[外语类试卷]专业英语八级模拟试卷833及答案与解析.doc

1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 833及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you

2、 fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 English Essay As the beginning of a series of lectures on essay writing, I will discuss with you about how to write a good English

3、 essay. I . Problems of writing essays A. reason inability to meet essay【 T1】 _【 T1】 _ B. result spend countless hours, and receive a【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ C. solutions get on the【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ be exposed to essay【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ II.【 T5】 _of a good essay【 T5】 _ A.【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ title -【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ body sec

4、tion -【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ B. topic students feel【 T9】 _about【 T9】 _ readers find【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ III. Importance of writing essays A. as an【 T11】 _of students【 T11】 _ through English essay writing through English essay in the【 T12】 _semester of studying【 T12】 _ B. as a【 T13】 _on the worth of a writer【 T1

5、3】 _ C. useful to make【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ with respect to work or【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be di

6、vided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the b

7、est answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） He is one of same-sex couples. （ B） He lives in the District of Columbia. （ C） He worked as a field writer at the Press. （ D） He reports on social issues and policies. （ A） The speed with which Ch

8、ris dropped his opposition. （ B） The possibility that Chris would lose effort on his part. （ C） The fact that New Jersey will have same-sex marriage. （ D） The decision that Chris would drop his opposition. （ A） They will never be resolved. （ B） They will not all be easily resolved. （ C） They will be

9、 resolved next year. （ D） They will last for more than one year. （ A） Illinois. （ B） New Mexico. （ C） New Jersey. （ D） Oregon. （ A） 33 counties have same-sex marriage licenses. （ B） It is a fascinating state with no laws. （ C） It is a gray area on the map of the USA. （ D） It has no interference with

10、 same-sex marriage. （ A） Speed up the process all over the state. （ B） Expand the area of the USA. （ C） Disturb articles of law in the USA. （ D） Stress the importance of marriage laws. （ A） It has expanded across the country. （ B） Arkansas just filed today. （ C） Tennessee has a lawsuit. （ D） Virgini

11、a has two rival lawsuits. （ A） It has got many gay couples. （ B） It has a small population. （ C） It is against gay marriage. （ D） It is the largest state in the USA. （ A） To have a uniform marriage law for the divided country. （ B） To make interracial marriage legal throughout the country. （ C） To f

12、orce all the states admit same-sex marriage. （ D） To speed up the process of seeking marriage rights. （ A） Companies have too many branch offices all over the country. （ B） Two marriage laws are confusing to the citizens of the USA. （ C） The mobility of people makes it difficult to obey the laws. （

13、D） Gay marriage is not normal in such a large country. SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you thi

14、nk is the best answer. 25 There is a never-ending supply of business gurus(专家 )telling us how we can, and must, do more. Sheryl Sandberg urges women to “Lean In“ if they want to get ahead. John Bernard offers breathless advice on conducting “Business at the Speed of Now“. And in case you thought you

15、 might be able to grab a few moments to yourself, Keith Ferrazzi warns that you must “Never Eat Alone“. Yet the biggest problem in the business world is not too little but too much too many distractions and interruptions, too many things done for the sake of form, and altogether too much busyness. T

16、he Dutch seem to believe that an excess of meetings is the biggest consumer of time: they talk of vergaderziekte, “ meeting sickness“. However, a study last year by the McKinsey Global Institute suggests that it is e-mails: It found that highly skilled office workers spend more than a quarter of eac

17、h working day writing and responding to them. Which of these annoying factors of modern business life is worse remains open to debate. But what is clear is that office workers are on a treadmill(跑步机 )of pointless activity. Managers allow meetings to drag on for hours. Workers generate e-mails becaus

18、e it requires little effort and no thought. An entire management industry exists to spin the treadmill ever faster. All this “leaning in“ is producing an epidemic of overwork, particularly in the United States. Americans now toil for eight-and-a-half hours a week more than they did in 1979. A survey

