1、专业英语八级英译汉(小品文类)强化练习试卷 2及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoug
2、hts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products for nothing in literature can long survive but what
3、 is really good. Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours,
4、and we feel as if we were, in a measure, actors with them in the scenes which they describe. 2 Strange is our situation here upon earth. Each of us comes for a short visit, not knowing why, yet sometimes seeming to divine a purpose. From the standpoint of daily life, however, there is one thing we d
5、o know; that man is here for the sake of other menabove all for those upon whose smile and well-being our own happiness depends, and also for the countless unknown souls with whose fate we are connected by a bond of sympathy. Many times a day I realize how much my own outer and inner life is built u
6、pon the labors of my fellow men, both living and dead, and how earnestly I must exert myself in order to give in return as much as I have received. My peace of mind is often troubled by the depressing sense that I have borrowed too heavily from the work of other men. To ponder interminably over the
7、reason for ones own existence or the meaning of life in general seems to me, from an objective point of view, to be sheer folly. And yet everyone holds certain ideals by which he guides his aspiration and his judgmentthe ideals which have always shone before me and filled me with the joy of living a
8、re goodness, beauty and truth. To make a goal of comfort and happiness has never appealed to me; a system of ethics built on this basis would be sufficient only for a herd of cattle. 3 No young man starting life could have better capital than plenty of friends. They will strengthen his credit, suppo
9、rt him in every great effort, and make him what, unaided, he could never be. Friends of the right sort will help him more to be happy and successfulthan much money or great learning. Friendship is no one-sided affair. There can be no friendship without reciprocity. One cannot receive all and give no
10、thing, or give all and receive nothing, and expect to experience the joy and fullness of true companionship. Those who would make friends must cultivate the qualities which are admired and which attract. If you are mean, stingy and selfish, nobody will admire you. You must cultivate generosity and l
11、arge-heartedness; you must be magnanimous and tolerant; you must have positive qualities, for a negative, shrinking, apologizing, roundabout man is despised. You must believe in yourself. If you do not, others will not believe in you. You must look upward and be hopeful, cheery and optimistic. No on
12、e will be attracted to a gloomy pessimist. 4 What is the true definition of a gentleman? This question is not easy to answer completely, but we will try. First of all, a gentleman is not necessarily a man of wealth, or one who wears fine clothes. It is no question of outer circumstances or appearanc
