1、专业英语八级英译汉(论说文类)强化练习试卷 2及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 In some cases, intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible for producing a “boomerang effect“; they actually create more of whatever it is they seek to reduce
2、in the first place. The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women of goodwill. State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. But such policies
3、seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers (夜总会、酒吧等保安人员 )(not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fratern
4、ity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behaviouror their drinking. The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs.
5、 As fields are burned and contraband (违禁 品 ) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. boomerang; a curved flat
6、piece of wood that can be thrown so as to return to the thrower 回飞镖 2 Women should be taught all sorts of breeding suitable both to their genius and quality. And in particular, music and dancing; which it would be cruelty to bar the sex of, because they are their darlings. But besides this, they sho
7、uld be taught languages, as particularly French and Italian; and I would venture the injury of giving a woman more tongues than one. They should, as a particular study, be taught all the graces of speech, and all the necessary air of conversation; which our common education is so defective in, that
8、I need not expose it. They should be brought to read books, and especially history; and so to read as to make them understand the world, and be able to know and judge of things when they hear of them. To such whose genius would lead them to it, I would deny no sort of learning; but the chief thing,
9、in general, is to cultivate the understandings of the sex, that they may be capable of all sorts of conversation; that their parts and judgments being improved, they may be as profitable in their conversation as they are pleasant. 3 Life, like science and art, is a theory about the world: a theory t
10、hat in our case takes bodily form. By a succession of adaptations, most of which are favourable and none of which are lethal, living things have invested in particular expectations about the future course of their environments. If those theories are good enough, then life will prosper and multiply;
11、but if they are outmoded by changing conditions, their embodiments will dwindle and perish. Science and art are two things most uniquely human. They witness to a desire to see beyond the seen. They display the crowning successes of the objective and subjective views of the world. But while they spri
12、ng from a shared sourcethe careful observation of thingsthey evoke different theories about the world :_what it means, what its inner connections truly are, and what we should judge as important. Science and art have diverged. As science became more successful in its quest to explain the seen by uns
13、een laws of Nature, so art became increasingly subjective, metaphorical, and divorced from realistic representation. 4 As individuals we can change the contour of a day, the mood of a moment, the way people feel. The demolition and reconstruction of public life is the result of personal decisions ma
14、de every day: the decision to give up a seat on the bus; the decision to be patient or pleasant against all the odds; the decision to let that jerk take a left-hand turn from a right-hand lane without rolling down the window and calling him a jerk. Its the resolution to be a civil, social creature.
15、This may be a peak period for the battle against the spread of a waistline and creeping cholesterol. But it is also within our will power to fight the spread of urban rudeness and creeping hostility. Civility doesnt stop nuclear holocaust and doesnt put a roof over the head of the homeless. But it m
