[外语类试卷]2015年湖北省考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2015年湖北省考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 I am standing on the seventh-floor balcony of an apartment building overlooking the heart of Moscow. It is a dark city, some might say grim. It looks and feels as if it has been worn down to its bare bones: broken sidewalks, cracked facades, weeds ro

2、oted in the very mortar. This city is not easy to look at. So I avert my eyes, and they settle on a little boy sleeping inside the apartment. His name is Alexei. He is 7. With every rise and fall of his chest, Moscow, the used, broken city, is renewed for me a thousand times. A dark place has given

3、me light in the form of my adoptive son. Alexei has been my son for only two days, but I have been waiting three years for him. Thats when I began the adoption process, three years ago, before I even knew of Alexeis existence. Never in my imaginings did I think that I would one day be so far from ho

4、me, counting my sons breaths, counting the hours until we would board a plane for America, a place that he had no conception of “Alexei, “ I had said through a translator as I knelt before him at the orphanage and helped him with his socks. “ What do you know about America?“ His reply was immediate:

5、 “I will have all the gum I want. “ Most people adopt infants or very little children so that as much of their history as possible will be given to them by their parents. But Alexei carries a radiance of native culture: his memories of orphanage life in the once-closed city of Tula; the large, graci

6、ous, doting Russian women who have cared for him all his life; the aromatic Russian food he loves, and the language, that impossible, expressive, explosive Russian language that sometimes separates me from him like a wall, but also summons us to heroic legends as we attempt to communicate. I have be

7、en in Russia for two weeks. But it wasnt until the fourth day that I was brought to see Alexei. My Russian contact drove me through 100 miles of a country struggling to get back on its feet after years of internal neglect; pitted roadways, crumbling bridges, warped roofs. It made me recall what some

8、one had once said about Russia, that she is a third-world country with a first-world army. We finally came to an orphanage. Once inside, I stood in a near-empty room, reminding myself that this was the culmination of three years of scrutiny, disappointment, and dead-ends. There were moments when I h

9、ad told myself, “Its so much easier to have a kid the natural way. Nobody asks any questions. “ But as a single man, a biological child was not a ready option. I now recognized these as idle thoughts, for I realized that Alexei, even sight unseen, would be as much mine as if he were my natural son.

10、The door opened. A woman came out, her hand on the shoulder of a little boy just awakened from sound sleep. I gave Alexei a Pez candy dispenser, something as alien to him as life in America. After a few moments of scrutiny, he filled with candy, a sure sign of intelligence, for Pez, dispensers are n

11、otoriously difficult to load. At the end of our first meeting I knelt before Alexei and told him I would be back to get him in a week. 1 The author watched every rise and fall of Alexeis chest （ A） counting his sons breaths and biding his time to board the plane （ B） turning his eyes away from the g

12、loomy and dilapidated city （ C） feeling a nameless pang of regret about the adoption process （ D） visualizing the potential of the city to regain its vigor and power 2 The author apparently appreciates and respects （ A） the rich and brilliant culture of the country （ B） the orphans history given by

13、their parents （ C） the great country for nurturing his lovely son （ D） the gracious woman for bringing up his lovely son 3 When the author was travelling 100 miles of a country, which of the following is NOT a sign showing it was pretty worn-out? （ A） Roads scarred with holes. （ B） Walls overgrown w

14、ith weeds. （ C） Streets leading to dead-ends. （ D） Bridges falling into decay. 4 The author dismissed the idea of having a kid the natural way because （ A） it was an idle thought to have moments of scrutiny （ B） it was not easy to do so for an unmarried man （ C） he was looking forward to adopting a

15、Russian boy （ D） he preferred to adopt a Russian boy sight unseen 4 Most people seek some degree of inner peace at work, and it can be difficult to obtain. Work is stressful, and most of us tend to either overwork ourselves or we are, for other reasons, negatively affected by things happening at wor

16、k. The struggle to maintain ones inner peace and avoid burnout(职业倦怠症 )has become a standard ingredient, of modern working life. Many of us attend seminars on work life-balance, we see therapists, we meditate, or we seek advice on how to handle stressful careers. The balancing of ones personal life a

17、nd work life is a challenge to all of us who aspire to be successfulby whatever relevant metric. It is not surprising that so much is being said and written on the topic. Unfortunately, I have noticed a tendency to talk about the dangers of burnout at work in terms that provoke fear and panic in the

18、 stressed individual rather than lead him or her to slow down. Our methods of discussing the dangers of stress and burnout are too defensive and too reactive. We tend to think that the busyness of work is somehow dangerous, and that we need to balance out the busyness with the emptiness of non-work.

