[外语类试卷]专业英语八级（作文）模拟试卷80及答案与解析.doc

1、专业英语八级（作文）模拟试卷 80及答案与解析 一、 PART V WRITING 1 As Chinas economic development and urbanization spur the largest human migration on the planet, millions of laborers are leaving rural areas to find jobs in the cities. The children of these migrant workers have fallen into a conspicuous gap in the provisi

2、on of public education. From the following excerpt, you can find the problem of educating migrants children. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize the situation of education for migrant children, and then 2. give your comment. Educational Challenges Education

3、for Migrant Children In recent years, the government has gradually begun to pass laws and design policies to protect the rights of migrants. Migrant children are now allegedly entitled to attend urban schools in their local school districts. Schooling in urban areas is supposed to be free. However,

4、despite the change in the official line, migrant childrens access to education is still far from routine, and considerable barriers remain. A survey conducted in Beijing recently showed that 25 percent of children whose families have lived in Beijing for at least six years attend public schools, com

5、pared to only 5 percent for families who had lived in Beijing for one to three years. Until very recently, public schools charged high fees for migrant students. In addition to financial constraints, migrants also face other barriers to enrolling their children in urban public schools. Since migrant

6、s tend to live on the outskirts of the city where rent is cheaper, transportation to public schools located in the urban centers can pose a major problem. High demand for enrollment in good public schools also creates serious capacity constraints. According to interviews, even if migrant children ar

7、e able to attend public schools, it is clear that they often face discrimination and are very conscious of unfair treatment as “second-class citizens.“ The difficulties migrant children face enrolling in urban public schools have led to the emergence of privately-run migrant schools, which struggle

8、to fill the educational gap. These migrant schools unlike urban and rural schools (which are relatively high quality or at least improving) are generally plagued by poor teaching, poor facilities, undeveloped curriculum, and high tuition. Migrant schools were first started in the early 1990s by reti

9、red teachers and other concerned individuals because of the need for a viable alternative for migrant children. At first, they were quite informal. Migrant schools were all private and funded themselves by collecting tuition. As the number of migrants rose, the potential profitability of meeting the

10、 growing demand for migrant schools attracted all kinds of entrepreneursincluding some without any background in teaching. Because migrant schools were privately run and mostly unregulated, there were no standards, and education quality varied tremendously across individual schools. Teachers in migr

11、ant schools are generally second market, those who did not have adequate credentials or experience to obtain jobs in public schools. Many teachers only accept positions at migrant schools to gain experience and resign as soon as they find better work, causing disruption in their classes when they le

12、ave before the end of the school year. Migrant schools desperate for teachers rarely have credential requirements and can only offer very low wages, harsh conditions, very basic food, crude living quarters, and heavy teaching burdens. The quality of facilities in migrant schools varies widely, but i

13、s mostly poor, especially compared to urban public schools. Migrant schools are often overcrowded and use second-hand desks, chairs, and even buildings bought cheaply from public schools. 2 Nowadays, many people turn to the Internet to solve a multitude of medical quandaries, extending even to the m

14、atters of how to find a doctor and access medical treatment. Concerning patients being defrauded of money and sometimes having their condition worsen owing to incorrect diagnoses, the government announced that medical diagnosis and treatment will be forbidden online. The hard stance has proved contr

15、oversial. The following are opinions from both sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides; 2. give your comment. Medical Service Providers Wu Jie: Contrary to popular belief, this field

16、is nothing new. Since the late 1990s, some Western countries have operated online medical treatment systems on a trial basis. The practice was once also banned in Britain, but finally the government had to recognize medical treatment websites facing the rising tide of the Internet. Nowadays, online

17、treatment is helping more and more patients in Western countries. Of course, online medical treatment also has shortcomings. Sometimes patients need to have a thorough physical examination, which is near impossible to carry out online. However, if the medical treatment system is not well managed, pr

18、oblems may occur even when patients attend brick-and-mortar hospitals. Online hospitals are still relatively new in China and thus many areas are in need of improvement. However, this does not justify a wholesale ban on online medical treatment. It should be the market that tests whether this “new p

19、roduct“ is valid or not, rather than it being at the sole discretion. Li Keji: While the traditional medical system is probably overly elaborate and regulated, the Internet is an unknown quantity, carrying risks. Caution is a prerequisite in the process of employing the Internet in medical treatment

20、. The government means to steer online medical treatment toward accountability and transparency as well as enable it to progress stably. A well-developed online medical treatment system will be a great help to the ongoing medical reform. Peoples health is directly correlated with the quality of heal

21、thcare they receive, so prudence is a necessity. The governments cautious attitude toward Internet medical treatment is understandable and also in the interest of public health. Patients Wang Junrong: Surprisingly, in this day and age, the government is preventing the public from accessing medical t

22、reatment online. Surely the government should standardize and regulate online medical treatment, instead of banning it outright. Besides, it is not something you can easily ban. According to iiMedia Research, now, the mobile health industry in China had an estimated worth of $300 million. According

23、to its predictions, this figure will reach $2 billion over the next two years. Banning such a lucrative growth area will prove no easy feat. Also, isnt it necessary to first ask the patients whether its OK to stop online medical treatment? Mao Jianguo: Its natural to see deficiencies in newly born t

24、echnologies. While there might exist various problems and worries in terms of online medical treatment, is it possible to eradicate all the problems by simply banning it? The government allows online consultation on health, but no medical treatment is allowed. How can you clearly discern medical con

25、sultation from medical treatment? What if the treatment is carried out under the guise of consultation? A ban is certainly not the only way to solve the problems plaguing the sector. Concerns about online hospitals tend to center on the capability of doctors. Thus, if tougher regulations are put in