16、akes a difference in the shape of a community, as surely as lifting weights can make a difference in the shape of a human torso. 专业英语八级英译汉(论说文类)强化练习试卷 2答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 然而这些政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。此前,一些大学生在酒吧或是娱乐场所饮酒,都会受到其保安人员的
17、严格监督 (更不用说这些酒吧或娱乐场所的经营者了,他们为了保住自己的营业执照更是倍加小心 )。而现在,这些学生躲到大学生联谊会会所或是宿舍里肆意饮酒,其行 为便无人监管。 联邦政府在打击非法毒品方面所采取的措施同样也适得其反。近年来,街头毒品贩卖得以有效控制。由于政府销毁了毒品种植地并没收了违禁品,毒品的价格因此而暴涨,以致各种廉价的毒品替代品也开始参与该市场的竞争。不幸的是,这些廉价替代品所带来的危害程度甚至远远大于那些非法毒品。 【试题解析】 1划线部分第一句比较简单,采用顺译法即可。其中 created the conditions for 译为 “引发 ”更合适。 2划线部分第二句较长
18、,可以分译为两句。第一个语意层在 now之前,翻译括号中的 插入语时应当根据汉语表达习惯调整句式并适当增词。 fraternity houses指的是 “美国大学生联谊会会所 ”。 3划线部分第三句中的 boomerang effect是心理学术语,根据上文解释可知指的是 “人们良好的意愿或行为反而会激发相反的结果 ”。在此句中可以译为 “适得其反 ”。此句翻译时应当根据下文第四句内容增译主语 “联邦政府 ”,从而更符合汉语表达习惯。 4翻译划线部分第五句时,可根据上文增译主语 “政府 ”。 skyrocket意为 “暴涨 ”。 5翻译划线部分最后一句中的 the illicit drugs
19、they replace时,可采用省译法,they replace可直接略去不译。 【知识模块】 英译汉(论说文) 2 【正确答案】 对于女性的教育,应考虑适合其天赋与资质。尤其应当教授她们钟爱的音乐与舞蹈,如若将女性拒之于歌舞之外,实在是残忍之极。除此之外,还应教授她们各种语言,尤其是法语与意大利语;对于教女性多种语言不利的说法,我却不敢苟同。语言的优雅艺术与谈吐的必要气质尤其应当成为她们所学习的课程,而这恰恰是我们的普通教育中所欠缺的,在此无庸赘述。我们还应教会她们读书,特别是读历史;并且循循善诱之,使其了解世界,遇事能够正确地理解和判断。 有的女性可能天资过人,她们学习什么都可以,但一般
20、说来,主要 仍在培养女性对事物的理解能力,使其在跟任何人交流时都能应对自如。倘若她们遇事能够正确地理解和判断,那么她们的言辞不但能够让人感到愉悦,还能够让人受益匪浅。 【试题解析】 1第一句话中的 breeding这里意为 educating, genius意为character。 2第二句中的 barof 意为 “把 排除在外 ”, the sex这里指的是 women。 3第三句中的 I would venture 是英语中的自谦语,意为 “对于 ,恕我不敢苟同 ”。 4第四句话翻译时应当把被动语态转换为主动语态更符合 汉语表达习惯。 all the necessary air of co
21、nversation可译为 “谈吐辞令 ”或是 “谈话技巧 ”。 5第五句中的 be brought to指的是 be taught to。 6第六句话句子较长,可以保留原句的格式,也可译为三句话,在分号处断句即可。 “I would deny no sort of learning”是英语典型的双重否定句,翻译时可以保留双重否定的形式,可以译为 “无论学习什么都是无可厚非的 ”。 cultivate the understandings of the sex指的是 to cultivate the under-standings of women,即 “培养女性对事物的理解能力 ”。 “th
22、ey may be as profitable in their conversation as they are pleasant”一句中 profitable指的是 “令人受益匪浅 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉(论说文) 3 【正确答案】 如果这些理论成立,那么生命就会生生不息,繁荣昌盛;但是,一旦生物跟不上环境条件的变化,就会没落消亡。 科学与艺术是人 类最独特的创造。此二者,是人类试图超越现有视野的明证。它们也是人类对世界的客观和主观认识的最高成就。然而,虽然科学与艺术来源相同二者都是基于对事物的仔细观察 但它们所激发的关于外部世界的理论,却截然不同。这些理论包括外部世界的含义,其内在的
23、联系是什么以及我们应如何判断外部世界的主次。 科学与艺术自此分野。科学力图通过看不见的自然法则来解释肉眼可见的各种现象,并在这一方面取得了较大的成功;艺术则变得更加主观、富于隐喻性质,并逐渐脱离了现实主义的表现手法。 【试题解析】 1第一段最后一句中 的用词较为华丽, prosper and multiply可以翻译成成语 “生生不息,繁荣昌盛 ”。 their embodiments指的是 the embodiments of life,可直接译为 “生物 ”,而 dwindle and perish指的是 “这些生物逐渐退化衰落,直至灭亡 ”。 2第二段第一句中, most uniquel
24、y human译为 “人类最独特的创造 ”。 3第二段第二句中的 beyond the seen指的是 “超越现有视野 ”。 4第二段第三句中的 crowning意为 “达到顶点的,至高无上的 ”。 5第二段第四句比较长,可以译为两个分句,第一个意群可以断在 they evoke different theories之后。第二个意群解释说明了上文中 theories的主要内容,因此开头部分可以泽为 “这些理论包括 ” 。 6第三段第一句中的 diverged可泽为 “分野 ”。 7第三段最后一句可以分为两个对比鲜明的意群,解释了科学与艺术本质的不同。其中, the seen指的是 “肉眼可见的
25、各种现象 ”。 divorced from意为 “从 中脱离 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉(论说文) 4 【正确答案 】 作为社会中的个体,我们可以改变一天的面貌,一时的情绪,以及人们的感觉。每个人每天所做的决定最终共同导致了公共生活的破坏和重建。这些决定包括:在公车上让座;面对困境隐忍而愉快;当某人从右车道往左拐时,也能随他去,而不是摇下车窗大骂他 “笨蛋 ”。 要成为文明的、友好的人,就要做这样的决定。如今可能整个社会都在热衷于同不断增长的腰围和胆固醇作斗争,但只要我们愿意,同样能阻止城市中粗鲁而不友好的态度继续蔓延。文明礼貌虽然不能阻止核战争,也不能为流浪的人提供柄身之所,但它确实能使一个
26、社会群体的面貌焕 然一新,就像举重能重新塑造人的形体一样。 【试题解析】 1第一段第一句中 contour原意为 “轮廓,外形 ”,在这里应引申为 “面貌 ”。 2 mood of a moment“一时的情绪 ”。 3第二句虽然句子较长,但结构并不复杂,可采用顺译法。句中出现了几个以the decision为中心词的并列名词短语,这里可以采用省译法,翻译为一句 “这些决定包括: ” 。 4 demolition“毁损,取消 ”。 5 reconstruction“重建,改造 ”。 6 against all the odds为短语 ,指 “尽管有极大的困难 ”。 7 jerk“笨蛋 ”,为俚语。 8 fighthand lane“右手道 ”。 9 cholesterol“胆固醇 ”。 10第二段第三句 But it is also within our will powercreeping hostility 需要调整前后语序,译为两个分句。 l1第二段第四句和第五句之间是转折关系,可运用合句方法将其译为一句话。put roof over指 “提供栖身之所 ”。 12 holocaust“浩劫,大灾难 ”。 13 torso“躯体,形体 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉(论说文)
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