[外语类试卷]GRE（VERBAL）模拟试卷10及答案与解析.doc

1、GRE（ VERBAL）模拟试卷 10及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a wh

2、ole. 1 Most people choose a lawyer on the basis of such _ considerations as his cost, his field of expertise, and the fees he charges. （ A） idiosyncratic （ B） humanistic （ C） irrelevant （ D） personal （ E） pragmatic 2 In contrast to Goyas various representations of sincere tears, then, are a series o

3、f representations of insincerity and emotional _ . （ A） confusion （ B） machination （ C） probity （ D） fortuitousness （ E） boldness 3 Enlightenment thinkers _ faith in the abilities of mankind to uncover and solve pressing problems of the time, and thus they believe that human beings are _ creatures,

4、capable of employing reason and logic. （ A） readdress. mercurial （ B） posit . duplicitous （ C） maintain. rational （ D） absorb. Jovian （ E） hold. purist 4 They were certain that this problem, like so many other _ problems, did not ever have to be _ , but could be resolved through oblique means. （ A）

5、insoluble. solved （ B） nettlesome. faced （ C） winsome. ignored （ D） troublesome . categorized （ E） fulsome . persuaded 5 Though sometimes _ , all too often technology is seen as a _ for the great economic, social, and political challenges facing the nation as it embarks on the path of modernization.

6、 （ A） expensive. solution （ B） effective . panacea （ C） ignored. salve （ D） relevant . prerequisite （ E） calamitous. fillip 6 Research has proven that unlike their sober _ who slowed down after making a mistake to try to correct their actions, men who imbibe alcohol show no signs of such _ behavior.

7、 （ A） adversaries. laudatory （ B） counterparts . corrective （ C） protagonists . conciliatory （ D） functionaries . proper （ E） contemporaries . edified 7 Maureen radiates an unfailing common sense and good humor, although not a false cheery _ ; she has no illusions about life, and her grace comes fro

8、m her capability to meet it _ . （ A） mirth. flinchingly （ B） naivet. head-on （ C） insensitivity . callously （ D） charm. promptly （ E） ignorance. obscurely SECTION 2 Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phras

9、es. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. 8 ASETIC: SELF-DENIAL ： （ A） pacifist： amicability （ B） reactionary： vehemence （ C） busybody.： intrusiveness （ D） purist： transcendence （ E） bohemian： orthodoxy 9 POSEUR: UNAFFECTED ： （ A）

10、 interlocutor： accessible （ B） teetotaler： abstemious （ C） soprano： pretentious （ D） provincial： cosmopolitan （ E） prig： amenable 10 DILETTANTE: COMMITMENT ： （ A） nonentity： consequence （ B） gourmand： self-restraint （ C） minimalist： elegance （ D） authoritarian： disregard （ E） malingerer： cunning 11

11、DITCH: CANYON ： （ A） geyser： spring （ B） burrow： cavern （ C） peninsula： estuary （ D） archipelago： island （ E） ridge： furrow 12 MAWKISH: SENTIMENTAL ： （ A） noisy： cacophonous （ B） convivial： undemonstrative （ C） acerbic： piquant （ D） abundant： fulsome （ E） cloying： sweet 13 RICKETY: FURNITURE ： （ A）

12、petrified： forest （ B） alloyed： metal （ C） ragged： clothing （ D） speckled： egg （ E） spavined： insect 14 KNEAD: MALLEABLE ： （ A） vent： respiratory （ B） circumscribe： visible （ C） brook： unique （ D） penetrate： permeable （ E） muster： tenacious 15 NEFARIOUS: WICKEDNESS： （ A） sprightly： fastidiousness （

13、B） conspicuous： stealth （ C） foolhardy： heterodoxy （ D） generous： liberality （ E） inflammatory： acidity 16 CORRECTIVE: AMEND： （ A） emollient： ameliorate （ B） tautology： vindicate （ C） paradigm： exemplify （ D） anthology： diversify （ E） appendage： concatenate SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this

14、 group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 17 Behavioral psychologists apprehend that conditioned fear responses to a tone p

15、reviously paired with a shock diminish, if the tone is repeatedly presented without the shock, a process known as extinction. Since Parlor it has been hypothesized that this extinction does not erase conditioning, but forms a new (5) memory. Research has now demonstrated that destruction of the infr

