1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 424及答案与解析 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 1 _is the founder of Transformational-Generative Grammar. ( A) Noam Chomsky ( B) Halliday ( C) Saussure ( D) Brown 2 The structura
2、l approach to the analysis of language was started by the Swiss linguist _ in the beginning of the twentieth century. ( A) Chomsky ( B) Halliday ( C) Saussure ( D) Fillmore 3 A representative of the Contextualism was_, the leading British linguist of the period. He held the view that “We shall know
3、a word by the company it keeps“. ( A) Ogden and Richards ( B) J. R. Firth ( C) Bloomfield ( D) Leech 4 Bloomfield further strengthened the contextualist view and drew on _ when trying to define the meaning of linguistic forms. ( A) sociology ( B) behaviorist psychology ( C) anthropology ( D) physiol
4、ogy 5 _ means that it is impossible for children to acquire some particular language knowledge resulting from the contact of language data in the process of their L1I acquisition. ( A) Language Faculty ( B) language Acquisition Device ( C) Universal grammar ( D) Argument of poverty stimulus 6 The di
5、alect that is caused by social status is ( A) regional dialect. ( B) diglossia. ( C) idiolect. ( D) sociolect. 7 Which of the followings does NOT belong to dialectal varieties? ( A) Diglossia. ( B) Regional dialect. ( C) Idiolect. ( D) Sociolect. 8 Which of the following statements is NOT the concer
6、n of sociolinguists? ( A) How the human mind works when people use language. ( B) There exist social norms that determine the type of language to be used on a certain occasion. ( C) The language a person uses reveals his social background. ( D) To investigate the social aspects of language. 9 Standa
7、rd dialect is ( A) a dialect a child acquires naturally like his regional dialect. ( B) designated as the official or national language of a country. ( C) used by people who speak different languages for restricted purpose. ( D) used by people who belong to higher social status. 10 The word “languag
8、e“ is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a persons language. This is called ( A) scientific language. ( B) idiolect. ( C) colloquial language. ( D) formal language. 11 The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of situation is called ( A) register. ( B) dialect.
9、( C) slang. ( D) variety. 12 The definition “the act of using, or promoting the use of, several languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers“ refers to ( A) Pidgin. ( B) Creole. ( C) Multilingualism. ( D) Bilingualism. 13 A special language variety that mixes languages an
10、d is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called ( A) dialect. ( B) idiolect. ( C) pidgin. ( D) register. 14 The meaning that can be found in the dictionary is the_meaning of a word. ( A) connotative ( B) cultural ( C) iconic ( D) denotative 15 Sapir-Whort hypothesis is
11、 also known as linguistic ( A) reliability. ( B) relativity. ( C) reversibility. ( D) reachability. 16 In English, “green“ in the phrase “green eyes“ is associated with ( A) unhappy feelings. ( B) high social positions. ( C) envy or jealousy. ( D) negative qualities. 17 Which of the following about
12、the relationship between language and culture is NOT true? ( A) Language is an indispensable carrier of culture. ( B) Culture finds a better representation through language use. ( C) The relationship is analogous to that of structures and processes. ( D) The relationship of language to culture is th
13、at of part to whole. 18 The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is about ( A) second language acquisition. ( B) language and translation. ( C) grammatical structure. ( D) language and thought. 19 France has made special efforts to protect its language from being corrupted by other languages, especially American
14、English. This is a kind of ( A) linguistic imperialism. ( B) linguistic nationalism. ( C) cultural imperialism. ( D) cultural diffusion. 20 Which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is NOT true? ( A) Nonverbal communication and culture are similar in that both are learned, both
15、 are passed on from generation to generation, and both involve shared understandings. ( B) Studying nonverbal behavior can lead to the discovery of a cultures underlying attitudes and values. ( C) Nonverbal actions always occur in isolation. ( D) Nonverbal communication has five basic functions; to
16、repeat, to complement, to substitute for a verbal action, to regulate, and to contradict a communication event. 21 Which statement is NOT right in describing the behaviorists view? ( A) Behaviorists offer a reasonable account of how children acquire some of the regular and routine aspects of the lan
17、guage. ( B) Behaviorists accounts are convincing especially when it is used to explain childrens complex acquiring system. ( C) Behaviorists hold that children learn the language gradually in much the same way as habit forming. ( D) Behaviorists, view stresses imitation, stimulation and reinforcemen
18、t. 22 According to Chomsky, the Universal Grammar is ( A) gained specifically for each language. ( B) acquired through the interaction with the environment. ( C) got through imitation and practice. ( D) pre-equipped in childrens brains. 23 Around the age of two, children begin to produce two-word ut
19、terances such as “No bed“ , which of the following statements about this is NOT true? ( A) There are not function elements in the speech. ( B) There are content words in the speech. ( C) This kind of speech is called caretaker talk. ( D) This kind of speech is called telegraphic speech. 24 The child
20、ren know the taboo words, the polite forms of address during ( A) Pragmatic Development. ( B) Atypical Development. ( C) Grammatical Development. ( D) Vocabulary Development. 25 The child may get confused at hearing the color of white used for paper when he/she first thought it as the word for snow.
