[外语类试卷]专业英语八级（人际交往及其他类写作）模拟试卷3及答案与解析.doc

1、专业英语八级（人际交往及其他类写作）模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 1 “Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than the reality or truth behind that image.“ Do you agree to the foregoing statement

2、? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have w

3、ritten to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 2 When hunting for a job, many people have encountered such a situation when experience is particula

4、rly required. It would seem that newly graduated students are doomed to have no job and thus have no experience all their life. But sometimes people who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes. Do you t

5、hink one of them is definitely advantageous over the others? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate

6、 details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 3 Some people claim that humanity has mad

7、e little real progress over the past century or so on the ground that technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity. How do you think of their idea? Write

8、 an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written

9、to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 4 Your life on campus is approaching to an end and you need to compose a thesis to conclude your four years

10、 in college. In the thesis-writing process, you may have some experience in academic research. So do you think it is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should s

11、tate clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure

12、to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 5 The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority. Do you agree or disagree to the statement above? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the firs

13、t part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, gram

14、mar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 专业英语八级（人际交往及其他类写作）模拟试卷 3答案与解析 一、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 1 【正确答案】 Images Cannot Survive Facts Has creating an image become more

15、 important in our society than the reality or truth behind the image? I agree that image has become a more central concern, at least where short-term business or political success is at stake. Nevertheless, I think that in the longer term image ultimately yields to substance and fact. The important

16、role of image is particularly evident in the business world. Consider, for example, todays automobile industry. American cars are becoming essentially identical to competing Japanese cars in nearly every mechanical and structural respect, as well as in price. Thus to compete effectively auto compani

17、es must now differentiate their products largely through image advertising, by conjuring up certain illusory benefits - such as machismo, status, sensibility, or fun. The increasing focus on image is also evident in the book-publishing business. Publishers are relying more and more on the power of t

18、heir brands rather than the content of their books. Today mass-market books are supplanted within a year with products that are essentially the same - except with fresh faces, rifles, and other promotional angles. In the long term, however, the significance of image wanes considerably. The image of

19、the Marlboro man ultimately gave way to the truth about the health hazards of cigarette smoking. Popular musical acts with nothing truly innovative to offer musically eventually disappear from the music scene. And anyone who frequents yard sales knows that todays best-selling books often become tomo

20、rrows pulp. Even in politics, I think history has a knack6 for peeling away image to focus on real accomplishments. I think history will remember Teddy Roosevelt, for example, primarily for building the Panama Canal and for establishing our National Park System - and not for his rough-and-ready ward

21、robe. In the final analysis, it seems that in every endeavor where success depends to some degree on persuasion, marketing, or salesmanship, image has indeed become the central concern of those who seek to persuade. And as our lives become busier, our attention spans briefer, and our choices among p

22、roducts and services greater, I expect this trend to continue unabated - for better or worse. 【试题解析】 文章以问句开头，显得更具气势，且引发读者思考，拉近与读者距离。提问回答法是一种行之有效的开头方法，考生可尝试借鉴使用，当然使用中需注意的是：必须要有问有答，否则难以表述清楚自己的论点。正文部分将论点与论据结合，论证严谨。主体部分的最后又以著名政治人 物罗斯福为例，说明我们记得他是由于他的历史功绩，而非他的着装，为作者论点的佐证添上了浓墨重彩的一笔。好的议论文不能没有实例，考生在平时也要注意积累素

23、材，以期 “用兵一时 ”。 【知识模块】 人际交往及其他类 2 【正确答案】 Imagination and Experience Enjoy Respective Merits For many occupations and tasks, imagination leads to creative thinking and solutions that may be beyond the ken of someone with years of experience in that particular field. There are, however, times when the r

24、everse is also true. Therefore, neither enjoys absolute advantages over the other. They deserve equal attention. One example that immediately comes to mind is that of the superiority of new computer software programmers. The computer software producing companies want to hire the latest graduates tha

25、t have only the basic programming skills and abilities - and the creative ideas that may not have been presented to the industry before. The latest and most creative ideas come almost exclusively from the imaginations of fresh talent lacking any formal experience with computer software companies. An

26、other example that occurs frequently with management and human resources in business is the idea of forming cross-functional task forces to solve problems that arise in the course of doing business. Management creates cross-functional task forces by choosing individuals across several different func

27、tional areas, such as the marketing, finance, human resources and accounting departments, to form a team that will address the particular dilemma facing the company. The idea is to invite the idea of “thinking outside of the box“, or looking beyond the normal solutions. Politicians give maybe the pr

28、ime example of the battle between the comparative merits of imagination versus that of experience. The classic battle lines are formed when a new challenger with no political experience faces an incumbent politician with perhaps decades of experience. The newcomer will focus his or her campaign on i

29、magination as he or she attempts to generate new ideas to solve either the age-old problems of government or newly arisen crises. The wizened old politician will focus his campaign and the issues in such a way as to maximize his experience in politics as the prerequisite for an elected leader. Gener

30、ally, a given voting population opposes change. Therefore in politics, in the absence of problems that obviously require imagination and fresh ideas, the candidate with the greater experience will probably have the edge, all other things being equal. It goes without saying that in some cases imagina

