[外语类试卷]上海交通大学考博英语模拟试卷18及答案与解析.doc

1、上海交通大学考博英语模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Nixon was a man of limited means,and when he won his Senate seat, a group of businessmen had publicly solicited funds to enable him to keep in touch with the voters in his home state. （ A） donated （ B） reserved （ C） enlarged （ D） sought 2 In cont

2、rast to the Beatleswhimsical humor and love songs,The Who played loud music that featured guitar screeches,smashed instruments onstage in their concerts,and performed rock operas. （ A） scornful （ B） unusual （ C） emotional （ D） intense 3 Rifle shooting has become a favorite diversion of city dwellers

3、 nowadays,and groups of people organize weekend target-shooting excursions into the countryside. （ A） bands （ B） clubs （ C） trips （ D） projects 4 In England during the 17th and 18th centuries,English gentlemen were expected to be polite,pious, and compassionate and to devote more time to their count

4、ry homes than to life at court. （ A） sincere （ B） elegant （ C） modest （ D） obedient 5 In 1994 the Clinton Administration threw its diplomatic and military power behind Haitis ousted Presi-dent Jean-Bertrand Aristide and helped return him to power peacefully. （ A） elected （ B） displaced （ C） disguste

5、d （ D） resigned 6 The Seder consists of prescribed foods,each of which symbolizes some aspect of the ordeal under-gone by the Hebrews during their enslavement in Egypt. （ A） hardship （ B） nutrition （ C） conviction （ D） subsistence 7 Local building codes were originally introduced to provide protecti

6、on against shoddy workmanship. （ A） insecure （ B） internal （ C） inferior （ D） incredible 8 On May 1,1960,an American U-2 reconnaissance plane was shot down inside the Soviet Union. Khrushchev, thoroughly incensed,called for a United States apology. （ A） shocked （ B） disappointed （ C） disgraced （ D）

7、angered 9 SDS members believed that serious problems plagued the country,such as economic inequality,the nuclear arms race,racism,and widespread political apathy. （ A） incapability （ B） instability （ C） indifference （ D） inconsistency 10 The verses of al-Maarri,the blind Syrian poet,taunted the priv

8、ileged classes of his day and expressed a strong contempt for hypocrisy,injustice,and superstition. （ A） condemned （ B） ridiculed （ C） depicted （ D） irritated 11 If the national pastime could be integrated,it seemed only a matter of time before the nations schools,playgrounds,buses,and restaurants c

9、ould also be integrated. （ A） recreation （ B） discipline （ C） tuition （ D） regulation 12 Apparently first described in 1964,transient global amnesia consists of a(n)abrupt loss of memory lasting from a few seconds to a few hours,without loss of consciousness or other evidence of impairment. （ A） abu

10、ndant （ B） scarce （ C） sudden （ D） abnormal 13 Vast herds of large game animals once roamed the plains of what is now the state of Kansas. （ A） wandered （ B） inhabited （ C） grazed （ D） populated 14 On the journey to the lake I began to wonder how time had marred this unique,this holy spot the coves

11、and streams,the hills,the camps and paths behind the camps. （ A） facilitated （ B） adored （ C） battered （ D） disfigured 15 They also want the polices use of force kept in check,especially in poor neighborhoods where everyone is apt to be treated like a suspect. （ A） in reserve （ B） under observation

12、 C） under control （ D） within limits 16 As to the precise value of this scientific knowledge.it depends to a great extent on how it has been acquired and on who has been imparting it. （ A） pursuing （ B） instructing （ C） summarizing （ D） accumulating 17 In the United States,the provisions of the con

13、stitution of any state may not conflict with those of the Federal Constitution. （ A） stipulations （ B） interrelation （ C） jurisdictions （ D） interpretations 18 Enraged by being taxed without being given representation,New Englanders tipped tea into Boston harbor. （ A） Disappointed （ B） Alienated （ C