21、 This is an example for ( A) mental retardation. ( B) over-extention. ( C) hearing impairment. ( D) under-extension. 26 The common errors such as “ he/she has/have to touch the society“ in Chinese English learners belong to ( A) fossilization. ( B) permeability. ( C) systematocity. ( D) substitution
22、. 27 In the following statements about motivation, which one is NOT true? ( A) It is defined as the learners attitudes and affective state or learning drive. ( B) It has a strong impact on a learners efforts in learning a second language. ( C) It plays an important role in learners use of learning s
23、trategies. ( D) It occurs only when learners learn a second language for external purpose. 28 Some Chinese learners of English tend to pronounce “three“ as “tree“ and “this“ as “dis“. This is caused by ( A) interlingual interference. ( B) intralingual interference. ( C) cognitive factors. ( D) seman
24、tic change. 29 Generally four types of motivation have been identified in the second language learning. “ Learners learn a second language for external purpose“ is called ( A) instrumental motivation. ( B) integrative motivation. ( C) resultative motivation. ( D) intrinsic motivation. 30 Among vario
25、us divisions of learning strategies, those by Chamot ( 1986) and Oxford ( 1990) are widely accepted. “The techniques in planning monitoring and evaluating ones learning“ is called ( A) affective. ( B) social. ( C) metacognitive. ( D) cognitive. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 424答案与解析 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 M
26、IN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 Transformational-Generative Grammar(转换生成语法 )是由 Noam Chomsky(乔姆斯基 )创立的。 Halliday提出了系统功能语法; Saussure提出了语言和言语; Brown侧重的是话语分析。 【知识模块】 现代语言学理论与流派 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 用结构方法来分析语
27、言是由 20世纪初瑞士的语言学家 Fillmore(菲尔莫 )开创的。 【知识模块】 现代语言学理论与流派 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 语境理论的代表人物是 J R Firth(弗斯 )。 Ogden and Richards提出语义三角理论; Bloomfield是行为主义的代表; Leech(利奇 )区分了 7种意义。 【知识模块】 现代语言学理论与流派 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 Bloomfield(布龙菲尔德 )进一步强化了语境主义的观点,并在定义语言形式时运用了 behaviorist psychology(行为心理学 )的观点。 A社会学; C人类学; D生理学。
28、 【知识模块】 现代语言学理论与流派 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 乔姆斯基认为语言是某种天赋,儿童天生就具有学习一种语言的能力,叫做 “语言习得机制 ”(language Acquisition Device)。 【知识模块】 现代语言学理论与流派 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 由于社会阶层不同而产生的方言属于社会方言。 【知识模块】 语言与社会 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 属于语言变体的有社会方言、地域方言和个人方言,除此之外,年龄、性别和种族的不同都会对语言变体产生影响。但是双言现象不属于此。 【知识模块】 语言与社会 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 研究人类在使
29、用语言时大脑如何工作并不属于 社会语言学的范畴。正如其他三项所示,社会语言学研究的是各种社会现象和社会因素在语言中的反映。 【知识模块】 语言与社会 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 标准语通常被用作政府所提倡的全国性的标准语言。它往往是建立在某一地区 (通常是该国的政治或经济中心 )的方言基础之上;并不是全国儿童从起初就像地域方言那样自然地习得。 【知识模块】 语言与社会 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 用来表示一个人所习惯运用的语言的是个人方言,它受个人因素如性别、年龄、教育程度等多方面的共同影响 而形成。 【知识模块】 语言与社会 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 regis
