[外语类试卷]专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷81及答案与解析.doc

1、专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 81及答案与解析 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)Tha

2、t is a lesson Scott Spector, 15, learned the hard way, when his phone started blasting his “American Idol Theme“ ringtone as he was pretending to talk into it in the hall at school last month. (2)“I felt like such a dork,“ said Scott, of Buffalo Grove, III. (3)Dr. Katz of Rutgers said the practice f

3、irst drew his attention when students in focus groups he had organized to study a wide range of cellphone use began mentioning it, unprompted. (4)The habit, Dr. Katz said, is the latest technological twist in a culture that has long embraced various forms of dissembling in the name of image, from de

4、signer knockoff handbags to plastic surgery. Some fakers admit to programming their phones to call them at a certain time to show off their ring tones; others wrap up make-believe Hollywood deals in front of people they want to impress. (5)And phantom callers are often simply trying to cope with soc

5、ial anxiety by showing that they have someone to call, even if they dont. One of Dr. Katzs students said she pretended to use her cellphone when she was out with a group of other college-age women who were all on theirs. Another did it to escape from a fancy boutique where the prices were beyond her

6、 means without speaking to a salesperson. (6)In that sense fake callers may not be so different from a lot of real callers, who are always partly performing for others even as they appear to withdraw into their own private space in public. (7)“The cellphone allows people to show strangers that they

7、belong, that they are part of a community somewhere,“ said Christine Rosen, who studies the social impact of technology at the Ethics and Public Policy Center in Washington. “Whether or not its a fictional call, on some level thats why were doing it.“ (8)But the surfeit of counterfeit calls undersco

8、res the lengths to which people feel compelled to go to project an image for others. Sometimes the impulse is almost subconscious. (9)Mark Konchar, a network administrator in Canton, Ohio, had just hung up after sitting in his parked car behind a strip mall talking to a friend one afternoon, when he

9、 saw people emerging from the employees entrance to one of the stores. Quickly, he put the phone back up to his ear and pretended to talk. (10)“I guess I thought people might wonder why youre sitting out there in your car; it might look strange,“ said Mr. Konchar, 33. “Its one of those things where

10、after the situation happens youre wondering, Why did I do that?“ (11)Many women rely on fake cell phone calls when they fear for their physical safety. Yessenia Morales, 21, said she recently called a non-existent friend while being followed by a group of men on a train platform. (12)“I11 see you in

11、 a few minutes,“ she promised the ether. (13)But fake calls are often made by people trying to preserve a more psychological remove. Mike Lupi-ani uses his impersonation of someone on the phone to ignore his chatty next-door neighbors. “They ask how your day is going and stuff,“ said Mr. Lupiani, of

12、 Rochester. “I dont really have time for it.“ (14)Christina Rohall, 29, said she pretends to use the phone to avoid getting hit on. “I feel awkward just rejecting people,“ said Ms. Rohall, of San Francisco. (15)How well the fake call works is one of its most appealing qualities, and a testament to h

13、ow much respect people automatically grant to a cellphone force field. Bartosz Sitarski, 24, said he once pretended to be on a cellphone call for a full 15 minutes when someone he didnt want to speak to was waiting to talk to him at a Milwaukee coffee shop. The other person finally left rather than

14、interrupt the “call.“ (16)Even security guards seem to respect the cellphone buffer, said Michael McEachern, 16, of San Diego, who has found the fake call a useful way to get to the club level at a Padres game when he doesnt have a pass. Some frequent fakers worry that the wireless charade will be h

15、arder to pull off once more people begin to suspect it. (17)But that will not deter Adam Hecht, a radiologist in Berkeley Heights, N.J., whose wife said she is often mortified by his cellphone humor. Mr. Hecht, 40, reserves his fake phoning for places with no reception, like the Tiffanys at the Shor

16、t Hills, N.J., mall, where cellphones have apparently been rendered unusable to preserve the ambiance: “I usually go through a long medical scenario,“ he said, “that doesnt exist.“ 1 According to the passage, which of the following statements about the fake cell phone calls is INCORRECT? （ A） Fake c

17、alls can help women callers defend their physical safety. （ B） Fake calls sometimes can relieve peoples anxiety in social communication. （ C） Fake callers are always granted enough respect rather than suspicion. （ D） Fake callers try to keep a psychological distance from others. 2 In what sense are

18、fake callers not so different from real callers? （ A） Both real and fake calls serve the function of social interaction. （ B） Both real and fake calls require performance skills in public. （ C） Both real and fake callers are really talking to someone, real or imaginary. （ D） Both real and fake calle

19、rs want to show they are not alone. 3 According to the passage, which categorization of characters is different from others? （ A） Bartosz Sitarski the priests; the nobles; the middle class of scribes, merchants, artisans, and farmers; and the serfs. During the Empire a sixth class, the professional

