[外语类试卷]2017年12月大学英语六级真题试卷（三）及答案与解析.doc

1、2017年 12月大学英语六级真题试卷（三）及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Help others, and you will be helped when you are in need. “ You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200

2、words. Section A （ A） Say a few words to thank the speaker. （ B） Introduce the speaker to the audience. （ C） Give a lecture on the history of the town. （ D） Host a talk on how to give a good speech. （ A） He was the founder of the local history society. （ B） He has worked with Miss Bligh for 20 years

3、. （ C） He has published a book on public speaking. （ D） He joined the local history society when young. （ A） She was obviously better at talking than writing. （ B） She had a good knowledge of the towns history. （ C） Her speech was so funny as to amuse the audience. （ D） Her ancestors came to the tow

4、n in the 18th century. （ A） He read exactly what was written in his notes. （ B） He kept forgetting what he was going to say. （ C） He made an embarrassing remark. （ D） He was too nervous to speak up. （ A） What their retailers demand. （ B） What their rivals are doing. （ C） How they are going to beat t

5、heir rivals. （ D） How dramatically the market is changing. （ A） They should be taken seriously. （ B） They are rapidly catching up. （ C） Their business strategy is quite effective. （ D） Their potential has been underestimated. （ A） She had given it to Tom. （ B） It simply made her go frantic. （ C） She

6、 had not seen it yet. （ D） It was not much of a big concern. （ A） Restructuring the whole company. （ B） Employing more forwarding agents. （ C） Promoting cooperation with Jayal Motors. （ D） Exporting their motorbikes to Indonesia. Section B （ A） It makes claims in conflict with the existing research.

7、 （ B） It focuses on the link between bedtime and nutrition. （ C） It cautions against the overuse of coffee and alcohol. （ D） It shows that “night owls“ work much less efficiently. （ A） They pay greater attention to food choice. （ B） They tend to achieve less than their peers. （ C） They run a higher

8、risk of gaining weight. （ D） They stand a greater chance to fall sick. （ A） Get up late. （ B） Sleep 8 hours a day. （ C） Exercise more. （ D） Go to bed earlier. （ A） All of the acting nominees are white. （ B） It has got too much publicity on TV. （ C） It is prejudiced against foreign films. （ D） Only 7

9、% of the nominees are female. （ A） 22 percent of movie directors were people of color. （ B） Half of the TV programs were ethnically balanced. （ C） Only one-fifth of TV shows had black characters. （ D） Only 3.4 percent of film directors were women. （ A） Non-white males. （ B） Program creators. （ C） Fe

10、males of color over 40. （ D） Asian speaking characters. （ A） They constitute 17% of Hollywood movie characters. （ B） They are most underrepresented across TV and film. （ C） They contribute little to the U. S. film industry. （ D） They account for 8.5% of the U. S. population. Section C （ A） One that

11、can provide for emergency needs. （ B） One that can pay for their medical expenses. （ C） One that covers their debts and burial expenses. （ D） One that ensures a healthy life for their later years. （ A） Purchase insurance for their children. （ B） Save sufficient money for a rainy day. （ C） Buy a home

12、 with a small down payment. （ D） Add more insurance on the breadwinner. （ A） When their children grow up and leave home. （ B） When they have saved enough for retirement. （ C） When their family move to a different place. （ D） When they have found better-paying jobs. （ A） They do more harm than good.

13、（ B） They have often been ignored. （ C） They do not help build friendship. （ D） They may not always be negative. （ A） Biased sources of information. （ B） Ignorance of cultural differences. （ C） Misinterpretation of Shakespeare. （ D） Tendency to jump to conclusions. （ A） They are hard to dismiss once

14、 attached to a certain group. （ B） They may have a negative impact on people they apply to. （ C） They persist even when circumstances have changed. （ D） They are often applied to minorities and ethnic people. （ A） They impact people more or less in the same way. （ B） Some people are more sensitive t