13、e; it is the inner nature that distinguishes the gentleman. There are men in the humblest walks of life who are natures gentlemen. Without going into complicate analysis, however, we will try to give a general definition. The truest gentleman is the one who in his treatment of others comes nearest t
14、o exemplifying the “Golden Rule. “ This practically includes all, for upon this rule, all rules of conduct and rules of etiquette, however worldly, are based. Some common conceptions of a gentleman are these; a gentleman is always considerate of the feelings of others; he has tacthe knows how to say
15、 and to do the right thing at the right time. He is a gentle man that is to say he is quiet and refined in manner and speech; he does not unduly assert himself. True strength is not loud and boisterous, but quiet and subdued. The manner of a gentleman is characterized by that essence of good manners
16、repose. 专业英语八级英译汉(小品文类)强化练习试卷 2答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 书籍具有不朽的灵魂。它们是人类迄今为止创造的最为经久不衰的成果。庙宇会坍塌,神像会腐朽,但书籍却留存于世。时间无损于伟大的思想,现今这些思想与多年前首次在作者脑海中闪现时一样清新如故。刊于书页的昔日言论和思想,如今依然生动鲜活地与我们对话。时间唯一 的效用就是筛除一些不好的作品,因为只有真正的文学佳作才能长存于世。 书籍引导我们加入精英人
17、物的行列,将我们带到历代伟人面前;如闻其声,如见其行,仿佛他们真的活着;我们与他们情感相通,悲喜与共;他们的经历成为我们的经历,我们感到自己有点像在他们所描绘的人生舞台上与其同台演出。 【试题解析】 1第一段第一句 Books possess an essence of immortality中immortality为名词,可转译为形容词 “不朽的 ”。该句可译为 “书籍具有不朽的灵魂 ”。 2第三句 Temples and statues decay, but books survive中 temples和 statues共用一个动词 decay,翻译时可根据汉语搭配习惯分译为 “庙宇会坍塌
18、,神像会腐朽 ”。 3第四句中 (be)of no account的本义是 “不重要的,无价值的 ”。此句直译是 “时间对伟大的思想并不重要 ”,但这个翻译不太到位,可进一步引申,意译为 “时间无损于伟大的思想 ”。 4第四句中的定语从句 which are as fresh today 可译为一个独立的分句。 fresh本义为 “新鲜的 ”,在此可引申为 “清新如故 ”。 5第五句中的主语从句 What was then said and thought转译为名词 “言论和思想 ”。 6第六句中 sift out指 “筛选,排除掉 ” 。 7第二段第一句中 society除了 “社会 ”的意
19、思外,还可表示 “具有共同利益、共同特色的社会团体 ”,因此 best society在此可引申为 “精英人物的群体 ”。 8第二段第二句是个比较长的排比句,翻译时尽量体现这一特点。 sympathize with指 “与 感情相通 ”。 9 in a measure相当于 in some degree,可译为 “多少,有点 ”。 10 in the scenes which they describe指的是伟人们所描绘的人生经历,可译为 “人生舞台 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉(小品文) 2 【正确答案】 然而从日常生活的观点来看,我们可以确知一点,那就是人生在世是为了他人而活 尤其是为了那些
20、我们的快乐与否取决于他们的微笑及幸福的人而活;也为着无数不知名的生灵而活,他们的命运藉由同胞之情与我们结合在一起。一天中会有许多次,我认识到自己外在和内在的生活大多依赖同胞劳动,不管他们是在世还是已 故,也了解到我必须要多么竭尽所能才能同等回报我所获得的一切。我从别人那里获得的太多了,这种负疚感常常扰乱我心灵的平静。 客观地说,若总是冥思苦想自己存在于世的原因以及生命的普遍意义,这在我看来似乎非常愚蠢。然而每个人都拥有某种理想,并藉此引导自己的志向与判断。这些一直照亮我的道路而且令我充满生活乐趣的理想便是真、善、美。我从未想过要以舒适安逸的生活为目标,若以这种目标为基础建立道德观,那么只能适用
21、于牛群。 【试题解析】 1第一段第一句是个长句,行文比较流畅,可用顺译法处理。 for the sake of指 “为了 ” 。 2 above all for those upon whose smile and wellbeing our own happiness depends中,定语从句的介词 upon提前。 3 souls指 “灵魂 ”,根据上下文,可引申为 “生灵 ”。 4 sympathy本义为 “同情,同感 ”,结合下一句中出现的 fellow men“同胞 ”,可以理解为 “同胞之情 ”。 5第二句中 exert myself指 “努力,尽力 ”。 give in retu
