[外语类试卷]专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷4及答案与解析.doc

1、专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 To begin with, the people must have faith in the media for them to bring up problems and issues in the belief that when their concerns are highlighted in the press, the authorities will remed

2、y the situation. This is evidence of the credibility that the press enjoys among the people. Similarly, the government, well aware of the influence newspapers have over its readers, pays close attention to reports, comments and views in the press. And ministries or departments will investigate and d

3、eal with problems that come under their purview in a speedy manner. This shows that the government respects the media and believes the concerns expressed by the man in the street are genuine. It is the duty of the media to keep the people informed of government policies and major events as well as p

4、rovide accurate feedback to the government on the problems and hardships the people face. The media acts as a bridge between the government and the people and should seek to make each aware of the concerns of the other and establish an effective channel of communication between them. This is also th

5、e process by which the media develops its credibility. 2 Nearly one in five U.S. workers claims to be in excellent health despite being overweight, smoking, drinking too much or never exercising, according to a newly published survey. In the nationwide study of 1,450 employed adults released by Oxfo

6、rd Health Plans Inc., 17 percent described their health as excellent but displayed not-so-excellent habits. Of those people, 55 percent said they were at least 25 pounds (11 kg) overweight, 31 percent smoked, 21 percent drank at least three glasses of alcohol a day, 29 percent drank at least four cu

7、ps of coffee or tea, and 36 percent never exercised, it said. In addition, a quarter of them said they were likely to eat fried foods and salty or sugary snacks. The study also showed people with healthier habits such as frequent exercise and good diet are most motivated at work, ranking 8.9 on a 10

8、-point scale, and most useful on the job, scoring 9 on a 10-point scale. Those with the healthiest habits were the least likely to lose sleep over their jobs and least likely to miss personal or family activities due to work. Of those workers with the most bad habits, 37 percent said they sat at the

9、ir desks all day, 41 percent took no breaks at work and 18 percent were most likely to lose sleep. 3 It is research that is guaranteed to delight men and infuriate the women in their lives. A controversial new study has claimed that men really are more intelligent than women. The study concluded tha

10、t mens IQs are almost four points higher than womens. British-born researcher John Philippe Rushton, who previously created a furor by suggesting intelligence is influenced by race, says the finding could explain why so few women make it to the top in the workplace. He claims the “glass ceiling“ phe

11、nomenon is probably due to inferior intelligence, rather than discrimination or lack of opportunity. The University of Western Ontario psychologist reached his conclusion after scrutinizing the results of university aptitude tests taken by 100,000 students aged 17 and 18 of both sexes. A focus on fa

12、ctors such as the ability to quickly grasp a complex concept, verbal reasoning skills and creativitysome of the key ingredients of intelligencerevealed the male teenagers had IQs that were an average of 3.63 points higher. The average person has an IQ of around 100. The findings, which held true for

13、 all classes and levels of parental education, overturn a 100 year consensus that men and women average the same in general mental ability. They also conflict with evidence that girls do better in school exams than boys. But Prof. Rushton argues that the faster maturing of girls leads to them outshi

14、ning boys in the classroom. 4 If it were a country, California would be one with more people than Canada and an economy the size of Chinas. Its scientists shoot, with their rockets, for the moon; its films spread Hollywoods culture around the globe; its athletes break world records; even its wines n

15、ow rank with the best of Frances. Somehow, it is always at the cutting edge, be it in the flower-power days of the 1960s or the dotcom boom of the 1990s. As Kevin Starr points out in his history of the state, California has long been “one of the prisms through which the American people, for better a

16、nd for worse, could glimpse their future“. Mr. Starr is too good a historian to offer any pat explanation; instead, he concentrates on the extraordinary array of people and events that have led from the mythical land of Queen Calafia, through the rule of Spain and Mexico, and on to the governorship

17、of Arnold Schwarzenegger. Moreover, he does so with such elegance and humor that his book is a joy to read. What emerges is not all Californian sunshine and light. Think back to the savage violence that accompanied the 1849 Gold Rush; or to the exclusion orders against the Chinese; or to the riots t

18、hat regularly marked industrial and social relations in San Francisco. California, it should be remembered, was very much the wild west, having to wait until 1850 before it could force its way to statehood. 5 Middle-income families can expect to spend 204,060 dollars on feeding, housing and schoolin

19、g a child born in 2007 until his or her 18th birthday, the US government reported on Monday. Child care and education costs will represent a larger share of costs for raising the 07 baby through adulthood than they have in the past, the Agriculture Department said in an annual study on child-rearing

20、 costs. “The cost of providing food decreased from 24 percent to 17 percent of total child-rearing costs, while child care and education expenses increased from 2 percent to 12 percent,“ the department said. Housing will be the single largest cost for U.S. families-making up 33 to 27 percent of tota