15、o them than others. （ C） A positive stereotype may help one achieve better results. （ D） A negative stereotype sticks while a positive one does not. （ A） Use some over-the-counter medicine instead. （ B） Quit taking the medicine immediately. （ C） Take some drug to relieve the side effect. （ D） Ask yo

16、ur pharmacist to explain why it occurs. （ A） It may help patients fall asleep. （ B） It may lead to mental problems. （ C） It may cause serious harm to ones liver. （ D） It may increase the effect of certain drugs. （ A） Tell their children to treat medicines with respect. （ B） Keep medicines out of the

17、 reach of their children. （ C） Make sure their children use quality medicines. （ D） Ask their children to use legitimate medicines. Section A 26 Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany has just stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoli

18、ne and diesel as fuel by 2030. The country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95% by 2050,【 C1】 _a shift to green energy in the country. Effectively, the ban will include the registration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline【 C2】 _vehicle to be registered

19、 after 2030. Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and【 C3】 _is because energy officials see that they will not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not【 C4】_a large portion of vehicle emissions. The country is still【 C5】 _that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing emiss

20、ions by 40% by 2020, but the【 C6】_of electric cars in the country has not occurred as fast as expected. Other efforts to increase the use of electric vehicles include plans to build over 1 million hybrid and electric car battery charging stations across the country. By 2030, Germany plans on having

21、over 6 million charging stations【 C7】 _. According to the International Business Times, electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions scandal. There are【 C8】 _around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads, dwarfed by the 45

22、million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now. As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be taken to have a【 C9】 _effect on the surrounding environment. While the efforts are certainly not【 C10】 _, the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen

23、 by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future. A)acceptance I)incidentally B)currently J)installed C)disrupting K)noticeable D)eliminate L)powered E)exhaust M)restoration F)futile N)skeptical G)hopeful O)sparking H)implemented 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】

24、 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Apples Stance Highlights a More Confrontational Tech Industry A The battle between Apple and law enforcement officials over unlocking a terrorists smartphone is the culmination of a slow turning of the tables between the technology industry and the

25、United States government. B After revelations by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden in 2013 that the government both cozied up to(讨好 )certain tech companies and hacked into others to gain access to private data on an enormous scale, tech giants began to recognize the Un

26、ited States government as a hostile actor. But if the confrontation has crystallized in this latest battle, it may already be heading toward a predictable conclusion: In the long run, the tech companies are destined to emerge victorious. C It may not seem that way at the moment. On the one side, you

27、 have the United States governments mighty legal and security apparatus fighting for data of the most sympathetic sort: the secrets buried in a dead mass murderers phone. The action stems from a federal court order issued on Tuesday requiring Apple to help the Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI)to

28、unlock an iPhone used by one of the two attackers who killed 14 people in San Bernardino, California, in December. D In the other corner is the worlds most valuable company, whose chief executive, Timothy Cook, has said he will appeal the courts order. Apple argues that it is fighting to preserve a

29、principle that most of us who are addicted to our smartphones can defend: Weaken a single iPhone so that its contents can be viewed by the American government and you risk weakening all iPhones for any government intruder, anywhere. E There will probably be months of legal confrontation, and it is n

30、ot at all clear which side will prevail in court, nor in the battle for public opinion and legislative favor. Yet underlying all of this is a simple dynamic: Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies hold most of the cards in this confrontation. They have our data, and their businesses depend on t

31、he global publics collective belief that they will do everything they can to protect that data. F Any crack in that front could be fatal for tech companies that must operate worldwide. If Apple is forced to open up an iPhone for an American law enforcement investigation, what is to prevent it from d

32、oing so for a request from the Russians or the Iranians? If Apple is forced to write code that lets the FBI get into the Phone 5c used by Syed Rizwan Farook, the male attacker in the San Bernardino attack, who would be responsible if some hacker got hold of that code and broke into its other devices

33、? G Apples stance on these issues emerged post-Snowden, when the company started putting in place a series of technologies that, by default, make use of encryption(加密 )to limit access to peoples data. More than that, Appleand, in different ways, other tech companies, including Google, Facebook, Twit