26、place to punish online doctors who wrongly diagnose patients as is the case in the traditional profession, online hospitals will become much more reliable. Under these circumstances, a ban would not really be necessary. 3 Both at home and abroad, more people are turning to crowd funding sites to ask

27、 friends, and friends of friends, for help with medical bills, accident costs and much more. An estimated $2.8 billion was raised by all types of crowdfunding websites last year globally. The following article provides more details on this phenomenon. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in w

28、hich you should: 1. summarize briefly the article; 2. give your comment. Crowdfunding isnt just for businessman anymore; its moving into all kinds of other spheres, from startups to research to personal causes. And increasingly, people felled by illness or injury are using these sites to raise money

29、 for their health care. One site thats capitalized on personal-cause crowd funding is GoFundMe. CEO Brad Damphousse says last year alone, the sites users have raised more than $6 million for medical causes, and Medical, Illness the rest will go toward any medical expenses Soudani incurs that arent c

30、overed by public assistance. One reason Damphousse thinks strangers help each other on his site is that people like to see the direct impact of their dollars. “If youre donating to a big nonprofit, you dont know exactly how your money will be utilized, but on our site you might be thanked personally

31、 by the recipient,“ says Damphousse. But are these sites ripe for fraud? “We do have cheaters signing up,“ Damphousse admits. He has an internal team that vets every page, looking for hucksters, and shuts them down. One user of GoFundMe managed to fool the company along with his friends and family a

32、nd raised $2,000 around a false claim that he had cancer. The site also encourages transparency by revealing the email account associated with the payment account. Potential donors can also see who else has donated lately. Medical institutions are getting into the crowd funding spirit, too. As Busin

33、ess Week has reported, the Rare Genomics Institute is helping children with mysterious illnesses solicit money online to pay for the sequencing of their genes. 4 From the anti-utopia writings of Aldous Huxley and H. G. Wells to movies like Matrix, the rise of the machine has long terrified mankind.

34、There are also thinkers who think artificial intelligence (AI) is a real danger. The following article introduces an Oxford academics warning that humanity runs the risk of creating super intelligent computers that eventually destroy human. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you sh

35、ould: 1. summarize briefly the article; 2. give your comment. Dr Stuart Armstrong, of the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, has predicted a future where machines run by artificial intelligence become so indispensable in human lives they eventually make us redundant and take over. An

36、d he says his alarming vision could happen as soon as the next few decades. Dr Armstrong said: “Humans steer the future not because were the strongest or the fastest, but because were the smartest. When machines become smarter than humans, well be handing them the steering wheel.“ Dr Armstrong envis

37、ages machines capable of harnessing such large amounts of computing power, and at speeds inconceivable to the human brain, that they will eventually create global networks with each other communicating without human interference. It is at that point that what is called Artificial General Intelligenc

38、e (AGI) in contrast to computers that carry out specific, limited, tasks, such as driverless cars will be able to take over entire transport systems, national economies, financial markets, healthcare systems and product distribution. “Anything you can imagine the human race doing over the next 100 y

39、ears theres the possibility AGI will do very, very fast,“ he said. But while handing over mundane tasks to machines may initially appear attractive, it contains within it the seeds of our own destruction. In attempting to limit the powers of such super AGIs mankind could unwittingly be signing its o

40、wn death warrant He warns that it will be difficult to tell whether a machine is developing in a benign or deadly direction. He says an AI would always appear to act in a way that was beneficial to humanity, making itself useful and indispensable much like the iPhones Siri, which answers questions a

41、nd performs simple organisational tasks until the moment it could logically take over all functions. “As AIs get more powerful anything that is solvable by cognitive processes, such as ill health, cancer, depression, boredom, becomes solvable,“ he says. “And we are almost at the point of generating

42、an AI that is as intelligent as humans.“ Dr Armstrong says mankind is now involved in a race to create “safe AI“ before it is too late. “Plans for safe AI must be developed before the first dangerous AI is created,“ he writes in his book Smarter Than Us: The Rise of Machine Intelligence. “The softwa

43、re industry is worth many billions of dollars, and much effort is being devoted to new AI technologies. Plans to slow down this rate of development seem unrealistic. So we have to race toward the distant destination of safe AI and get there fast, outrunning the progress of the computer industry.“ On

44、e solution to the dangers of untrammelled AI suggested by industry experts and researchers is to teach super computers a moral code. Unfortunately, Dr Armstrong points out, mankind has spent thousands of years debating morality and ethical behaviour without coming up with a simple set of instruction

45、s applicable in all circumstances which it can follow. Imagine then, the difficulty in teaching a machine to make subtle distinctions between right and wrong. “Humans are very hard to learn moral behaviour from,“ he says. “They would make very bad role models for AIs.“ 专业英语八级（作文）模拟试卷 80答案与解析 一、 PART

46、 V WRITING 1 【正确答案】 Improve the Equity of Education for Migrant Children Under the tendency of increasing migrant workers, the population of migrant children has shown a dramatic increase, and thus the education of migrant children has become a serious social problem. As is presented in the above ar

47、ticle, migrant children are charged extra-paid fee to attend public schools in urban areas while still facing the problems of transportation and discrimination in schools. Moreover, because of the limited quota in public schools, many children turn to private schools for help. However, these private

48、 migrant schools cannot offer quality teachers and facilities for children. In my opinion, its urgent for the government to improve the equity of education for migrant children from the perspective of social and economic development. Firstly, Chinese government should put more efforts and implement

49、policies to improve the equity of education. From the news coverage, despite government efforts, education between migrant and urban students is still far from equal. Therefore, more proactive approaches in implementing the compulsory education policy are necessary. For instance, more quotas for migrant children should be available to meet their needs. Furthermore, government should invest to build more public schools on the outskirt of the city where many migrants live. Secondly, the educational problems of migrants children are caused by unequ