21、l expenses across income groups, USDA said. Factoring in inflation, the grand total for middle-income families comes to 269,040 dollars, USDA said. Total costs also include transportation, health care, and other necessities. Child-rearing costs have soared since USDA began conducting its annual stud

22、y in 1960, and can vary dramatically according to a familys income. 专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷 4答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 与此相似，政府则因清楚了解报纸在读者中的影响力，会密切关注媒体上出现的相关报道、评论和看法，一旦出现问题，相关部门就会迅速查证处理。这是政府尊重媒体权威性、相信民众言论真实性的体现。 媒体有责任向民众传达政府的各项政策法规，让他们了解

23、发生的重大事件，同时也应如实把民生疾苦反映给政府。媒体作为政府与民众之间的桥梁，既要做到上情下达，也要做到下情上传，在政府与民众之间建立有效的沟通渠道，由此来树立媒体公信力。 【试题解析】 1、本段围绕媒体公信力展开论述，语言正式，正确理解和翻译专用词语是做好本篇 翻译的关键。 2、首段第 2句的 problems that come under their purview意为 problems that come withinthe limits of their knowledge or activity(归入他们管辖范围的问题 )，意译为“一旦出现问题 ”。 3、首段末句 This sh

24、ows that转译为汉语句式 “这是 的体现 ”；翻译respects the media时增译 “权威性 ”一词，并将 believes the concerns expressed by the man in the streetare genuine意译为 “相信民众言论的真实性 ”，使译文结构对称； the man in the street是固定搭配，意为 “普通人，一般人 ”。 4、末段末句在语义上与倒数第 2句密切相关，故可将其译入倒数第 2句。credibility可译为 “公信力 ”、 “可信度 ”或 “信誉 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 一项最新公布的调查

25、显示，近 1 5的美国雇员声称自己非常健康，尽管他们体重超标、抽烟、酗酒或者从不锻炼身体。这项由牛津健康计划公司公布 的全国性调查涉及 1450位在职成人，其中 17的人将自己的健康状况描述为“完美 ”，但同时暴露出了 “不那么完美的 ”生活习惯。调查显示，这些人当中， 55的人说自己至少超重 25磅 (11公斤 )， 31的人吸烟， 21的人每天至少喝 3杯酒， 29的人每天至少喝 4杯咖啡或茶， 36的人从不锻炼身体。此外， 1 4的人说他们可能会吃各种煎炸食品以及过咸或较甜的点心。 调查还显示那些生活习惯比较健康 比如经常锻炼身体和膳食结构合理 的人，工作表现最为积极，工作中发挥的作用也

26、最大，在 10分制的评分表上他们这两项 的得分分别为 8 9分和 9分。 【试题解析】 1、本段是新闻英语，使用恰当的汉语新闻语言句式和表达方式，准确传达原文信息内容是做好本篇翻译的关键。 2、首段第 1句的 according to 在译文中置于句首，这是因为汉语中陈述某种消息时一般要先说信息源。 one in five为英语中分数的一种表达方式，也可用 one fifth。 3、首段第 2句的 excellent和 not-so-excellent表示对比，译文要注意突出这种对比的效果。 4、首段第 3句句末的 it said为插入语，译文根据汉语习惯将其提 到句首。overweight是

27、形容词，意为 “超重的 ”， 25 pounds(11kg)修饰 overweight，表示程度。 5、首段末句的 foods用复数，表示种类，故应将 fried foods译为 “各种煎炸食品 ”； snacks意为 “正餐外吃的小食品 ”，常译为 “点心，小吃 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 他说，职场中存在 “玻璃天花板 ”现象，可能并不是由于性别歧视或缺少机会，而是由于女性智商不及男性。 这位西安大略大学的心理学家在仔细研究了 10万名学生参加的大学能力倾向测试 的结果后得出了这一结论，这些参加测试的学生年龄在 17至 18岁之间，既有男生也有女生。此项研究着重考察学生快

28、速理解复杂概念的能力、语言推理能力和创造力等几项智力指标，结果发现，男生的智商平均高出 3 63分。普通人的智商水平在 100分左右。这项研究结果适用于各个社会阶层，父母的受教育水平对此也没有影响，它推翻了一百年来人们普遍持有的男女智力相当的观点。此外，此研究结果还与女孩的考试成绩总比男孩好的事实相矛盾，但鲁什顿教授说，女孩比男孩学习好是因为女孩比男孩成熟得早。 【试题解析】 1、男女智商有别，本段文 字将此研究结果予以证明，准确翻译包括数字在内的原文信息，是做好本篇翻译的关键。 2、首段首句的 “glass ceiling”phenomenon通常指女性在工作中遇到的使她们不能升职到高层的无

