[外语类试卷]北京大学考博英语模拟试卷13及答案与解析.doc

1、北京大学考博英语模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Doctors must inform _ _ parents about the low odds of success in fertility treatments. （ A） protective （ B） respective （ C） prospective （ D） perspective 2 This is one of the methods used to try and _ to the patients that alcohol, as far as they are

2、 concerned, should be a thing of the past. （ A） get by （ B） get through （ C） get over （ D） get across 3 To be a successful criminal, one must be _. （ A） empirical （ B） emigrant （ C） elegant （ D） elusive 4 In the past 10 years,the company has gradually_all of its smaller rivals. （ A） engaged （ B） occ

3、upied （ C） monopolized （ D） absorbed 5 This can help to _ something that the students may not. have comprehended. （ A） signify （ B） specify （ C） testify （ D） clarify 6 The team s efforts to score were_by the opposing goalkeeper. （ A） frustrated （ B） prevented （ C） discouraged （ D） accomplished 7 The

4、 worlds first national park, Yellowstone National Park, was established in Wyoming in 1872 to protect an area of _ natural beauty. （ A） incredulous （ B） incredible （ C） edible （ D） believable 8 If you want to_a pleasant visit,find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your host co

5、untry. （ A） secure （ B） ensure （ C） assure （ D） restore 9 The machine needs a complete _ since it has been in use for over ten years. （ A） amending （ B） fitting （ C） mending （ D） renovating 10 Soil_is a natural process. It becomes a problem when human activity causes it to occur much faster than und

6、er natural conditions. （ A） preservation （ B） abrasion （ C） erosion （ D） eruption 11 He_his old car for a new one as soon as he had won the prize. （ A） replaced （ B） converted （ C） exchanged （ D） interchanged 12 The victims of drunken driving in America over the past decade _ an incredible 250, 000,

7、 with three killed every hour of every day on average. （ A） take up （ B） add up to （ C） count for （ D） turn out to 13 This problem should be discussed first, for it takes _ over all the other issues. （ A） precedence （ B） prosperity （ C） presumption （ D） probability 14 The police were alerted that th

8、e escaped criminal might be in the _. （ A） vain （ B） vicinity （ C） corm （ D） jail 15 AIDS is causing great public concern because the_fatal disease hits primarily young people. （ A） invariably （ B） imperatively （ C） transiently （ D） deceptively 16 Theres one girl at my school who everybody_because s

9、he doesnt wear what everybody else wears; they are horrible to her. （ A） picks out （ B） picks over （ C） picks on （ D） picks off 17 The flicker of impatience in the husbands eyes melts into bemused_as his wife asks for “just a little more time“ at the mall. （ A） resignation （ B） regradation （ C） retr

10、ial （ D） reverse 18 Many agents quit and say they are leaving because they are_and want better pay and more humane working conditions, including less travel. （ A） reverted to （ B） backed up （ C） fed up （ D） thrust in 19 I was_by their kindness and moved to tears. （ A） preoccupied （ B） embarrassed （

11、C） counseled （ D） overwhelmed 20 In his researches on _ diseases, he discovered many facts about the lungs of animals and human beings. （ A） inherited （ B） chronic （ C） infectious （ D） pulmonary 21 Such an _ act of hostility can only lead to war. （ A） overt （ B） opportunistic （ C） occadional （ D） un

12、equaled 22 Strict sanitary procedures formulated by our municipal government help to out-breaks of diseases. （ A） preview （ B） forestall （ C） ignite （ D） fluctuate 23 _ was given by the committee to all of those who donated money. （ A） Recognition （ B） Attention （ C） Tribute （ D） Acknowledgement 24

13、It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are _ free medical care. （ A） entitled to （ B） involved in （ C） associated with （ D） assigned to 25 He gave me his_that the job will be finished on time. （ A） acceptance （ B） diffidence （ C） assurance （ D） insurance 26 His pleasant ways _ me i

14、nto thinking that he was my good friend. （ A） deprived （ B） despised （ C） diverted （ D） beguiled 27 In most cases politicians are_as they seldom tell the truth. （ A） credible （ B） incredulous （ C） credulous （ D） incredible 28 As a lawyer_for his good judgment and eloquence, he is often invited to th

15、ose grand banquets and meets those distinguished people from all circles. （ A） notorious （ B） notable （ C） nasty （ D） notified 29 Fossils of A(plant) that have B(been extinct) for C(fifty million years) have been found in large deposits of amber D(near) the Baltic Sea. 30 Educational policies made_t

16、he hoof by successive secretaries of state are the main reason for low teacher morale. （ A） in （ B） on （ C） by （ D） along 二、 Cloze 30 Brazil has become one of the developing world s great successes at reducing population growth but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have mad

17、e joint efforts to【 61】 birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard. Brazil s population growth【 62】 has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960【 63】 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on aver

18、age. Martine says this【 64】 may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries. Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧 )and installment (分期付款 ) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, althoug

19、h indirect,【 65】 in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the worlds biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based【 66】 wealthy characters li

20、ving the high life in big cities. “Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values-not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working,“ says Martine “They sent this image to all parts of Brazi

21、l and【 67】 people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other【 68】 , which were put into a very attractive pack- age. “Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to【 69】 the poor to become consumers. “This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and【 70】 was incompatible(不相容的 )with un- l

22、imited reproduction,“ says Martine. （ A） increase （ B） reduce （ C） extend （ D） improve （ A） rate （ B） speed （ C） pace （ D） step （ A） on （ B） to （ C） in （ D） at （ A） amount （ B） quantity （ C） deal （ D） figure （ A） role （ B） lead （ C） virtue （ D） roll （ A） in （ B） on （ C） for （ D） with （ A） make （ B）

