[外语类试卷]2015年职称英语（卫生类）C级真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2015年职称英语（卫生类） C级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 It is prudent to start any exercise program gradually at first. （ A） workable （ B） sensible （ C） possible （ D） feasible 2 The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. （ A） messa

2、ge （ B） punishment （ C） guilt （ D） obligation 3 These products are inferior to those we bought last year. （ A） poorer than （ B） narrower than （ C） larger than （ D） richer than 4 The organization was bold enough to face the press. （ A） pleased （ B） brave （ C） powerful （ D） sensible 5 The political si

3、tuation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. （ A） improved （ B） changed （ C） worsened （ D） developed 6 Most people find rejection hard to accept. （ A） refusal （ B） excuse （ C） client （ D） destiny 7 They re petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. （ A） planning （ B）

4、preparing （ C） looking （ D） requesting 8 He said some harsh words about his brother. （ A） proper （ B） normal （ C） unkind （ D） unclear 9 The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources. （ A） puzzling （ B） difficult （ C） terrifying （ D） urgent 10 It is the movemen

5、t,not the color,of objects that excites the bull. （ A） frightens （ B） scares （ C） arouses （ D） confuses 11 I catch cold now and then. （ A） always （ B） occasionally （ C） constantly （ D） regularly 12 There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country. （ A） a steady （ B） a plentiful （ C） an ext

6、ra （ D） a stable 13 We cannot exist without air, food or water. （ A） expand （ B） rise （ C） live （ D） quit 14 We were attracted by the lure of quick money. （ A） amount （ B） tempt （ C） supply （ D） sum 15 Shes extremely competent and industrious. （ A） hardworking （ B） honest （ C） objective （ D） indepen

7、dent 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye Health Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline(基线 )eye exams at age 40, say

8、s the American Academy of Ophthalmology(AAO)(美国眼科学会 ) The reminder(提示 )is part of the AAOs EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February. “ Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs, “ Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux, a clinical correspondent for the AAO, said in a prepared statem

9、ent. “Gradual changes in vision can affect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities. Based on the findings from the initial screening, an eye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams. People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or are at high r

10、isk due to family history, diabetes(糖尿病 )or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked, the AAO recommends. By 2020, 43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eve diseases

11、such as cata-racts(白内障 )and glaucoma(青光眼 ). Thats a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases. But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss. Only 23 percent of Americans are very concerned about losing their vision, w

12、hile most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss, according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign. 16 Everyone need to get baseline eye exams at age 40, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17

13、 In Dr. Stephanie Marioneauxs opinion, eye diseases progress by warning signs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Gradual changes in vision can affect ones thought. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 A schedule for follow-up eye exams will be created by the findings from the initia

14、l screening. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Only the old men with diabetes or high blood pressure should consult with eye doctor. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Cataracts and glaucoma are related to age. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Most Americans are concern

15、ed about the risk of vision loss more than weight gain or joint pain. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Ebola Outbreak 1 You are likely aware that several cou

16、ntries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus. 2 To date, there are only three maj

17、or countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola with their border. 3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus i

18、s virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though the vims is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms i

19、s communicable. 4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon

20、 symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat. 5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the bodys inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the b

21、odys normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制 ), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion(器官灌注 )ultimately lead to organ failure and death. 6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria(疟疾 )are far more c

22、ommunicable, Ebola is one of the worlds most fatal viral infections. Ebolas fatality rate exceeds that of SARS. A Am I at risk of contracting the virus? B Is the current outbreak the deadliest? C How do I know if I have contracted the virus? D What areas are currently affected? E What exactly does E

23、bola do to the body? F What caused the Ebola outbreak? 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 26 A infected body fluids B against the outbreak severity C the mode of transmission D the initial days of being infected E three countries in West Africa F within a wide range of d

24、ays 27 The initial Ebola outbreak was found in_. 28 The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in_. 29 The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear_. 30 The Ebola virus transmits by contact with_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Da

25、ngers Await Babies with Altitude Women who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes. Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter tha

26、n average. But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down. To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge Universi

27、ty studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3. 65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers. Sure enough,

28、Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very

29、surprised by this result, “says Giussani. The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,“ says Giussani. His team also found that high-altitude babies tended

30、 to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body. Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz

31、might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life. 31 What does the new study discover? （ A） Babies

32、born to wealthy families are heavier. （ B） Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies. （ C） Newborns in cities are lighter than average. （ D） Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life. 32 Giussani and his team are sure that_. （ A） babies born in

33、La Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz （ B） people living in La Paz are poorer than those in Santa Cruz （ C） the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above average （ D） mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished 33 It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4

34、that_. （ A） the finding was unexpected （ B） he was very tired （ C） the study took longer than expected （ D） he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz 34 The results of the study indicate the reason for the birth of underweight babies is_. （ A） lack of certain nutrition （ B） poverty of t

35、heir mothers （ C） different family backgrounds （ D） reduction of oxygen levels 35 It can be learned from the last paragraph that_. （ A） high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their later life （ B） underweight babies have a shorter life span （ C） babies born to poor families lack ce

36、rtain hormones before birth （ D） newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies 35 Most Adults in U. S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80 percent of U. S. adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a rep

37、ort in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology(心脏病学 ). Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. “ I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary(心脏冠 状动脉的 )heart disease is distributed in the U. S. pop

38、ulation,“ lead(带头的 )author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13 ,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition(营养的供给 )Exami

39、nation Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more

40、likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity(种族划分 )had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10 -year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medi

41、cal Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add. 36 Which of the following statements is NOT righ

42、t? （ A） The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most U. S. adult. （ B） Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people. （ C） Women have a higher risk of heart disease than man. （ D） The distribution of the risk of heart disease are hardly related to race. 37 According to

43、the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, _of the U. S. adults had a risk of developing heart disease above 20 percent in the next 10 years. （ A） three percent （ B） ten percent （ C） twenty percent （ D） eighty-two percent 38 _does NOT have the least effect on risk distributions. （ A） Age （ B

44、） Gender （ C） Race （ D） Blood group 39 Whats the percentage that 15% of the U. S. adults had a risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years? （ A） About 3%. （ B） Less than 10% . （ C） Betweenl0% -20%. （ D） Above 20%. 40 Dr. Daniel and Dr. Nathan suggest reducing the risk of overall population

45、 by_. （ A） losing weight （ B） aggressive treatment measures （ C） public health strategies （ D） Both B and C 40 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found The World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis(结核病 ). Most

46、 times, the infection remains inactive(不活跃的 ). But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug - resistant forms of tuberculosis. Current treatments take at least six

47、 months. Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic(抗生素 )drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel belter. Doing that can lead to an infection(传染病 )that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now

48、a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to o

49、thers. The researchers developed a mathematical(数学的 )model to examine the effects of a two -month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. Tha