16、alimbic cortice blocks recall of fear extinction, indicating that it might store long-term extinction memory. Infralimbic neurons recorded during fear conditioning and extinction fire to the tone only when rats are recalling extinction on the following day, and rats indicating the least fear respons

17、es also demonstrate the (10) greatest increase in infralimbic tone responses. Conditioned tones paired with brief electrical stimulation of infralimbic cortex elicit low fear responses in rats that have not undergone extinction. Thus, stimulation resembling extinction-induced infralimbic tone respon

18、ses is able to simulate extinction memory. 17 According to the passage, behavioral psychologists studying the extinction process have discerned which of the following? （ A） The exact length of time required for a fear response to become extinct in a human subject （ B） The effect of tone conditioning

19、 in comparison with other forms of stimuli （ C） The possible effects of surgical operations on the infralimbic cortice （ D） The potential of tone conditioning in treating undesirable fear responses （ E） The limits of Pavlovs contribution to modern behavioral psychology 18 It can be inferred that a r

20、at with its infralimbic cortices destroyed would respond which of the following ways to a tone previously conditioned to induce a fear response? . It would demonstrate fear if extinction had occurred the previous day. . It would demonstrate fear if extinction had occurred earlier than the previous d

21、ay. . It would demonstrate fear even if extinction had never occurred at all. （ A） only （ B） only （ C） and only （ D） and only （ E） , , and 19 According to the passage, “infralimbic neurons . fire to the tone only when rats are recalling extinction on the following day“ (lines 7-9) for which of the f

22、ollowing reasons? （ A） Extinction has not been proven to erase the memory of fear conditioning in rats. （ B） The extinction response requires a number of days to develop. （ C） The subjects original fear response was not conditioned to a tone. （ D） The infralimbic cortices carry the memory of fear ex

23、tinction. （ E） Rats that show the least fear demonstrate the greatest increase in infralimbic tone responses. 20 Which of the following most accurately describes the passage? （ A） A description of a replicable experiment （ B） A summary report of new findings （ C） A recommendation for pursuing a new

24、area of research （ D） A refutation of an earlier hypothesis （ E） A confirmation of an earlier research 21 As the political consequences of Nazism and the liberal tone of the postwar world proved inhospitable to Darwinist thinking, so the disintegration of the postwar order, the end of traditional le

25、ftwing politics, a growing social conservatism and disillusionment with the idea of social progress has led to its (5) return. As anthropologist Foley expounded, the history of the twentieth century has transformed our vision of humanity, leading to a loss of confidence in the notion that humans may

26、 be raised on a taxonomical pedestal above the swamp of animal brutishness. In deriding any social explanation of human behavior, and implying that emotions are biologically shaped, hence universal, (10) scientists have come to odds with cultural anthropologists, who ridicule any biological interpre

27、tation of human behavior and view humans in strictly cultural terms. There is convincing evidence that the anthropologists are correct, for even something as fundamental as an emotion is far more than simply an evolutionary (15) trait, given that only some emotions-anger, disgust, sadness, enjoyment

28、 and fear-are known to be universal, while others, such as jealousy and envy, vary in their expression and are arguably not emotions at all. Even emotions known to be universal cannot be regarded as simply “natural“, given that the evocation of a particular emotion is both culturally and historicall

29、y specific. The (20) connotation of anger or sadness and the elicitors of these emotions may vary across cultures and throughout human history. There are also culturally bound “display rules“, often unconscious, which dictate the means or time of displaying emotion. For instance, Japanese and Americ

30、an students are privately shown very similar emotions in response to similar stimuli, but their public (25) expressions are far from identical, a fact that may owe to the Japanese cultural tendency of remaining demure in public expression. Even more contentious is the question of what emotions anima

31、ls possess, of whether they are aware of such emotions, and of the relationship between animal responses and human emotions. The way of responding to these debates (30) depends as much upon ones philosophical inclinations as on the facts: scientists philosophically disposed to minimize the gap betwe

32、en humans and animals are more likely to perceive animals as having emotions, as being aware of them, while those anthropologists who seek an unbridgeable gap between humanity and lower life forms are likely to see appreciable differences between human (35) emotions and animal responses. Thus, the s

33、cientific idea of the human is not simply an objective truth, but shaped by wider issues such as the prevailing ideas of progress, notions of racial difference, and the comprehension of the relationship between Man and Nature. All that may safely be concluded is that what constitutes a human is not

