[外语类试卷]GMAT（VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷13及答案与解析.doc

1、GMAT（ VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 1 A society can achieve a fair distribution of resources only under conditions of economic growth. There can be no economic growth unless the society guarantees equality of economic opportunity to all of its citizens. Equality of economic opportunity cannot be guarante

2、ed unless a society s government actively works to bring it about. If the statements given are true, it can be properly concluded from them that （ A） no government can achieve a fair distribution of resources under conditions of economic growth. （ B） all societies that guarantee equality of economic

3、 opportunity to all of their members are societies that distribute resources fairly. （ C） a society can achieve a fair distribution of resources only if its government actively works to bring about equality of economic opportunity. （ D） there can be no economic growth in a society unless that societ

4、y guarantees a fair distribution of resources. （ E） some societies that experience economic growth fail to guarantee equality of opportunity to all of their citizens. 2 High Towers, a company that occupies several office buildings, is considering installing new energy-efficient light-bulbs in its bu

5、ildings. The new bulbs require less than half the electricity consumed by the conventional bulbs currently used to produce the same amount of light. The new bulbs also last considerably longer. It follows that by replacing old bulbs as they burn out with the new kind of bulb, High Towers would signi

6、ficantly reduce its overall lighting costs. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument given? （ A） If the new bulbs are widely adopted, as seems likely, they will be produced in large enough quantities to be offered at prices comparable to those of conventional bulbs. （ B） The ut

7、ility that supplies High Towers with electricity offers discounted rates to its largest customers. （ C） High Towers has recently signed a contract to occupy an additional small office building. （ D） High Towers has begun a campaign to encourage its employees to turn off lights whenever they leave a

8、room. （ E） The company that manufactures the new bulbs has been granted a patent on the innovative technology used in the bulbs and thus has exclusive rights to manufacture them. 3 The painter Peter Brandon never dated his works, and their chronology is only now beginning to take shape in the critic

9、al literature. A recent dating of a Brandon self-portrait to 1930 is surely wrong. Brandon was 63 years old in 1930, yet the painting shows a young, dark-haired man obviously Brandon, but clearly not a man of Which of the following, if justifiably assumed, allows the conclusion to be properly drawn?

10、 （ A） There is no securely dated self-portrait of Brandon that he painted when he was significantly younger than 63. （ B） In refraining from dating his works, Brandon intended to steer critical discussion of them away from considerations of chronology. （ C） Until recently, there was very little crit

11、ical literature on the works of Brandon. （ D） Brandon at age 63 would not have portrayed himself in a painting as he had looked when he was a young man. （ E） Brandon painted several self-portraits that showed him as a man past the age of 60. 4 Dance critic from Europe: The improved quality of ballet

12、 in the United States is the result of more Europeans teaching ballet in the United States than ever before. I know the proportion of teachers who were born and trained in Europe has gone up among ballet teachers in the United States, because last year, on my trip to New York, more of the ballet tea

13、chers I met were from Europe born and trained there than ever before. Which of the following identifies a questionable assumption made by the dance critics reasoning? （ A） The argument overlooks the possibility that some ballet teachers in the United States could have been born in Europe but trained

14、 in the United States. （ B） The argument assumes that the ballet teachers whom the critic met last year on the critics trip to New York were a generally typical group of such teachers. （ C） The argument assumes that the teaching of ballet in the United States is superior to the teaching of ballet in

15、 Europe. （ D） Other possible reasons for the improved mental attitudes of United States dancers arc not examined. （ E） The argument assumes that dancers born and trained in Europe are typically more talented than dancers born and trained in the United States. 5 Mayor: Four years ago when we reorgani

16、zed the city police department in order to save money, critics claimed that the reorganization would make the police less responsive to citizens and would thus lead to more crime. The police have compiled theft statistics from the years following the reorganization that show that the critics were wr

