[外语类试卷]专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷67及答案与解析.doc

1、专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷 67及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 Confidence is the personal possession of no one; the person who has it learns it and goes on learning. The most gifted individual on earth has to construct confidence in his gifts from the b

2、asis of faith and experience, like anybody else. The tools will differ from one person to the next, but the essential task is the same. Confidence and pose are available to us all according to our abilities and needs not somebody elses provided we utilize our gifts and expand them. One of the most r

3、ewarding aspects of confidence is that it sits gracefully on every age and level of life on children, men, women, the famous, the obscure, rich, poor, artist, executive, teenagers, the very old. And you can take it with you into old age. There is nothing more inspiring than an old person who maintai

4、ns his good will, humor, and faith in himself, in others, in the future. Conversely, the root cause of old peoples despair is a feeling of not being wanted, of nothing to contribute, no more to conquer and become. 2 Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these

5、 is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. Ones thoughts must be directed to the future and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; ones own past is gradually

6、increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and ones mind keener. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true. The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor

7、 from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in

8、them, but ones interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult. 3 The art of pleasing is a ver

9、y necessary one to possess; but a very difficult one to acquire. It can hardly be reduced to rules; and your own good sense and observation will teach you more of it than I can. Do as you would be done by, is the surest method that I know of pleasing. Observe carefully what pleases you in others, an

10、d probably the same things in you will please others. If you are pleased with the complaisance and attention of others to your humors, your tastes, or your weaknesses, depend upon it, the same complaisance and attention, on your part, to theirs, will equally please them. Take the tone of the company

11、, that you are in, and do not pretend to give it; be serious, gay, or even trifling, as you find the present humor of the company; this is an attention due from every individual to the majority. Do not tell stories in company; there is nothing more tedious and disagreeable; if by chance you know a v

12、ery short story, and exceedingly applicable to the present subject of conversation, tell it in as few words as possible, and even then, throw out that you do not love to tell stories, but that the shortness of it tempted you. 4 The philosophy of the Cyrenaic school, founded by Aristippus, proceeds o

13、n the assumption that happiness is, in point of fact, the good, the supreme good, or chief end of man; and this assumption, so far from being discountenanced by the philosophy of Socrates, is involved in that philosophy as one of its most vital principles. Viewed as a matter of fact, we must admit t

14、hat his own happiness, whatever it may consist in, or whatever may be the means to be employed in the attainment, is the end which each individual has most at heart, and at which he ultimately aims. This is the end after which all men most eagerly strive. Happiness is the goal, which, consciously or

15、 unconsciously, we are all struggling to reach. Milton has written two epic poems in which he commemorates our fallen and our restored condition. He has written Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. But the true epic of humanity the epic which is in a constant course of evolution from the beginning u

16、ntil the end of time, the epic which is daily poured forth from the heart of the whole human race, sometimes in rejoicing paeans, but oftener amid woeful lamentation, tears, and disappointed hopes what is it but Paradise sought for? 5 Once a circle missed a wedge. The circle wanted to be whole, so i

17、t went around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete and therefore could roll only very slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine. It found lots of different pieces, but none of them fit. So it left them all by the side of the

18、road and kept on searching. Then one day the circle found a piece that fit perfectly. It was so happy. Now it could be whole, with nothing missing. It incorporated the missing piece into itself and began to roll. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice flowers o

19、r talk to the worms. When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled so quickly, it stopped, left its found piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away. The lesson of the story, I suggested, was that in some strange sense we are more whole when we are missing something. The m

20、an who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to yearn, to hope, to nourish his soul with the dream of something better. He will never know the experience of having someone who loves him give him something he has always wanted or never had. There is a wholen

21、ess about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and not feel like a failure for doing so. There is a wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive, wh

22、o can lose someone and still feel like a complete person. 专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷 67答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 自信不是任何人的私有财产，自信的人学会了自信，并将继续学习下去。世界上最有天赋的人也需要在信仰和经验的基础上培养自己的自信心，这一点和其他任何人一样。人们使用的工具有所不同，但要完成的本质任务却没有分别。根据每个 人自身 (而非他人的 )的能力和需要，

