1、专业英语八级(生活类汉译英)模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 1 我的生命大概不会很长久罢。然而在短促的过去的回顾中却有一盏明灯,照彻了我的灵魂的黑暗,使我的生存有一点光彩。这盏灯就是友情。我应该感谢它,因为靠了它我才能够活到现在:而且把旧家庭给我留下的阴影扫除了的也正是它。 世间有不少的人为了家庭抛弃朋友,至少 也会在家庭和朋友之间划一个界限,把家庭看得比朋友重过若干倍。这似乎是很自然的事情。我也曾亲眼看见一些人结婚以后就离开朋友,离
2、开事业 朋友是暂时的,家庭是永久的。在好些人的行为里我发现了这个信条。这个信条在我实在是不可理解的。对于我,要是没有朋友,我现在会变成怎样可怜的东西。我自己也不知道。 然而朋友们把我救了。他们给了我家庭所不能给的东西。他们的友爱,他们的帮助,他们的鼓励,几次把我从深渊的边沿救回来。他们对我表示了无限的慷慨。 我的生活曾经是 悲苦的,黑暗的。然而朋友们把多量的同情,多量的爱。多量的欢乐,多量的眼泪分了给我,这些东西都是生存所必需的。这些不要报答的慷慨的施舍,使我的生活里也有了温暖,有了幸福。我默默地接受了它们。我并不曾说一句感激的话,我也没有做过一件报答的行为。但是朋友们却不把自私的形容词加到我
3、的身上。对于我,他们太慷慨了。 2 然而,我们知道,衣食无忧仅仅是生活的一个方面,人们对生活的要求是多侧面的,文明程度越高,人们的心理需求就越高。尤其是老年人,他们和青年人一样也有文化的需要,娱乐的需要,尊严的需要,成就感的 需要,更何况他们已经走过了生命的大部分历程。他们要在生命的最后一个阶段活得更加舒心,活得更有色彩。在维也纳的日子里,我们见到的老年人,好像都生活得有滋有味的。我常常会被他们所感染。我由衷地敬佩他们积极的生活态度,我尤其欣赏他们那开朗的精神状态。因为我们语言不通,我无法和他们更深入地交流,我只能将我所看到的情景和场面白描似地记录下来。 3 中国是茶的故乡,茶是中国的国饮。中
4、国人最懂茶趣,也最讲究饮茶艺术。 中国人喝茶是长期风行的习惯,喝茶与中国人的人生有千丝万缕的联系,所以,喝茶不仅可以清 心悦神,而且可以使人感受到一种人生的诗意。 在中国大部分地区,沿袭明清传统,以轻饮雅赏的冲泡茶为主。但各个地区所好仍有不同。 唐代的茶学大师刘贞亮曾提出茶有 “十德 ”的说法:以茶尝滋味、以茶养身体、以茶驱腥气、以茶防病气、以茶养生气、以茶散闷气、以茶利礼仁、以茶表敬意、以茶可雅心、以茶可行道。 专业英语八级(生活类汉译英)模拟试卷 1答案与解析 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following
5、text into English. 1 【正确答案】 The length of my days will not be unlimited. However, whenever I look back on my brief past life, I find a beacon illuminating my soul and thereby lending a little brightness to my being. That beacon is friendship. I should be grateful to it because it has helped me keep
6、alive up to now and clear away the shadow left on me by my old family. Many people forsake their friends in favor of their own families, or at least draw a line of demarcation between families and friends, considering the former to be many times more important than the latter. That seems to be a mat
7、ter of course. I have also seen with my own eyes how some people abandon their friends as well as their own careers soon after they get married Friends are transient whereas family are lasting that is the tenet, as I know, guiding the behavior of many people. To me. that is utterly inconceivable. Wi
8、thout friends. I would have been reduced to I dont know what a miserable creature. Friends are my saviors. They give me things which is beyond my family to give. Thanks to their fraternal love, assistance and encouragement. I have time and again been saved from falling into an abyss while on its ver
9、ge. They have been enormously generous towards me. There was a time when my life was miserable and gloomy. My friends then gave me in large quantities sympathy, love, joy and tears things essential for existence. It is due to their bountiful free gifts that I also have my share of warmth and happine
10、ss in my life. I accepted their kindnesses quietly without ever saying a word of thanks and without ever doing anything in return. In spite of that, my friends never used the epithet “self-centered“ when referring to me. They are only too generous towards me. 【试题解析】 本篇选自我国文学巨匠巴金于 1933年 6月作的一篇旅途随笔,题名
11、为朋友,作者通过自身的旅行经历赞颂人间友情之可贵。文章用语朴实、流畅,字里行间处处洋溢着作者的真挚感情。翻译此选段时,注意中英文表达上的差异。 1 划线部分第一段的第一句,句式较长,翻译时需理清句子结构的主次。第一句的前两个短句为主干部分, “把家庭看得比朋友重过若干倍 ”是次要信息,故译文中用现在分词作伴随状语。 2 第一句 “世间有不少的人 ”是汉语典型的流水句,其所表达的意思就 是 “有很多人 ”,可简单译为 “many people”。 3 “划一个界限 ”:译为 “draw a line of demarcation”。其中, demarcation英文解释为 “the bounda