17、ong. There was an overall decrease in reports of thefts of all kinds, including small thefts. Which of the following, if true, most seriously challenges the mayors argument? （ A） When city police are perceived as unresponsive, victims of theft are less likely to report thefts to the police. （ B） The

18、 mayors critics generally agree that police statistics concerning crime reports provide the most reliable available data on crime rates. （ C） In other cities where police departments have been similarly reorganized, the numbers of reported thefts have generally risen following reorganization. （ D） T

19、he mayor s reorganization of the police department failed to save as much money as it was intended to save. （ E） During the four years immediately preceding the reorganization, reports of all types of theft had been rising steadily in comparison to reports of other crimes. 6 It takes a particular ta

20、lent to be a successful business manager. Business courses can help people to solve management problems, but such courses can do so only for those people with managerial talent. Such people should take business courses to acquire ideas that they can subsequently use to good advantage if management p

21、roblems happen to arise. If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true on the basis of them? （ A） People who are helped by business courses in solving management problems also have managerial talent. （ B） People who are already skilled at solving management problems are

22、unlikely to benefit from business courses. （ C） Most ideas that are used successfully in solving management problems are those acquired in business courses. （ D） People who lack managerial talent are more likely to take business courses than are people who have managerial talent. （ E） Those people w

23、ho have never taken business courses arc unable to solve management problems when such problems arise. 7 When a driver is suspected of having had too much to drink, testing the drivers ability to walk a straight line gives a more reliable indication of fitness to drive than does testing the drivers

24、blood-alcohol level. Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim made in the statement above? （ A） Not all observers will agree whether or not an individual has succeeded in walking a straight line. （ B） Because of genetic differences and variations in acquired tolerance to alcohol, som

25、e individuals suffer more serious motor impairment from a given high blood-alcohol level than do others. （ C） Tests designed to measure blood-alcohol levels are accurate, inexpensive, and easy to administer. （ D） More than half the drivers involved in fatal accidents have blood-alcohol levels that e

26、xceed the legal limit, whereas in less-serious accidents the proportion of legally intoxicated drivers is lower. （ E） Some individuals with high blood-alcohol levels are capable of walking a straight line but are not capable of driving safely. 8 That sales can be increased by the presence of sunligh

27、t within a store has been shown by the experience of the only Savefast department store with a large skylight. The skylight allows sunlight into half of the store, reducing the need for artificial light. The rest of the store uses only artificial light. Since the store opened two years ago, the depa

28、rtments on the sunlit side have had substantially higher sales than the other departments. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? （ A） On particularly cloudy days, more artificial light is used to illuminate the part of the store under the skylight. （ B） When the store is op

29、en at night, the departments in the part of the store under the skylight have sales that are no higher than those of other departments. （ C） Many customers purchase items from departments in both parts of the store on a single shopping trip. （ D） Besides the skylight, there are several significant a

30、rchitectural differences between the two parts of the store. （ E） The departments in the part of the store under the skylight are the departments that generally have the highest sales in other stores in the Savefast chain. 9 To protect beachfront buildings from ocean storms, ocean resorts have built

31、 massive seawalls between beaches and the buildings. Not only do the seawalls block off some buildings ocean view, but the beaches themselves become ever narrower, because sand can no longer creep inland as storms erode it at the water s edge. If the information is correct, which of the following co

32、nclusions is most strongly supported on the basis of it? （ A） Since the ferocity of ocean storms is increasing, increasingly high seawalls must be built between beaches and beachfront property. （ B） Even when beaches are heavily used by people, they are necessary to the survival of the many wild spe

33、cies that use them. （ C） Seawalls constructed to protect beachfront buildings will not themselves eventually be damaged by storms and will not require, if they are to protect the buildings, expensive repair or replacement. （ D） The conservation of beaches for future generations should be the overrid

34、ing goal of shore management at ocean coasts. （ E） Trying to protect beachfront buildings by constructing seawalls is counterproductive in the long run for an oceanfront community wishing to maintain itself as a beach resort. 10 A study found that 70 percent of children surveyed in 1970 had at one t