19、 Our emphasis on practices such as meditation, yoga, mindfulnessor simply just periods of nothingnessas means of balancing out the stress of work illustrates this point. All of these things can be good and helpful in their own right, but they all stand for a “letting go“ of things. They are defined

20、by inactivity. This logic leads to a kind of life where the “active“ is considered to be dangerous and something that should always be balanced out by the “inactive“. We oscillate between the two extremesfearful of staying too long in any of the camps. This oscillation is stressful in itself. It wou

21、ld be much better if we had a way of living that could embrace, enjoy, and handle the tough, everyday work life rather than constantly looking for ways to escape it. 5 The author of the passage seems to reject the statement that （ A） we are negatively affected by things happening at work （ B） balanc

22、ing ones personal life and work life is a challenge to all of us （ C） burnout provokes fear and panic in the stressed individual （ D） the emptiness of non-work is the best way to balance out the busyness 6 According to the passage, which statement is NOT true? （ A） In modern life some degree of inne

23、r peace at work can be difficult to obtain. （ B） Meditation is the best way to achieve inner peace in individuals. （ C） Practices such as meditation, yoga, mindfulness are defined as inactivity. （ D） Those who aspire to be successful have to balance between work and life. 7 The underlined word “osci

24、llate“ in paragraph 6 means （ A） move or swing from side to side regularly （ B） search here and there （ C） vary between opinions or courses of action （ D） jump up and down 8 What will the author continue to discuss in the part that follows the passage? （ A） Suggestions for how to achieve the perfect

25、 work-life-balance. （ B） Problems people are to encounter at work every day. （ C） Dangers of escaping the tough daily work life. （ D） Illustrations of active and inactive life. 8 Lorries are responsible for over half of all cyclist deaths in London, a third across the UK as a whole, 43% of cycling f

26、atalities in Belgium and 38% in the Netherlands. In all, about 1, 000 people die annually in Europes road traffic accidents, but a “direct vision“ design concept could slash those figures by increasing the field of vision for drivers in front and to the sidesof their lorries, according to a new repo

27、rt by Loughborough University. “Blind spots can be a significant factor in fatal accidents with lorries, “ said Dr. Steve Sununerskill, one of the reports co-authors. “The study shows that the size of these blind spots can be minimized through improved cab(驾驶室 )design, the reduction of cab height an

28、d the addition of extra windows. “ The proposed new lorry model would have an 80cm longer cab with a rounded nose, smaller dashboard, expanded glassed areas and a slightly lower driver position, panoramically expanding the range of sight from behind a lorry cabs wheel. By contrast, truck drivers tod

29、ay sit in a position high above their engines in brick-shaped lorry cabs that leave them unable to see much of the movement around their vehicles. The paper analyzed 704 accidents involving heavy goods vehicles and found that 31% of road fatalities were caused by drivers pulling away, 19% were cause

30、d by left turns, 7% by right turns, and 25% from drivers reversing. Surprisingly, vehicles changing lanes were responsible for half of all accidents but no fatalities. The analysis indicates that “ critical blind spots“ in current models cannot be compensated for by the use of lorry drivers mirrors,

31、 because of the time lapse between checking them, making observations through the window, and then pulling away from a junction. “If this tune period is four seconds, this is enough time for a cyclist to undertake the heavy goods vehicle, with the driver being unaware of his or her presence, “ the p

32、aper says. Such weaknesses have been highlighted in other research but European rules have still tended to prioritize drivers “indirect vision“or the line of sight they get from mirrors over their blind spots. The EUs existing law on lorry weights and dimensions makes this worse by forcing a design

33、with particularly large blind spots, according to Transport and Environment(T for nearness does not consist in shortness of distance. What is least remote from us in point of distance, by virtue of its picture on film or its sound on the radio, can remain far from us. What is incalculably far from u