23、只要能够使用并拓展自己的天赋，我们都能拥有自信心及相应的精神状态。拥有自信心最有益的方面之一在于这种自信可以展现在人生的各个阶段和层次上，对孩子、男人、女人、名人、凡人、富人、穷人、艺术家、总经理、青少年、垂垂老者都是一样。当你步入老年时，你仍可心怀自信。没有什么比这样一个老人更能鼓舞人心的了，他对自己、对他人、对未来心存善意，他风趣幽默，他满怀自信。相反地，老人绝望的根源就在于他们感到自己不被需要，无法做出贡献，不能再有所建树。 【试题解析】 1第二句中的 construct本义为 “建筑，建造 (某物 )”，此处可意译为 “培养 ”。 2第四句较长且结构复杂，翻译时需调整语序。可先翻译介词

24、短语及插入语成分，再翻译从句，最后翻译主句。本句中的 pose指 “心理状态，精神状态 ”。 3第五句中 sits on的本义指 “(使 )坐在 之上 ”，此处可灵活翻译为 “展现 ”。 4第七句中出现了定语从句、比较级及双重否定结构，翻译时应注意准确理解原文。该句较长，翻译时可先译主句，然后连用三个 “他 ”组成排比句，以说明 “给人以鼓舞的老年人 ”所应具有的特点。 5翻译最后一句中的 no more to conquer and become时可化实为虚，意译成 “不能再有所建树 ”，不需要翻译出 conquer和 become的具体含义。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 人的思

25、想必须朝着未来，朝着可有作为之事。要做到这一点并非易事，因为过往的岁月在我们肩上逐日加重着分量。与现时相较，人总是自觉往日情感更加充沛，头脑更加敏锐。倘若真是如此，那就不要去想它，而如果可以不去想它，那这想法本身也就不会真有道理。 另一件要避免的事就是抓住年轻人不放，希望从他们的勃勃生机中汲取力量。当子女 们长大成人之后，他们就想拥有自己的生活，如果这时做父母的还像他们年幼时那样关心他们，那么除非子女们麻木异常，否则这样的关心即形同负担。我不是主张父母不应该关心子女，而是建议父母从思想上去关心，如果有能力的话从经济上去扶持，而不是过分地在感情上去关心。动物的幼崽一旦自立，成年的动物就不再给予关

26、怀；但是人类，由于幼年时期较长，很难做到这一点。 【试题解析】 1画线部分第一段第一句中， things about which there is something to be done是一个包含定语从句的名词性 短语，译作 “可有作为之事 ”。 2画线部分第一段最后一句中，需注意确定句中 it的指代对象，它指的是上一句中由 that引导的同位语从句。翻译 it should be forgotten时，我们可以正话反说，使译文更为通顺，不译作 “那就该忘掉它 ”，而译为 “那就不要去想它 ”。 3画线部分第二段第一句中的 clinging to youth，此处 clinging不是与 i

27、s构成现在进行式，而是分词作表语，用来说明 The other thing。 clinging to的意思是 “紧握不放 ”，因此本句前半段译为 “另一件应当 避免的事是抓住年轻人不放 ”。 4画线部分第二段第三句中， contemplative， philanthropic和 emotional三个词同时修饰 interest，本义分别是 “好沉思的 ”“乐善好施的 ”和 “情感的 ”。根据汉语的习惯，这三个词翻译时要进行灵活处理，从形容词作表语演变为句子中的状语，分别译作 “从思想上 ”“从经济上 ”和 “在感情上 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 己所不欲，勿施于人，据我所知

28、这是取悦人的最稳妥的方法。仔细观察别人是如何取悦你的，你这样去做很可能也会令别人感 到愉悦。假如别人关注你的情绪或是尊重你的喜好会让你感到愉快，那么同样，关注他人的情绪或是尊重他人的喜好保证也会让他们感到愉快。要融入到你周围的氛围中去，而不要假装去营造某种气氛；气氛是严肃，是欢快，还是随意，要取决于你周围人的情绪：当然这一点是每个人都要注意的，要去顺应多数人的情绪。和大家在一起时不要讲故事，因为再没有比这更乏味更惹人厌烦的了。如果你碰巧知道一个很短的故事，而且与谈话主题特别切合，那么就尽可能用简短的话来讲。即便如此，也不要表现出你很爱讲故事，而是仅仅因为这个故事很简短，你才脱口而出的。 【试题