20、soldiers, was added, ranking immediately below the nobles. Thousands of slaves were captured in this period also, and these formed for a time a seventh class. The position of the various ranks of the society shifted from time to time. In the old kingdom the nobles and priests among all of the Pharao

21、hs subjects held the supremacy. During the Middle Kingdom the classes of commoners came into their own. Scribes, merchants, artisans, and serfs rebelled against the nobles and wrested concessions from the government. Particularly impressive is the dominant role played by the merchants and industrial

22、ists in this period. The establishment of the Empire accompanied, as it was by the extension of government functions, resulted in the ascendancy of new nobility, made up primarily of bureaucrats. The priests also waxed in power with the growth of magic and superstition. (3)The gulf that separated th

23、e standards of living of the upper and lower classes of Egypt was perhaps even wider than it is today in Europe and America. The wealthy noble lived in splendid villas that opened into fragrant gardens and shady groves. Their food had all the richness and variety of sundry kinds of meat, poultry, ca

24、kes, fruit, wine, beer, and sweets. They are from vessels of alabaster, gold, and silver, and adorned their persons with expensive fabrics and costly jewels. By contrast, the life of the poor was wretched indeed. The labors in the towns inhabited congested slums composed of mud-brick hovels with roo

25、fs of thatch. Their only furnishings were stools and boxes and a few crude pottery jars. The peasants on the great estates enjoyed a less crowded but no more abundant life. (4)The basic social unit among the Egyptians was the monogamous family. No man, not even the Pharaoh, could have more than one

26、lawful wife. Concubinage, however, was a socially reputable institution. Women occupied an unusually enviable status. Wives were not secluded, and there is no record of any divorce. Women could own and inherit property and engage in business. Almost along among Oriental peoples the Egyptians permitt

27、ed women to succeed to the throne. Another extraordinary social practice was close inbreeding. The ruler as son of the great sun god was required to marry his sister or some other female of his immediate family lest the divine blood be contaminated. There is evidence that many of his subjects follow

28、ed the identical custom. As yet, historians have been unable to discover any positive traces of racial degeneration produces by this practice, probably for the reason that the Egyptian stock was genetically sound to begin with. (5)The educational system of this ancient people was about what one woul

29、d expect in a highly integrated society. Attached to the treasury were a number of public schools equipped for the training of the thousands of scribes whose service were necessary in the keeping of records and accounts and in the administration of government functions. Many of them were also employ

30、ed in a private capacity by the owners of the landed estates and by the leaders of the business world. Admission to these schools was open to any promising youth regardless of class. Apparently instruction was provided free of charge by the government because of the vital need for trained men. None

31、but thoroughly utilitarian subjects had any place in the curriculum; the purpose was not education in the broader sense, but practical training. In spite of their limitations, these schools did provide for the poor but talented youth an avenue of escape from a life of hopeless drudgery. 7 We can inf

32、er from the first paragraph all the following EXCEPT _. （ A） Egypt enjoyed flexible social system （ B） every man enjoyed the same social status （ C） man could change from one social order to another （ D） a flexible caste system was developed 8 Close inbreeding was popular in Egypt during the ancient

33、 time because _. （ A） they wanted to maintain their bloods purity （ B） mere was no other ideal choices （ C） nobody knew the reasons by now （ D） it was a law during that time 9 What is the best title of this article? （ A） Ancient Egypts Educational System. （ B） Social Life in Ancient Egypt. （ C） Soci

34、al System in Ancient Egypt. （ D） Ancient Egypts Classes System. 9 (1)How is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for exam

35、ple, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, me problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing the language and conventions to the point

36、 where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in me visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has occurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But

37、we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on me actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many artists and scientist

38、s share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. The thing has to come out as the man himself sees it. (2)In this sense it is tru

39、e that it is the duty of society to create conditions in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribution, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course things are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and these indivi

40、duals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep mat he is not even aware of them. His ability to make his work public depends on the actual communication system: the l

41、anguage itself, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and me institutions through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his actual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication system outside him; it is also, however original he

42、 may be, a communication system which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this kind of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, mat they first show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear

43、, in me process of almost endless testing mat active composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of putting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds. (3)In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already pre

44、sent in the act of composition. This is always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back at a period, we can see, even if we cannot explain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals had in common, in their actual work, and in wha

45、t is called their “structure of feeling“, with other individual workers of the time, and with the society of that time to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through.

46、 This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society and the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure. 10 Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by _. （ A） dependi

47、ng on shared conventions （ B） fashioning their own conventions （ C） adjusting their personal feelings （ D） elaborating a common language 11 According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the public. （ B）

48、Good contributors dont neglect the use of internal communication system. （ C） Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of society. （ D） Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings. 12 Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? （ A） Comm

49、unication depends on a common language or known conventions. （ B） Original contributors need create new conventions to communicate their precise meanings. （ C） The society need create conditions for original contributors to live in. （ D） New ways of communication by creative contributors originate from the society. SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS In this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided. 13 What does the phrase “wrap up“(4th parag