34、s in point of distance can be near to us. “ Western technology and the market economy are shrinking the world, bringing the West closer to other peoples, and other previously accessible regions of the earth. Yet this dramatic global change has not opened the West to difference, either the nonhuman d

35、ifferences of the earth or the cultural differences of nonwestern peoples. On the contrary, the expansion of the West and the resultant “small world“ is still, as in colonial days, primarily a movement of domination. It depends on the exploitation of the land and organic life, and the exploitation o

36、f the labor and lives of the majority of the earths peoples. Because the oppressions of the earth, of women, and of those who do not belong to “the abstract dominant non- group“ called whites are intimately related and reinforce one another, caring for women and for the earth cannot be separated fro

37、m caring for diverse human communities. Western economic development, Vandana Shiva explains, is supposed to be a model of progress for the so-called Third World that would improve productivity and growth. However, western development, as capital accumulation and commercialization of the economy for

38、 the generation of surplus and various and as natural resource utilization, emerged in the context of colonization, industrialization, and capitalist growth. This notion of economic development has been falsely universalized and applied, with disastrous results, to the entirely different context to

39、attempting to satisfy basic needs of newly independent world peoples. Western so-called development in Third World countries has generated profit of various multinational corporations, created internal colonialism, undermined sustainable lifestyles, destroyed local ecologies and has, as a result, cr

40、eated true material property. From a western perspective, if a people do not anticipate in the market economy and do not consume western-style commodities produced for and distributed through the market, they are regarded as living in poverty. Because, moreover, from a western perspective, productio

41、n and development take place only when mediated by technologies for commodity production and profit, such peoples are considered underdeveloped and unproductive. However, for most indigenous peoples, for example, maintaining an ecologically balanced connection to their land is much more essential to

42、 their being and culture than the lands monetary value and its so called natural resources. 17 Whats Heideggers comment on “nearness“ in passage 1? （ A） It is distance-oriented. （ B） It is visual or at least auditory. （ C） It is a phenomenon of globalization. （ D） It is not a geographical concept. 1

43、8 The attitude of westerners to cultural or uncultured difference in other peoples is that of_. （ A） rejection （ B） open-mindedness （ C） detest （ D） appreciation 19 What is Vandana Shivas view about western economic development? （ A） It should be a model of progress for all the developed countries.

44、（ B） It would be balancing profit and production in an ecological way. （ C） It may not be adaptable to the Third World countries. （ D） It could be a disaster for people in the market economy. 20 The underlined word “indigenous“ in the last paragraph means_. （ A） intelligent （ B） local （ C） diligent

45、（ D） bewildered 二、 Cloze 20 Just four bits of information collected from a shoppers credit card can be used to identify almost anyone, researchers have found. The study in the journal Science【 C1】 _ three months of credit card records for 1. 1 million people in an【 C2】 _ industrialized country. Nine

46、ty percent of individuals could be【 C3】 _ identified using just four pieces of【 C4】 _ , such as where they bought coffee one day or where they a【 C5】_ new jumper or pair of shoes. 【 C6】 _ , credit cards use was just as【 C7】 _ at identifying someone as mobile phone records, the study found. Knowing t

47、he price of a【 C8】 _ could boost the risk of re-identification by 22 percent. “Even data sets that【 C9】 _ coarse information at any or all of the dimensions provide little anonymity(匿名 )， “ the study, led by Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and colleagues at Aa

48、rhus University in Demark, revealed.【 C10】 _ some of the specifics were stripped from credit card data, such as【 C11】 _ the general area where a purchase was made instead of the【 C12】_ shop, or expanding the time range to 15 days【 C13】 _ one, a person who would have believed themselves believed them

49、selves【 C14】 _ could be re-identified with “just a few more【 C15】 _ data points“, said the study. “Women are more than【 C16】 _ men in credit card metadata, “ it added. People with higher【 C17】 _ were also easier to identify, perhaps because they “have【 C18】 _ patterns in how they divide their time between the【 C19】 _ they visit“, added the study. The researchers【 C20】 _ more advanced technologies to protect data that is simply made anonymous. 21 【