35、ime had cavities, whereas only 50 percent of those surveyed in 1985 had ever had cavities. The researchers concluded that the level of dental disease in children had declined between 1970 and 19Which of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the researchers conclusion presented above

36、? （ A） Cavities are the most common kind of dental disease to which children are subject. （ B） The children surveyed came from a broad variety of income backgrounds. （ C） The children surveyed were selected from among students of teachers cooperating with the researchers. （ D） The accuracy of cavity

37、 detection techniques has improved dramatically since 1970. （ E） The children surveyed in 1985 were younger on average than those surveyed in 1970. 11 David: Since attempting to preserve every species that is currently endangered is prohibitively expensive, the endangered species whose value to huma

38、nity is the greatest should be accorded the highest priority for preservation. Karen: Such a policy would be unsound because it is impossible to predict the future value of a species, nor is it always possible to assess the present value of species whose contributions to humanity, though significant

39、, are indirect. Which of the following is the main point of Karen s reply to David? （ A） Although it would be desirable to preserve all endangered species, doing so is not economically feasible. （ B） Even if the value to humanity of a given species is known, that value should not be a factor in any

40、decision on whether to expend effort to preserve that species. （ C） Species whose contributions to humanity are direct should have a higher priority for preservation efforts than species whose contributions to humanity are only indirect. （ D） Since the methods for deciding which species have the mos

41、t value to humanity are imperfect, informed decisions cannot be made on the basis of the assessment of such value. （ E） The preservation of endangered species whose value to humanity can be reliably predicted is more important than the preservation of species whose value for humanity is unpredictabl

42、e. 12 Roger: Reading a lot as a child causes nearsightedness difficulty seeing things at a distance. Louise: I disagree. Any correlation between nearsightedness and reading results from the fact that children who have trouble seeing things at a distance are likeliest to prefer those activitics, such

43、 as reading, that involve looking at things close up. Louise disputes Rogers claim by （ A） demonstrating that an absurd conclusion would follow if Rogers claim were accepted. （ B） arguing that what Roger claims to be a cause of a given phenomenon is actually its effect. （ C） using an analogy to expo

44、se a flaw in Rogers reasoning. （ D） pointing out that Rogers claim is self-contradictory. （ E） attempting to demonstrate that Roger uses the term “nearsightedness“ in an ambiguous way. 13 11 . Years ago, consumers in Finland began paying an energy tax in the form of two Finland pennies for each unit

45、 of energy consumed that came from nonrenewable sources. Following the introduction of this energy tax, there was a steady reduction in the total yearly consumption of energy from nonrenewable sources. If the statements in the passage are true, then which of the following must on the basis of them b

46、e true? （ A） There was a steady decline in the yearly revenues generated by the energy tax in Finland. （ B） There was a steady decline in the total amount of energy consumed each year in Finland. （ C） There was a steady increase in the use of renewable energy sources in Finland. （ D） The revenues ge

47、nerated by the energy tax were used to promote the use of energy from renewable sources. （ E） The use of renewable energy sources in Finland greatly increased relative to the use of nonrenewable energy sources. 14 Despite a dramatic increase in the number of people riding bicycles for recreation in

48、Parkville, a recent report by the Parkville Department of Transportation shows that the number of accidents involving bicycles has decreased for the third consecutive year. Which of the following, if true during the last three years, best reconciles the apparent discrepancy in the facts above? （ A）

49、The Parkville Department of Recreation confiscated abandoned bicycles and sold them at auction to any interested Parkville residents. （ B） Increased automobile and bus traffic in Parkville has been the leading cause of the most recent increase in automobile accidents. （ C） Because of the local increase in the number of people bicycling for recreation, many out-of-town bicyclists ride in the Parkville area. （ D） The Parkville Police Department enforced traffic rules for bicycle riders much more vigorously and began requiring recreational riders to pass a bicycle safety cour