29、形障碍，这里直译为 “玻璃天花板现象 ”，如欲使意思更加明白，不妨译为 “妨碍女性升迁的 玻璃天花板 现象 ”。 3、 末段第 2句的 A focus on 译为 “着重考察 ” ，名词短语转换成动词短语，这是翻译中常见的现象，再如： A phone call to Beijing discovered that he was an American (打了个电话到北京，结果发现他是美国人 )。 verbal reasoning skills中， verbal意指 “语言的 ”。 4、末段第 4句的 held true for all classes and levels of parenta

30、l education意译为“父母的受教育水平对此也没有 影响 ”，正话反说，还多了一层递进意义。 5、末段最后两句在逻辑上紧密相关，故译为一句话。末句的 them outshining boys in theclassroom为动名词短语，其中 outshine意为 “胜过，使 相形见绌 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 如果加利福尼亚是一个国家，那么它将是一个人口超过加拿大、经济规模与中国相当的强国。它的科学家们将火箭发射到了月球，它的电影将好莱坞文化传播到全世界，它的运动健儿打破了世界纪录，甚至它出产的美酒现在都可以与法国的顶级佳酿并驾齐 驱了。不知何故，加州总是处在风口浪尖

31、，不管是在 20世纪 60年代的 “嬉皮士运动 ”中，还是在 90年代的互联网经济热潮里。正如凯文 ?斯塔在他为加州撰写的历史中所指出的那样，长期以来， “加州一直像一个棱镜，透过它，美国人可以瞥见自己的未来，无论好坏。 ” 作为优秀的历史学家，斯塔先生对这一说法不会急于做出解释，相反，他将笔墨集中在那些特别的历史事件和人物的叙述和描写上：从黑人女王加利菲娅管辖下的这块神奇土地开始，到西班牙和墨西哥人的统治，再到今天阿诺德 ?施瓦辛格治理下的州政府。 【试题解析】 1、本段语 言生动，句式及用词都比较典雅，透彻理解原文，处理好富有时代特征和文化内涵的词语对译好本段文字非常重要。 2、首段第 1

32、句的 If it were a country， California would be one是虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的一种假设，从句中 be动词通常用 were。 3、首段第 2句中四个分句构成排比结构，突出了表达效果，译文中同样需要使用排比结构，以保持原文排比修辞格所构成的语势。 4、首段第 3句后半句结构为 “be+主语 +表语 +or+表语 ”相当于whether or引导的让步 状语从句，例如： Be he friend or enemy， the law regards him as a criminal (不管他是朋友还是敌人，根据法律他是个罪犯。 )flower-po

33、wer days of the 1960s译为 “20世纪 60年代的 嬉皮士运动 ”，其中flower power通常译为 “权力归花儿 ”，系 20世纪 60年代美国嬉皮士使用的口号，主张通过爱情和非暴力实现社会改革； the dotcomboom of the 1990s中， boom意为 “经济的繁荣昌盛 ”。 5、首段末句中， prism意为 “棱镜 ”；习语 for better and for worse意为 “无论好坏，不管结果如何 ”，为副词短语作状语，修饰整个定语从句。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 美国政府本周一称，对于美国中等收入家庭而言，抚养一个2007年出

34、生的孩子至 18周岁，预计需要在食物、住房和教育方面支出 20 406万美元。 农业部在其儿童养育成本年度调查报告中说，与过去相比，要将一个 07年出生的孩子抚养成人，其保育和教育开支在总支出中所占的比重增大。该部门称： “食物成本在子女养育总成 本中所占的比重从 24下降至 17，而保育和教育支出则从 2上升到了 12。 ” 据美国农业部 (USDA)介绍，住房支出将成为美国家庭最大的单笔开销 占各收入阶层家庭总支出的 33至 27不等。 USDA称，如将通胀因素考虑进去，将一个 07年出生的孩子抚养成人，中等收入家庭共需花费 26 904万美元，这其中当然包括交通费、医疗费和其他必需开支。

35、 【试题解析】 1、本段文字主要提供资讯 (informative)，语言正式，语气客观，翻译时需注意传达其平实的风格，灵活运用各种翻译技巧处理好长句。 2、英语主语常可 “转译 ”为汉语话题，第 1段第 1句的 Middle-income families可译为 “对于美国中等收入家庭而言 ”，这样更利于译文意义的表达和语句的组织。 3、第 2段第 2句共使用了 4个百分比数字，故译文增译 “所占的比重 ”，以增加句子的前后连贯性。 4、英译汉中缩写形式首次出现时需译出具体意义，其后则可在译文中使用缩写形式，也可沿用首出的译文。例如， USDA首次译为 “美国农业部 ”，其后可用USDA，也可用 “美国农业部 ”。 5、第 3段第 2句的现在分词短语 Factoring in inflation表 示假设，意为 “将 考虑在内 ”，译文用 “如果 ”明示暗含的逻辑语义； grand total意为 “总数之和 ”，这里根据上下文译为 “将一个 07年出生的孩子抚养成人，共需花费 ” ，使意义更具体。 【知识模块】 英译汉