19、 last year by the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that almost a third of working adults get six hours or less of sleep a night. Another survey last year by Good Technology, a provider of secure mobile systems for businesses, found that more than 80% of respondents continue to wo

20、rk after leaving the office, 69% cannot go to bed without checking their inbox and 38% routinely check their work e-mails at the dinner table. This activity is making it harder to focus on real work as opposed to make-work. Teresa Amabile of Harvard Business School, who has been conducting a huge st

21、udy of work and creativity, reports that workers are generally more creative on low-pressure days than on high-pressure days when they are confronted with a flurry(一阵忙乱 )of unpredictable demands. In 2012 Gloria Mark of the University of California, Irvine, and two colleagues deprived 13 people in th

22、e IT business of e-mail for five days and studied them intensively. They found that people without it concentrated on tasks for longer and experienced less stress. It is high time that we tried a different strategy not “ leaning in“ but “ leaning back“. There is a distinguished history of leadership

23、 thinking in the lean-back tradition. Lord Melbourne, Queen Victorias favourite prime minister, extolled the virtues of “masterful inactivity“. Herbert Asquith embraced a policy of “wait and see“ when he had the job. Ronald Reagan also believed in not overdoing things: “Its true hard work never kill

24、ed anybody,“ he said, “but I figure, why take the chance?“. This tradition has been buried in a morass(困境 )of meetings and messages. We need to revive it before we schedule ourselves to death. The most obvious beneficiaries of leaning back would be creative workers the very people who are supposed t

25、o be at the heart of the modern economy. In the early 1990s, Mihaly Csikszentmihaly, a psychologist, asked 275 creative types if he could interview them for a book he was writing. A third did not bother to reply at all and another third refused to take part. Peter Drucker, a management guru, summed

26、up the mood of the refuseniks: “ One of the secrets of productivity is to have a very big waste-paper basket to take care of all invitations such as yours. “ Creative peoples most important resource is their time particularly big chunks of uninterrupted time and their biggest enemies are those who t

27、ry to nibble away at it with e-mails or meetings. Indeed, creative people may be at their most productive when, to the managers untutored eye, they appear to be doing nothing. Managers themselves could benefit. Those at the top are best employed thinking about strategy rather than operations about w

28、hether the company is doing the right thing rather than whether it is sticking to its plans. When he was boss of General Electric, Jack Welch used to spend an hour a day in what he called “ looking out of the window time“. When he was in charge of Microsoft, Bill Gates used to take two “think weeks“

29、 a year when he would lock himself in an isolated cottage. Jim Collins, of “Good to Great“ fame, advises all bosses to keep a “stop doing list“. Is there a meeting you can cancel? Or a dinner you can avoid? 26 According to the author, which of the following statements is TRUE about the modern busine

30、ss life? （ A） The problem of e-mails is worse than meetings for the employees. （ B） Workers usually schedule pointless activities on a treadmill. （ C） Employees are very busy due to inefficient management. （ D） Workers write and respond to e-mails to speed up their work. 27 The author mentions Csiks

31、zentmihalys survey to show that_. （ A） creative workers are most productive when they are doing nothing （ B） creative workers consider e-mails and meetings as their enemies （ C） creative workers dont like to take part in interviews （ D） creative workers dont like to be distracted from work 28 Which

32、of the following is the best title for the passage? （ A） In Praise of Laziness （ B） Pointless Activities Lead to Overwork （ C） Lean In to Get Ahead （ D） Relax and Do Nothing 28 Ursula Von Der Leyen, Germanys labour minister, likes to point out that the two European Union countries with the lowest un

33、employment, especially among the young, have dual-education systems: Austria and Germany. Like Switzerland, they have a tradition of combining apprenticeships with formal schooling for the young “so that education is always tied to demand,“ she says. When youths graduate, they often have jobs to wal

34、k into. With youth unemployment in Germany and Austria below 8% against 56% in Spain and 38% in Italy, Mrs. Von Der Leyen has won Europes attention. Germany recently signed memoranda with Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Slovakia and Spain to help set up vocational-education systems. Mrs. Von Der Le