12、ry of a specific area or a conceptual separation or distinction”,即 “划分;划界;限界 ”。 4 “这似乎是很自然的事情。 ”:译为 “That seems to be a matter of course ”。其中,词组 “a matter of course”解释为 “理所当然的事;必然的结果 ”。 5 “亲眼看见 ”:可译为 “see with ones own eyes”。 6 “结婚以后 ”:除了直译为 “after they get married”,还可采刚词类转换法,将动词 “结婚 ”译为名词,即 “after
13、their marriages”。 7 “离开朋友,离开事业 ”中 “离开 ”一词,在原文中具体引申为 “抛弃、放弃 ”,故译为 “abandon their friends as well as their own careers”。 8 划线部分第二段第一、二句 “朋友是暂时的,家庭是永久的。在好些人的行为里我发现了这个信条。 ”,其中,第一句即第二句中 “信条 ”的具体内容,故两个句子可合译为一个整句,译为 “Friends are transient whereas family are lastingthat is the tenet, as I know,guiding the b
14、ehavior of many people ”。 9 “暂时的 ”:可译为 “transient”或 “temporary”。 10 “永久的 ”:可泽为 “lasting”、 “permanent”、 “perpetual”或 “for good”等 11 “这个信条在我实在是不可理解的。 ”中 “实在是不可理解的 ”,简化而言也就是 “完全难以置信的 ”,故翻译为 “utterly inconceivable”。其中 “inconceivable”可用“incredible”、 “unbelievable”替代。 12 “我现在会变成怎样可怜的东西 ”是作者的假象内容,故翻译时注意,句子
15、时态应为虚拟态,译为 “I would have been reduced to what a miserable creature”。其中,词组 “be reduced to” 解释为 “沦落为 ” 。 13划线部分第三段第一句 “然而朋友们把我救了。 ”译为 “Friends are my saviors ”,这里采用词类转换法,将动词 “救 ”转移为名词 “savior”(救世主 )。 14 “他们给了我家庭所不能给的东西。 ”中 “不能 ”具体指 “超出某人能力范围 ”、“对某人来说太闲难了 ”之意,译为 “beyond the reach of sb ”或 “over ones he
16、ad”。故译文 “They give me things which is beyond my family to give me ”也可改写为 “which is beyond the reach ofmy family over my familys head to give me ”。 15 “他们的友爱,他们的帮助,他们的鼓励,几次把我从深渊的边沿救回来。 ”译为 “Thanks to their fraternal love, assistance and encouragement, I have time and again been saved from falling int
17、o an abyss while on its verge ”。其中,“thanks to”为增译部分,用以上下文的衔接,解释为 “多亏了 ”。同样, “fraternal”也是增译部分,用以表达 love的程度之深,解释为 “兄弟般的 ”、 “友好的 ”。 16 “对 表示无限的慷慨 ”:译为 “be enormously generous towards to sb ”。 【知识模块】 生活类汉译英 2 【正确答案】 Yet, we all know that supply of provisions and clothing is only one aspect of life; man
18、s demand on life is many-sided. Higher the civilization, higher is mans psychological aspiration. This is especially true of old folks. Like young people, they have the need of cultural life, the need of recreation and amusement, the need of dignity and the need of accomplishment. Besides, having tr
19、aversed greater part of their lives and unwilling to leave behind too many regrets, they want to, in their remaining years, make their lives easier and more substantial. During my stay in Vienna, I found that all the elderly people 1 met with seemed to enjoy their lives enormously. Contagiously, I c
20、ouldnt help admiring them for their positive attitude toward life, especially their optimism. Because of the language barrier I could not go deep into our conversation. So, all I could do is record what I saw then and there in sketch forms. 【试题解析】 秋天的色彩 维 也纳老人生活一瞥是一篇游记散文,前文中作者简要提到了奥地利为老年人提供的多项福利,而此段
21、则主要说明老年人除了衣食无忧外,也有着各种心理需求。作者以流畅的语言,优美的文笔向读者缓缓道出秋天维也纳老人们愉悦、轻松、积极的生活态度。这篇文章多为散句,所以在翻译时,要适当注意断合句子。 1 “然而,我们知道,衣食无忧仅仅是生活的一个方面,人们对生活的要求是多侧面的 ” , “衣食无忧 ”:直译是 not having to worry about ,但往下就接不上了,还不如从正面切入,译成 supply of provisions and clothing为好。 “多侧面的 ”可以直译为 “manysided”。 2 “ ,文明程度越高,人们的心理需求就越高。 ”表达上,中文多为散句,结
22、构松散,此句就是一个例子。但英语表达恰恰相反,所以在翻此句时,我们应适当断句所以此句和前面一句断开翻译 3 心理需求:泽为 “psychological aspiration”。 4 “越 越 ” 可翻译成 “moremore” 的句型,翻译时,我们通常会译为 The higher is the civilizatio n, the higher is mans psychological aspiration ”,但为了抓住阅卷老师的眼球,我们可以适当省略,泽成 “Higher the civilization, higher is ”。 5 “尤其是老年人,他们和青年人一样, 他们要在生命