29、解析】 1画线部分第一句比较简单，按照汉语表达方式调整语序和语态即可。 2画线部分第二句中， what pleases you in others译为 “别人如何取悦你的 ”更符合汉语表达习惯。 3画线部分第三句稍长，采取顺译法即可。 depend upon it是典型的口语习惯用法，意为 “那么同样 ”。在 the complaisance and attention of others to your humors， your tastes， or yourweaknesses一句中， humors指的是 “人的心情或情绪 ”，而 tastes和 weaknesses是近义词，指的是 “人

30、的喜好或偏爱 ”，因此该句可翻译为 “关注你的情绪，尊重你的喜好 ”。 4画线部分第四句话中， Take the tone of the company意为 “融入到周围的氛围中 ”，此句中的 tone与 humor是同义词。翻译 this is an attention due from every individual to the majority一句时，可根据汉语表达习惯译为两个小分句。 5最后一句话句子较长，根据语义可以分为三个部分，第 一个意群在第二个分号处，第二个意群在 and even then之前。根据上下文， but that the shortness of it tem

31、pted you可以翻译为 “仅仅因为这个故事很简短，你才脱口而出的 ”， tempted在这里是指 “使人很想做某事 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 事实上，我们必须承认，不论幸福的本质特征是什么，或者获得幸福的手段如何，幸福是每个人心中最重视的目的，也是其最终追求的目标。它是所有人最渴望实现的目标。不论是否有意为之，幸福都是我们所有人努力去 实现的目标。弥尔顿写了两部史诗，描述了我们从伊甸园堕落以及重返伊甸园的情景。这两部史诗就是失乐园和复乐园。但真正的人类史诗 从时间的开始到时间的结束一直处于发展过程的史诗，全人类日复一日发自内心的史诗，有时是欢乐的赞歌，但更多时候是悲伤、

32、眼泪和失望 除了我们所追求的乐园还能是什么呢 ? 【试题解析】 1画线部分第一句中的 his指的是 each individual。 in the attainment后面省略了 of the happiness，因此应译为 “获得幸福 ”。 2画线部分第二句中的 strive译为 “实现目标 ”。 3画线部分第三句在翻译时应当把 which引导的定语从句中的插入语提前。 4画线部分第四句中的 commemorates根据上下文应译为 “描述 ”。其中， fallen指的是 “人类犯罪堕落 ”，而 restored指的是 “人类重返伊甸园 ”。 5画线部分第五句中提到了弥尔顿 (Milton)

33、的两部代表作： Paradise Lost(失乐园 )和 Paradise Regained(复乐园 )。 6画线部分最后一句破折号中间部分都是 epic的同位语，解释了什么是真正的人类史诗，因此翻译 时可以保留原句句式，以破折号来连接即可。句中的 Paradise根据上文应译为 “乐园 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 我认为这个故事告诉我们：从某种奇妙的意义上讲，当我们缺少某些东西时，我们的人生反而更加完整。一个拥有一切的人其实在某些方面是个穷人。他永远体会不到渴望、期待以及用美好的梦想滋养灵魂是一种怎样的感觉。他也永远不会有这样一种体验 从一个爱他的人那里获得某种梦寐以求或从

34、未拥有过的东西。 人生的完整性在于知道如何面对自身的种种缺陷，如何勇敢地摒弃不现实的幻想且不 因此而抱憾。人生的完整性还在于学会坚强面对人生悲剧并继续生存，能够在失去亲人后依然保持完整的自我。 【试题解析】 1画线部分第一段第一句中的 suggested，此处引申为 “认为 ”。 2画线部分第一段第三句中的 yearn指 “渴望 ”； the dream of something better可译为 “美好的梦想 ”，若直译为 “对更好事物的梦想 ”则显得呆板。 3画线部分第一段最后一句在翻译时可在介词 of处断开，把 of后面的动名词短语译为一个句子，使译文符合汉语多短句的特点。 4画线部分第二段由两个并列的 长句子组成，可采用顺译法来翻译。 5画线部分第二段第一句中的 come to terms with意为 “与 达成妥协 ”； let go of指 “释放，放开 ”。 6画线部分第二段最后一句中的 go through指 “经历，经受 ”； still feel like a complete person可译为 “仍然保持完整的自我 ”，也可以正说反译为 “仍不失完整的自我 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