34、only innate, but also nurtured. 21 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with （ A） refuting the notion that emotions are socially constructed （ B） delineating the difference between relative and universal behavior （ C） describing how anthropologists identify emotions in foreign cultures （

35、 D） measuring the extent to which emotions can be equated with evolutionary traits （ E） comparing how emotions are expressed in various cultures 22 According to the passage, which of the following is true concerning the cultural ermination of emotions? （ A） Emotional expression varies between indivi

36、duals to a significantly greater extent than it does between cultures. （ B） Neither anthropologists nor Darwinists have successfully established a scientific method for comparing one emotion with another. （ C） The cause of the emotion may vary from one historical time or geographical place to anothe

37、r. （ D） It is impossible to say whether any given emotion is in fact an emotion, or merely a biological response. （ E） It is difficult to distinguish between culturally-acquired emotions and innate ones determined by biology. 23 The author would most likely agree with which of the following descript

38、ions of the conflict between Darwinists and cultural anthropologists over the nature of animal emotions? （ A） The concept of animal emotions suggests that human emotions are based on instinctual biology. （ B） Cultural relativists dispute the notion that animal emotions are innate and not be learned.

39、 （ C） Darwinists view the events of the twentieth-century as a triumph of animal instinct over rational human behavior. （ D） Darwinists wish to draw a line between emotional behavior and culturally acquired behavior. （ E） Cultural relativists support the idea of an animal behavior dictated by behavi

40、oral rules. 24 Which of the following hypothetical scientific discoveries would best support the cultural relativist view of emotion? （ A） Biological differences are noted in the parts of the brain governing emotional expressions in various races. （ B） Animals are discovered to express fear or excit

41、ement in an emotional manner when threatened. （ C） Japanese students are found to express certain emotions in a manner identical to Chinese students. （ D） African tribesmen are unable to identify the emotional facial expressions on actors in a film with Western characters. （ E） The rules governing t

42、he expression of emotion can be expressed and translated from one language to another. 25 The authors attitude toward the theory of emotion as a purely evolutionary trait can best be described as （ A） unrestrainedly supportive （ B） extremely critical （ C） perfectly neutral （ D） intellectually dishon

43、est （ E） tentatively receptive 26 According to Foley, which of the following aspects of the political and historical events of the late twentieth-century confirm Darwinian theory? （ A） Social conservatism demands that human beings conform to established standards of behavior. （ B） As a movement, Naz

44、ism was doomed to perish by the same evolutionary forces that govern the expression of human emotions. （ C） The events of the twentieth century prove that social and biological thinking are incommensurate with one another. （ D） The disintegration of the postwar order was brought about by faulty rela

45、tivist thinking. （ E） The decline of social progress indicates that social goals are limited by biological forces. 27 The author of the passage describes human emotions as each of the following EXCEPT （ A） relative in their meaning （ B） varying in type （ C） innately acquired （ D） ruled by social mor

46、es （ E） varying in degree SECTION 4 Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the questions require

47、 you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best. 28 ABEYANCE: （ A） discussion （ B） excitement （ C） continuance （ D） certitude （ E） obedience 29 ENDORSE: （ A） resist openly （ B） incite disapproval （ C） execute speedily （ D） acquiesce r

48、eluctantly （ E） obtain money 30 METAMORPHOSIS: （ A） diverse activity （ B） recurring movement （ C） pause from pressure （ D） prolongation without alteration （ E） rigid determination 31 TEETOTALISM: （ A） patriotism （ B） bigotry （ C） overindulgence （ D） tendency （ E） broadmindedness 32 DIVESTITURE: （ A）

49、 sponsor （ B） domination （ C） discussion （ D） endorsement （ E） attainment 33 SPIRITUAL： （ A） corrupt （ B） corporeal （ C） metaphorical （ D） assorted （ E） transient 34 DISPATCH： （ A） dislike （ B） obliviousness （ C） peacefulness （ D） abnormality （ E） unhurriedness 35 EXTANT： （ A） additional （ B） removable （ C） broad （ D） vanished （ E） irrelevant 36 TRACTABILITY： （ A） doubtfulness （ B） impassability （ C） sterility （ D） persistence （ E） uselessness 37 PUNGENCY： （ A） tastelessness （