31、tion can be a much greater asset than ex-perience. What would the state of technology in the world be today without the imagination and ingenuity of Thomas Alva Edison, as an individual example? Similarly, experience has its irreplaceable merits, thus being worthy of equal attention. 【试题解析】 本文构思十分巧妙

32、，作者没有走入极端，盲目支持想象力或经验的重要性，而是采用分情况讨论的策略，分别论述各自在不同领域中不可磨灭的价值。如第二段提到的软件开发领域、第三段中的公司管理领域、第四段中的政治领域等，都恰如其分地说明了二者的特有优势。另外，开头段中简明扼要地摆出论证要点，结尾段中的问句引起反思等写作手法，都是考生应当借鉴的。 【知识模块】 人际交往及其他类 3 【正确答案】 Undeniable Human Achievement To be sure, war, violence and poverty are still with us and we as mankind are probably

33、more aware of these problems worldwide than ever before thanks to advances in technology and communication. But depending upon the definition of progress and the condition of humanity, this would appear to be an incorrect statement. First of all, the phrase “little real progress“ from the first sent

34、ence must be defined. If the author defines progress as elimination of death, war, violence and poverty, then perhaps it could be stated that humankind has not made much improvement over the past one hundred years. However, if the term “progress“ is defined not as elimination of these problems but r

35、ather a reduction in them, then great progress has been made over the past century. Life expectancies are up in nearly every country of the world due to improvements in medicine and the scientific study of the human body. War and violence, although still present, has been reduced and to a large part

36、 confined to certain areas of the world rather than the global wars of the past such was World Wars I and II. Poverty has also been reduced as international trade has lead to economic improvements in many formerly impoverished nations. Very real progress has been made in these areas over the past on

37、e hundred years. Secondly, the phrases “the overall condition of humanity“ and “the condition of humanity“ must be defined. The term means how we are able to live our lives during the time that we are given, thus again tremendous progress has been made during the past century. Cures have been found

38、for many diseases, some of which have officially been completely eliminated. Medical treatments for other diseases have made them less deadly or less debilitating. For example, many cancer victims that would have died in the past can now go on living comfortably and cancer-free after treatment. Diab

39、etics who would have died in the past can now live nearly normal lives. Even poor eyesight can be effectively eliminated through laser surgery. It would seem to be beyond argument that overall, the condition of humanity is much better now than it was one century ago. As mankind continues on into the

40、 twenty-first century, it would be preferable to consider all that has been accomplished over the past one hundred years and to look ahead to future advances over the next century instead of ignoring mankinds obviously improved circumstances today. 【试题解析】 本文的亮点在于，没有急于对命题中的观点进行否定，而是先不急不缓地对该观点中的关键词进行定

41、义，让读者心中有数。同时列举出大量事实论据，一方面批驳了命题中的谬误，另一方面也把鲜 活的证据摆在读者面前，那么人类社会究竟是否取得进步就不言自明了。结尾段又将过去与未来联系起来，更增强了作者论证的气势。考生在行文时可以借鉴的是，不一定要对对立面观点全盘否定，有时较为迂回的批驳反而能够起到更好的效果。 【知识模块】 人际交往及其他类 4 【正确答案】 Theorizing with No Data Does Good It is a rare situation where one is faced with a dilemma without the benefit of having at

42、 least some information about that particular state of affairs. Seldom does something pop up out of nowhere for which there is absolutely no data available. However, when a situation occurs where there is no information immediately available, hypothesizing about a theoretical explanation for that se

43、t of circumstances can certainly lay the groundwork for an understanding of what has happened. To theorize means to form a theory about something or to speculate about a set of circumstances. Merriam Websters dictionary defines a theory in part as “a hypothesis assumed for the sake of argument or in

44、vestigation; or an unproved assumption.“ People automatically make assumptions about a situation based on prior experience with a set of circumstances or a particular set of facts. It is the normal decision and thought-making process that human beings go through in trying to decipher the world aroun

45、d them. If an individual were not allowed to make an assumption about a situation, the individual would be lacking an essential human element in the process of interpreting that particular situation. Theorizing about a possible explanation can eliminate implausible solutions as well as generate a ra

46、nge of possibilities for what has occurred. Additionally, the human ability to think in a logical manner to rationally explain an event or series of events is one important characteristic that separates us from animals. This ability stems from being not only able to remember past facts and events, b

47、ut to actually apply those memories to future situations. The ability to learn from the past is a fundamental part of building knowledge, which allows us to advance as a civilization. If one accepts the idea that it is a grave mistake to hypothesize in cases where there is a lack of data, one of the

48、 most essential tools of learning would be taken away from us. For example, consider the situation where a human skeleton is found with absolutely no clues as to what happened to this particular person. If the investigative team is not allowed to hypothesize or make an assumption about the circumsta

49、nces under which the person died, they could not make a decision on how to even begin their investigation. Should they proceed with the investigation as a homicide or a death of natural causes? Without a hypothesis, there is no guide or “roadmap“ as to how to proceed, and the investigators work would be greatly hampered. It goes without saying that it is a rare situation where there is no data available to form a hypothesis on which to proceed. But even in situations where there is only a small amount of data available, a hypoth