30、ter(语域 ),是指人们在某一特定场合进行交流时,需要使用一定的词汇、语调、句法结构等,这种语言变体称为 register。 dialect(方言 ),指地区性语言; slang(俚语 ),是一种非正式的语言,通常用在非正式的场合;variety(语言变体 ),其定义为 “A specific set of linguistic items”,因此其范围非常广,可以指某一语言、方言等。根据以上定义,可以选出答案为 A。 【知识模块】 语言与社会 12 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 Pidgin(洋泾浜语皮钦语 )是指由于某种特定原因,由原本讲不同语言的人们为交流的目的而创造的变体,没有本族
31、语者; Creole(克里奥耳语 /混合语 )与 Pidgin的区别在于 Creole有自己的本族语者; Muhilingualism,顾名思义,指能够使用多种语言进行交流; Bilingualism指能用两种语言进行交流。 【知识模块】 语言与社会 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 pidgin(洋泾浜语皮钦语 )是由于某些特殊原因 (如商业交流 ),由原本讲不同语言的人们为直接的交流目的而产生的特殊语言混合体。 dialect是方言; idiolect是个人方言; register是语域。 【知识模块】 语言与社会 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 指示意义指的是字典中的意思。 【
32、知识模块】 语言与文化 15 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 不同的语言给人类以不同的方式表达他们的思想,有着不同语言背景的人的思考和讲话方式都是不一样的。这被称为语言的相对性,即: Sapir一Whorf假说。 【知识模块】 语言与文化 16 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 不同的颜色在不同的语言中有不同的意义。 green eyes相当于green with envy。 【知识模块】 语言与文化 17 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 语言是文化的载体。文化通过语言的使用得以呈现。文化的范围要比语言的范围大。 【知识模块】 语言与文化 18 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 Sapir-Who
33、rf假说是关于语言同思维方式的假说。 【知识模块】 语言与文化 19 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 法国竭力保护自己的语言免受其他语言,尤其是美式英语的影响。这属于语言中的民族主义。 【知识模块】 语言与文化 20 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 非语言的交流不是孤立出现的。 【知识模块】 语言与文化 21 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 行为主义观点强调重复、操练和强化等形式,其一大弱势便是无法解释儿童学习语言过程中对于较为复杂结构的习得。 【知识模块】 第一语言习得 22 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 以乔姆斯基 为代表的语法天生主义者认为人的大脑中有一种与生俱来的语言学习生理机构。其
34、所包含的规则是普遍适用于所有人类语言的。 【知识模块】 第一语言习得 23 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 2岁左右的孩子开始发出两个单词的实词句子。这又叫 telegraphic speech。而 caretaker talk指的是大人对孩子所说的经过了简化调整的话。 【知识模块】 第一语言习得 24 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 儿童对于禁忌语、礼貌语的使用以及在不同场合下使用得体的语言开始于 3、 4岁左 右,属于语用学发展阶段中的问题。 【知识模块】 第一语言习得 25 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 该例中,儿童起初认为白色只是用来描述雪的颜色,而在听到白色又被用来描述纸的颜色时会
35、感到闲惑,这是典型的扩展不足。 【知识模块】 第一语言习得 26 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 这类错误是石化现象的典型代表。 【知识模块】 第二语言习得 27 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 动机被认为是对某种活动的明确的目的性以及为达到该目的而做出的一定的努力。在学习第二语言 的过程中,动机发挥着不可低估的作用。不管出于何种目的学习第二语言都有动机,只不过动机有所不同而已。 【知识模块】 第二语言习得 28 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 将以上读音读错是受到母语的影响,因为在汉语的普通话中没有与和 6类似的发音。 【知识模块】 第二语言习得 29 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 四种学习第二语言的动机当中,为了外在目的而学习的被称为结果型动机;为了诸如通过考试、获得奖学金等目的而学习的被认为是工具型动机;对目的语社团感兴趣,期望参与或融入 该社团的社会生活,此类目的被认为是综合型动机;为了满足自我的第二语言学习兴趣的动机被称为内在动机。 【知识模块】 第二语言习得 30 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 学习者对自己学习过程或学习策略进行有意识的监控和评价,称为“元认知 ”(metacognilive)。 【知识模块】 第二语言习得
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