23、的最后一个阶段活得更加舒心,活得更有色彩。 ”在翻译这两个句子时,我们要重新断合句,将句子重新组合为三句。组合后的句子为: “尤其是老年人 ”为一句, “他们和青年人一样 成就感的需要 ”为一句, “更何况他们已经走过了生命的 大部分历程 活得更有色彩 ”为一句。 6 “他们和青年人一样 成就感的需要 ”,原句使用排比,那翻译时也使用 “the need of”的排比句式。 7 娱乐的需要: “the need of recreation and amusement”。 8 成就感的需要:成就感一般译为 sense of achievement,但这里既已使用 “the need of”的句式
24、,如若泽为 “the need of sense of achievement”就显累赘了,若把成就感泽为 accomplishment,前后文更为一致。故成就感的需要可译为 “the need of accomplishment”。 9 走过了生命的大部分历程 : “走过 ”译为 “traverse”, “traverse”有 “穿过、横贯 ”的意思。 10 “他们要在生命的最后一个阶段活得更加舒心,活得更有色彩。 ”生命的最后一个阶段,只需译为 “in their remaining years”,此处译者为了强调,增译了“unwilling to leave behind too man
25、y regrets”。 11 “活得更有色彩 ”:意译为 “substantial”, “substantial”有 “内容充实的,实质的 ”意思。比 “colorful”更能体现老年人生活的充实。 12 “在维也纳的日子里 ”:不要译为 “when I am in Vienna”,更为地道的表达是“during my stay in Vienna”。 13 “我们见到的老年人,好像都生活得有滋有昧的。 ”这里 “生活得有滋有昧 ”可以意译为 “enjoy ones lives enormously”。 14 “我常常会被他们所感染。 ”:感染不能译成 “be infected by”, in
26、fect表达的是传染病的感染。 contagious表示 “有感染力的 ”,如 contagious laughter。全句译为: “Contagiously, I couldnt help admiring them for their positive attitude toward life, especially their optimism ”。 15语言不通:即为语言障碍,故译为 “language barrier”。 16 “深入地交流 ”:译为 “go deep into the conversation”。 17 “白描似地 ”:自描即素描,可以译为 “in sketch f
27、orms”。 18 “因为我们语言不通 白描似地记录下来。 ”此处应断为两句翻译。全句译为: “Because of the language barrier I could not go deep into our conversation So all I could do is record what I saw then and there in sketch forms ”。 【知 识模块】 生活类汉译英 3 【正确答案】 Tea, a national beverage, originally produced in China. The Chinese have a good c
28、ommand of tea art as well as being the most discriminating in the way tea is made and served. Drinking tea, a long-established custom popular with the Chinese people, is closely related to their life in a myriad of ways. It can not only refresh the mind but also add a poetic quality to life. The tea
29、-drinking tradition from the Ming and Qing dynasties, which featured light infused tea, has been inherited in most of China. But people from different areas take a fancy to different teas. Liu Zhenliang, a tea master of the Tang Dynasty, once put up with the theory of “ten virtues“ of tea: Tea is ta
30、sty; tea can support good health; tea can remote malodorous odors; tea can prevent the attack of diseases; tea can gather energy in the human body; tea can relieve depression and negative thoughts; tea can enhance etiquette; tea can convey respect; tea can captive to your wishes; tea can uphold just
31、ice. 【试题解析】 在茶叶的故乡中国,饮茶是一种普遍的习惯。几千年以来,茶一直是中国人最喜欢的饮品。因为饮茶的风俗不同,甚至影响了各地不同的民风。茶,是中国人民对世界的重要贡献。 1 “是 的故乡 ”: originally produced in 。 2 “国饮 ”: a national beverage。 3 “最讲究饮茶艺术 ”: the most discriminating in the way tea is made and setred。 4 “长期风行的习惯 ”: a long-established custom。 5 “与 有千丝万缕的联系 ”: be closely
32、 related toin a myriad ofways 。 6 “清心悦神 ”: refresh the mind。 7 “使人感受到一种人生的诗意 ”: add a poetic quality to life。 8 “冲泡茶 ”:译为 “infused tea”。 9 “以茶利礼仁 ”:近乎于 “以茶促礼节 ”,故译为 enhance etiquette。 10 “以茶可雅心 ”:近乎于 “以茶顺心意 ”,故 译为 captive to your wishes。选用英语中的固定词组,意思为 “依自己的心愿 ”。 11 “以茶可行道 ”: tea can uphold justice。 【知识模块】 生活类汉译英
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