14、 Infuriated （ D） Endangered 19 Because the details of the project were rather hazy,we decided to reject the proposal. （ A） dubious （ B） unobtainable （ C） lucrative （ D） ambiguous 20 “I never imagined,“he chuckled,“that I would some day struggle so mightily,and so futilely.to explain music to a robo

15、t“. （ A） uselessly （ B） effectively （ C） sufficiently （ D） successfully 21 Rope possesses the attributes of flexibility and,per unit of weight,uncommonly great strength. （ A） integrities （ B） conveniences （ C） characteristics （ D） advantages 22 The general material DNA contains coded information for

16、 the synthesis of proteins. （ A） analysis （ B） formation （ C） absorption （ D） functioning 23 The police failed in their attempt to break up the wild demonstrators that roared along the street. （ A） disperse （ B） intervene （ C） discipline （ D） detach 24 The situation on the reservation is aggravated

17、by the big generation gap in many Indiansfamilies. （ A） pervaded （ B） frustrated （ C） worsened （ D） crumbled 25 Lebanon is one of the few countries in the Middle East with a comparatively well-developed labor movement. Trade unions have secured some tangible gains,such as fringe benefits and better

18、working conditions. （ A） concrete （ B） trivial （ C） momentous （ D） crucial 26 Western scholars generally recognize two main kinds of riddle:the descriptive riddle and the witty question. （ A） shrewd （ B） absurd （ C） controversial （ D） exhilarating 27 The nocturnal habits and mournful cries of owls h

19、ave made them objects of superstition for some people. （ A） peculiar （ B） obscure （ C） frightful （ D） sorrowful 28 The Minnesota Senate approved a measure that would have established the nations first constitutional fight to hunt and fish,but the House failed to endorse it before adjourning. （ A） co

20、nfess （ B） perceive （ C） sanction （ D） reckon 29 Most trappers worked alone and emerged from the wilderness only for the annual rendezvous,where they haggled and argued until they sold their furs to the highest bidder. （ A） exposition （ B） gathering （ C） festival （ D） market-place 30 Defenses can al

21、so gain possession of the ball by intercepting a pass or by stealing the ball from the dribbler. （ A） blocking （ B） evading （ C） striving （ D） initiating 31 Although the Arab cutbacks represented a loss of less than 7 percent in world supply,they created panic on the part of oil companies,consumers,

22、oil traders,and some governments. （ A） fright （ B） deficit （ C） strain （ D） misfortune 32 Optimism is contagious,and one good way to develop a winners attitude is to work for someone who has it. （ A） inherent （ B） beneficial （ C） infectious （ D） essential 33 Some cells,such as epithelia,proliferate

23、more rapidly when the body is asleep than when it is awake. （ A） cluster （ B） multiply （ C） convert （ D） subsist 34 To his supportersdismay, Mr. White became rather haughty after he won the election. （ A） sarcastic （ B） brutal （ C） stern （ D） arrogant 35 A group of American colonists calling themsel

24、ves the Sons of Liberty sprang up in protest against the Stamp Act of 1765. （ A） announced （ B） emerged （ C） demonstrated （ D） departed 36 Those who have never suffered impairment of sight and hearing seldom make the fullest use of their blessed faculties. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and

25、sounds hazily. （ A） lazily （ B） indifferently （ C） obscurely （ D） hastily 37 When the will and conscience of the international community is defied,we will act with peaceful diplomacy whenever possible,with force when necessary. （ A） despised （ B） encroached （ C） assaulted （ D） deplored 38 Culture sh

26、ock explains much of the bewilderment, frustration, and disorientation that plagues people in their dealings with other societies. （ A） perplexity （ B） imposition （ C） hazard （ D） upheaval 39 One of the most common techniques is to add alloying elements that inhibit the corrosion. （ A） repulse （ B）

27、retain （ C） relieve （ D） restrain 40 The young man was greatly taken aback by the news that the police intended to prosecute him. （ A） astonished （ B） disturbed （ C） stumbled （ D） baffled 二、 Cloze 40 When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible【 C1】 _of action open to him: he can give

