to change their ways of doing business （ B） free trial practice will eventually be banned （ C） privacy protection laws will soon be enforced （ D） consumers privacy will continue to be invaded 55 Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul“ is debatable, t

41、hat they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will

42、not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but

43、 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle r

44、eveals that the “proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner“. The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then g

45、lance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselvesto glance away only brie

46、fly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical

47、 this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses. 56 The author is convinced that the eyes are_. （ A） of extreme im

48、portance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas （ B） something through which one can see a persons inner world （ C） of considerable significance in making conversations interesting （ D） something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate 57 Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person_. （ A） whose front view is fully perceived （ B） whose face is covered with a mask （ C） whose face is seen from the side （ D） whose face is free of any covering 58 According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partners neck because_. （ A） they d