23、making （ C） made （ D） makes （ A） messages （ B） values （ C） ideas （ D） thoughts （ A） force （ B） obey （ C） encourage （ D） discourage （ A） relation （ B） consumption （ C） condition （ D） consideration 41 【 C2】 （ A） where （ B） that （ C） in which （ D） what 42 【 C15】 43 【 C13】 （ A） edge （ B） rim （ C） lip （

24、D） brink 43 Depending on whether you believe in principle or the art of the possible, the United Nations new proposal for the future of Western Sahara is either a betrayal or a dogged【 21】 at a settlement. It suggests that for the next four years Western Sahara should be a part of Morocco【 22】 will【

25、 23】 the Moroccan flag and【 24】 the Moroccan constitution, but at the same time it will be“ autonomous“. After four years there may-but only may-be a referendum to decide whether it stays Moroccan or becomes a separate state. Morocco invaded this comer of north-west Africa in 1975 when the old colon

26、ial power, Spain, was preparing to【 25】 out. The International Court of Justice ruled the Moroccan occupation【 26】 , and a nasty little war ensued between Morocco and an independence movement, the Polisario Front. They signed a【 27】 in 1991 ,and agreed to a vote on the future of the territory,【 28】

27、by the UN. Instead of grinding【 29】 an appeals procedure, or declaring Morocco to be in【 30】 , the UN now appears to have decided to abandon the whole exercise. The result may be virtually to hand the country【 31】 to Morocco. The new plan, drawn up by James Baker, a former American secretary of stat

28、e,【 32】that the agreed list of voters should elect an executive that will.【 33】 the countrys internal affairs for the next four years. 【 34】 ,this executive will be responsible to an assembly elected by all adults now living in the territory, most of【 35】 are pro-Moroccan. After four years the assem

29、bly will appoint a new executive. Morocco will also appoint the judges and be responsible for law and order during the transition. （ A） attempt （ B） effort （ C） try （ D） endeavor （ A） where （ B） that （ C） in which （ D） what （ A） fly （ B） be flied （ C） flying （ D） flied （ A） by （ B） in （ C） at （ D） u

30、nder （ A） drag （ B） draw （ C） pull （ D） haul （ A） legally （ B） illegally （ C） conventionally （ D） unconventionally （ A） contract （ B） peace （ C） ceasefire （ D） treaty （ A） controlled （ B） overseen （ C） supervised （ D） administrated （ A） through （ B） by （ C） in （ D） at （ A） failure （ B） default （ C）

31、irresponsibility （ D） responsibility （ A） over （ B） in （ C） down （ D） on （ A） offers （ B） advises （ C） intends （ D） proposes （ A） manipulate （ B） rule （ C） control （ D） run （ A） Moreover （ B） However （ C） Therefore （ D） Hence （ A） whom （ B） that （ C） which （ D） who 58 Flowers for the Dead Since flow

32、ers symbolize new life, it may seem inappropriate to have them at funerals. Yet people in many cultures top coffins or caskets with wreaths and garlands and put blossoms on the graves of the【 36】 . This custom is part of a widespread, long-lived pattern. Edwin Daniel Wolff speculated that floral tri

33、butes to the dead are an outgrowth of the grave goods of ancient【 37】 . In cultures that firmly believed in an【 38】 , and that believed further that the departed could enter that afterlife only【 39】 they took with them indications of their worldly status, it was a necessity to bury the dead with mat

34、erial goods: hence the wives and animals that were killed to accompany【 40】 rulers, the riches【 41】 with Egyptian pharaohs, and the coins that Europeans used to place on the departed persons eyes as payment for the Stygian ferryman. In time, as economy modified tradition, the actual【 42】 goods were

35、replaced【 43】 symbolic representations. In China, for example, gold and silver paper became a stand-in【 44】 real money. Eventually even the symbolic significance became obscured. Thus, Wolff said, flowers may be the【 45】 step in “three well-marked stages of offerings to the dead: the actual object,

36、its substitute in various forms, and finally mere tributes of respect.“ 三、 Reading Comprehension 68 The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the US economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older exper

37、ienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century. Older American

38、s constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the US Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time

39、, would increase US economic output and strengthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely. Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subj

40、ect our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits

41、. Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough

42、 for retirement According to the increase in 401 (k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations. The Hudson institute advo

43、cates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older worker. Among the reports recommendations; Tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to

44、 negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of

45、older experienced workers. 69 According to Hudson Institute researchers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the U. S. economy is_ （ A） constructive. （ B） significant （ C） inconclusive. （ D） detrimental. 70 The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because

46、their prolonged service may_ （ A） do harm to younger generations. （ B） end up with few or no benefits. （ C） give play to their potentials. （ D） shed light on social trends. 71 The second paragraph is written chiefly to show that_ （ A） there will be an acute labor shortage in the near future. （ B） ba

47、by-boomers contribute much to the US economic output （ C） government policies concerning older people are out-dated. （ D） alder workers are enthusiastic about collecting social benefits. 71 In little religious sects, accordingly, the morals of the common people have been almost always remarkably reg

48、ular and orderly; generally much more so than in the established church. The morals of those little sects, indeed, have frequently been rather disagreeably rigorous and unsocial. There are two very easy and effectual remedies, however, by whose joint operation the state might, without violence, corr

49、ect whatever was unsocial or disagreeably rigorous in the morals of all the little sects into which the country was divided. The flint of those remedies is the study of science and philosophy, which the state might render almost universal among all people of middling or more than middling rank and fortune; not by giving salaries to teachers in order to make them negligent and idle, but by instituting some sort o