28、the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea【 C2】_, or patent it. A【 C3】 _patent is the result of a bargain【 C4】 _between an inventor and the state, but the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period【 C5】 _ Onl

29、y in the most exceptional circumstances【 C6】 _the lifespan of a patent【 C7】 _to alter this normal process of events. The longest extension ever【 C8】 _was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent s normal life there was n

30、o color TV to【 C9】 _and thus no hope for reward for the invention. Because a patent remains permanently【 C10】 _after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the【 C11】 _office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if【 C12】 _than half a c

31、entury, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone【 C13】 _to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through【 C14】 _patents that the one sure way of violation of rely other inventors right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any ot

32、her form【 C15】 _invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally【 C16】 _to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is【 C17】 _on these presumptions of legal security. Anyone closely【 C18】 _in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new“ ideas are, in

33、 fact, as old as the hills. It is theft reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology,【 C19】_makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind te

34、levision originate【 C20】_the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear. 41 【 C1】 （ A） work （ B） possibility （ C） measures （ D） courses 42 【 C2】 （ A） open （ B） covered （ C） secret （ D） improved 43 【 C3】

35、 （ A） granted （ B） granting （ C） inventing （ D） invented 44 【 C4】 （ A） striking （ B） struck （ C） to be striking （ D） to strike 45 【 C5】 （ A） terminating （ B） continuing （ C） continues （ D） terminates 46 【 C6】 （ A） are （ B） to be （ C） be （ D） is 47 【 C7】 （ A） extending （ B） will extend （ C） extended

36、 D） to be extended 48 【 C8】 （ A） granted （ B） granting （ C） to grant （ D） being granted 49 【 C9】 （ A） receiving （ B） sending （ C） receive （ D） send 50 【 C10】 （ A） public （ B） secret （ C） close （ D） concealed 51 【 C11】 （ A） customer （ B） commerce （ C） patent （ D） television 52 【 C12】 （ A） longer （ B

37、 older （ C） weaker （ D） younger 53 【 C13】 （ A） wished （ B） refusing （ C） refused （ D） wishing 54 【 C14】 （ A） live （ B） dead （ C） working （ D） recording 55 【 C15】 （ A） temporarily （ B） suddenly （ C） permanently （ D） sharply 56 【 C16】 （ A） dangerous （ B） undesirable （ C） safe （ D） terrible 57 【 C17】

38、 A） constructed （ B） sent （ C） anticipated （ D） based 58 【 C18】 （ A） involving （ B） involved （ C） contained （ D） containing 59 【 C19】 （ A） which （ B） when （ C） that （ D） where 60 【 C20】 （ A） with （ B） off （ C） before （ D） from 三、 Reading Comprehension 60 An invisible border divides those arguing fo

39、r computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction-indeed.contradiction-which goes to the heart of what is wrong wit

40、h the campaign to put computers in the classroom. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education,justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyones job prospects that all childre

41、n are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather,we have a certain conception of the American citizen,a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it

42、was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age. It was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries,we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer

43、education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools,computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over th

44、eir educational achievement. There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is,howeve

45、r,presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists,so many businessmen,so many accountants. Besides,this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and invo

46、lves so many international corporations. But,for a small group of students,professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills,all other factors being equal,can be the difference between having a job and not of course,the basics of using any computer these days are very simple.

47、It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer,that is,of course,an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take-at the very longest-a couple of months to learn. In any case,basic computer skills are only complementa

48、ry to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed,of course,that no school,vocational or not,is helped by a confusion over its purpose. 61 The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is_. （ A） far-reaching （ B） dubio

49、usly oriented （ C） self-contradictory （ D） radically reformatory 62 The belief that education is indispensable to all children_. （ A） is indicative of a pessimism in disguise （ B） came into being along with the arrival of computers （ C） is deeply rooted in the minds of computer-education advocates （ D） originated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized countries 63 It could be inferred from the passage that in the authors country the European model of professio