35、yen discussed the topic in visits to Madrid in May and to Paris this week. There is even talk of a “new deal“ for Europe, including bringing youths from crisis-hit countries to work in Germany and making more loans. Germany is best known in euro-zone countries for its macroeconomic prescriptions of

36、austerity and structural reform. So it helps politically that it should now be seen assisting people in those countries into jobs. But does its dual-education system deserve so much credit, and should other countries adopt it? Although based on older traditions, it formally dates from 1969. Youths n

37、ot interested in, or qualified for, university sign up for a programme in which they work three or four days a week for a firm that pays them and teaches relevant skills. The rest of the time they spend in school, completing mostly specialised courses. Chambers of commerce and industry associations

38、make sure that the work and the teaching are matched. After three years or so, trainees are certified and, if they make a good impression, may stay as full-time workers. About two in three young Germans go through this system and into about 350 careers. Some end up in blue-collar jobs, others in sal

39、es and marketing, shipping and agriculture, or pharmacology(药物学 )and accounting. The practical nature of the education is an advantage, as is the mutual screening between potential employers and employees during training. Yet the system existed in the 1990s, when Germany was the “ sick man of Europe

40、“ and had high unemployment. German success today surely owes more to its labour-market and welfare reforms of a decade ago and to unions wage restraint. In an ageing and shrinking population, demography also helps, as fewer German graduates choose among more open jobs. Ludger Wossmann, an economist

41、 at the Ifo Institute in Munich, suggests that vocational education can have bad side effects. In his research, countries that combined school and work-based education(Germany, Austria, Denmark and Switzerland)did much better at getting young people into jobs. But early training can turn into a disa

42、dvantage by the age of 50. It appears that skills learnt in vocational training “become obsolete at a faster rate. “ Low youth unemployment today may thus come at the cost of higher old-age unemployment tomorrow. Admittedly, that trade-off may seem abstract in such hard-hit countries as Greece, Port

43、ugal and Spain. “If the alternative to vocational education is no education and no job, “ says Mr. Wossmann, “ a dual system should be tried. “ That said, traditions of cooperation among state, unions, employers and schools took generations to evolve in Germanic countries. A new deal on such a basis

44、 cannot be a quick fix. 29 German government will help other European countries by_. （ A） setting up more universities （ B） providing more jobs in Europe （ C） lending more money to them （ D） signing memorandum with them 30 Which of the following is TRUE about the dual-education system in Germany? （

45、A） Students serve as apprentices in firms before formal schooling. （ B） Students taking dual-education can get two certificates. （ C） Students qualified for university can sign up the programme. （ D） Students are examined by employers during the training. 31 All the following countries may adopt dua

46、l-education in the future EXCEPT_. （ A） Portugal （ B） Denmark （ C） Greece （ D） Slovakia 32 The writers attitude towards Germanys cooperation in education with other European Countries is_. （ A） appreciative （ B） critical （ C） reserved （ D） ambiguous 32 Freezing cold, exhausted, soaked through, with

47、massive waves crashing down on me, I was struggling to right my capsized catamaran. Using all my strength to heave the water-laden sail upright, I glimpsed something orange moving towards me through the frothing surf. It was the RNLI lifeboat, coming to rescue me. I had been teaching myself to sail

48、a catamaran ever since a motorbike accident 10 years ago stopped me surfing. I had set myself the goal of sailing the Cribbar a wave off Newquay in Cornwall that can reach 30ft in height, earning it the nickname the Widow Maker. It occurs just once or twice a year, and is usually tackled by only the

49、 bravest and most skilled surfers, but I decided that I could ride it on my catamaran, Mischief. I would be the first person to do so. I began by practising on Newquays normal waves. It was a steep learning curve I had a few sailing lessons but mostly picked it up as I went along. Its incredibly hard tackling waves travelling at 40mph, often in dre