34、ter and Microsofthave made their opposition to the governments claims a point of corporate pride. H Apples emerging global brand is privacy: it has staked its corporate reputation, not to mention the investment of considerable technical and financial resources, on limiting the sort of mass surveilla

35、nce that was uncovered by Mr. Snowden. So now, for many cases involving governmental intrusions into data, once-lonely privacy advocates find themselves fighting alongside the most powerful company in the world. I “A comparison point is in the 1990s battles over encryption,“ said Kurt Opsahl, genera

36、l counsel of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a privacy watchdog group. “Then you had a few companies involved, but not one of the largest companies in the world coming out with a lengthy and impassioned post, like we saw yesterday from Timothy Cook. Its profile has really been raised. “ J Apple

37、and other tech companies hold another ace: the technical means to keep making their devices more and more inaccessible. Note that Apples public opposition to the governments request is itself a hindrance to mass government intrusion. And to get at the contents of a single iPhone, the government says

38、 it needs a court order and Apples help to write new code: in earlier versions of the iPhone, ones that were created before Apple found religion on(热衷于 )privacy, the FBI might have been able to break into the device by itself. K You can expect that noose(束缚 )to continue to tighten. Experts said that

39、 whether or not Apple loses this specific case, measures that it could put into place in the future will almost certainly be able to further limit the governments reach. L That is not to say that the outcome of the San Bernardino case is insignificant. As apple and several security experts have argu

40、ed, an order compelling Apple to write software that gives the FBI access to the iPhone in question would establish an unsettling precedent. The order essentially asks Apple to hack its own devices, and once it is in place, the precedent could be used to justify law enforcement efforts to get around

41、 encryption technologies in other investigations far removed from national security threats. M Once armed with a method for gaining access to iPhones, the government could ask to use it proactively(先发制人地 ), before a suspected terrorist attackleaving Apple in a bind as to whether to comply or risk an

42、 attack and suffer a public-relations nightmare. “This is a brand new move in the war against encryption,“ Mr. Opsahl said. “ We have had plenty of debates in Congress and the media over whether the government should have a backdoor, and this is an end run(迂回战术 )around thathere they come with an ord

43、er to create that backdoor. “ N Yet it is worth noting that even if Apple ultimately loses this case, it has plenty of technical means to close a backdoor over time. “ If they are anywhere near worth their salt as engineers, I bet they are rethinking their threat model as we speak,“ said Jonathan Zd

44、ziarski, a digital expert who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities. O One relatively simple fix, Mr. Zdziarski said, would be for Apple to modify future versions of the iPhone to require a user to enter a passcode before the phone will accept the sort of modified operating system that the FBI

45、wants Apple to create. That way, Apple could not unilaterally introduce a code that weakens the iPhonea user would have to consent to it. P “Nothing is 100 percent hacker-proof,“ Mr. Zdziarski said, but he pointed out that the judges order in this case required Apple to provide “ reasonable security

46、 assistance“ to unlock Mr. Farooks phone. If Apple alters the security model of future iPhones so that even its own engineers “reasonable assistance“ will not be able to crack a given device when compelled by the government, a precedent set in this case might lose its lasting force. In other words,

47、even if the FBI wins this case, in the long run, it loses. 37 It is a popular belief that tech companies are committed to protecting their customers private data. 38 The US government believes that its access to peoples iPhones could be used to prevent terrorist attacks. 39 A federal court asked App

48、le to help the FBI access data in a terrorists iPhone. 40 Privacy advocates now have Apple fighting alongside them against government access to personal data. 41 Snowden revealed that the American government had tried hard to access private data on a massive scale. 42 The FBI might have been able to

49、 access private data in earlier iPhones without Apples help. 43 After the Snowden incident, Apple made clear its position to counter government intrusion into personal data by means of encryption. 44 According to one digital expert, no iPhone can be entirely free from hacking. 45 Timothy Cooks long web post has helped enhance Apples image. 46 Apples CEO has decided to appeal the federal courts order to unlock a users iPhone. Section C 46 At the base of a mountain in Ta