22、rn指 “回报 ”。 6第三句是个被动句 ,可转化为主动句。 peace of mind指 “内心平静 ”。depressing指 “压抑的,沉闷的 ”。 7第二段第一句需要调整语序,先译出插入成分 from an objective point of view“客观地说 ”,再译主干 To ponder interminably overseems to me , to be sheer folly。 8 ponder interminably over指 “冥思苦想,绞尽脑汁 ”。 interminably指 “无限地 ”。 sheer指 “完全的,纯粹的 ”。 9第二句中 aspirat
23、ion指 “渴望,雄心 ”。 shone为 shine的过去式,指 “照耀,发光 ”。 10最后一句中 appealed to指 “吸引 ”。 11 a system of ethics built on this basis would be sufficient only for a herd of cattle中,从 would可以看出这是一个虚拟句,需要通过增词表达出虚拟语气。 be sufficient for指 “对 是足够的 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉(小品文) 3 【正确答案】 人生刚起步的年轻人最好的资本莫过于拥有众多的朋友。朋友可以提高他的声望,会尽一切最大的努力去支持他,
24、并使他达到他独自打拼的情况下绝不可能达到的成就。交对了朋友会比大笔的金钱或高深的学问更能让他快乐和成功。 友谊绝非一厢情愿的事。没有互利互惠可能就毫无友谊可言。一个人若只是接受而不付出,或只是付出而不收获,就无法期望能体验到真挚友谊所带来的快乐和满足感。 想交朋友必须培养受人赞赏和吸引他人的品质。如果你吝啬小气又自私自利,没人会欣赏你。你必须培养慷慨大方的气度;你必须有雅量并宽以待人 ;你必须有积极向上的品质,因为消极退缩、唯唯诺诺、裹足不前的人总是受人轻视。你必须相信自己,否则就不会获得别人的信任。你必须要向前看,满怀希望,愉快而乐观,没有人会理会一个沮丧的悲观者。 【试题解析】 1第一段第
25、一句中 nobetter than 结构在形式上表否定,意义上却是肯定的,翻译时可运用正话反说的技巧,译为 “最好的 莫过于 ”。 2第二句中 unaided为过去分词作状语,指 “未受协助的,独立的 ”,根据上下文,可译为 “独自打拼的情况下 ”。 3第三句中名词词组 friends of the right sort可转译为动词词组 “交对朋友 ”。great learning可译为 “高深的学问 ”或 “渊博的学识 ”。 4第二段第二句中 reciprocity指 “互惠 ”。 5第三句中连词 and表达的是转折语气,在翻译时可以采用否定转移的方法,译为 “一个人若只是接受而不付出,或只
26、是付出而不收获,就无法期望能体验到真挚友谊带来的快乐和满足感 ”。 6第三段第一句 Those who would make friends must cultivate 可译为汉语的无主句 “想交朋友必须培养 ” 。 qualities在 这里不是指 “质量 ”,而是指一个人的“品性,特质 ”。 7第二句中 mean和 stingy都有 “小气,吝啬 ”的含义,可采用汉语四字词来翻译。 8第三句是个长句,可直接用顺泽法处理。 large-heartedness指 “慷慨,大方 ”。magnanimous指 “宽宏大量的 ”。 apologizing指 “赔不是,道歉 ”,可引申为 “唯唯诺诺
27、 ”。 roundabout指 “迂回的,拐弯抹角的,裹足不前的 ”。 9第四句和第五句 You must believe in yourself. If you do not, others will not believe in you可合译为一句 “你必须信任你自己,否则就不会获得别人的信任。 ” 10倒数第二句中 look upward直译为 “向上看 ”,可引申为 “展望未来 ”,但汉语中通常用 “向前看 ”来表达。 【知识模块】 英译汉(小品文) 4 【正确答案】 首先,绅士不必身家丰厚,也不必身着华服。外在环境或外表并非问题所在,将绅士区别开来的正是其内在的本性。在最卑微的阶层中
28、也有天生的绅士。我们不做复杂的分析,但将试着给出一个大概的定义。真正的绅士几乎可以为待人的 “黄金法则 ”树立典范。这条法则几乎无所不包,因为不管多么世俗的行为、礼仪法则,都建立在它的基础上。 关于绅士有一些共识:绅士总是顾及他人的感受;他机智应变,所言所行皆符合时间场合。绅士总是温文尔雅 ,一即言谈举止总是从容优雅;他不会过度表现自己。真正的力量不是靠吵嚷喧闹,而是来自镇静克制。绅士举止的特征正是礼貌行为的关键所在,即沉着。 【试题解析】 1第二段第一句 a gentleman is not necessarily a man of wealth, or one who wears fine
29、 clothes可直译为 “绅士不必是个富有者,或是个身着华服的人 ”,活译为 “绅士不必身家丰厚,也不必身着华服 ”则更显简洁。 2第二句中 no question of指 “问题不在于 ” 。后半部分 it is the inner nature that 是个强调句,译文应体现这一点。 3第三句中 walks of life指 “行业,职业 ”,可引申为 “阶层 ”。 4第五句中 Golden Rule宜直译为 “黄金法则 ”,而不宜套用汉语成语 “金科玉律 ”,因为后者在汉语中为贬义,常含有讽刺意味。 5第二段最后一句中使用了倒 装, be based upon sth结构的 upon
30、 sth部分被前置。 practically在文中指 “几乎,简直 ”。 worldly为形容词,指 ”世俗的 ”。 6第三段第一句中 these指代的是下面要说的内容,可省去不译。 7 considerate of“体贴 ”。 8 tact“机智,老练 ”。 9第三段第二句中 gentle man是个词组,意为 “温文尔雅的人 ”,而不是名词gentleman。 10 unduly assert oneself“过度表现自己 ”。 11倒数第二句中 loud and boisterous和 quiet and subdued均为形容词,可转译为名词 “吵嚷喧闹 ”和 “镇静克制 ”。 12最后一句中 (be)characterized by指 “特点在于 ,特点是 ” 。 13 repose此处指 “沉着 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉(小品文)
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